chore: Modernize GitHub Actions workflow

Update Node matrix to active LTS versions (20, 22, 24), upgrade all
actions to latest majors, use built-in npm caching, and add PR trigger
for protected branch checks.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: Gido Manders

.github/workflows/workflow.yml

@@ -1,38 +1,35 @@
 name: Node.js CI
 
-on: [push]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
 
 jobs:
   build:
-
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        node-version: [14.x, 16.x, 18.x]
+        node-version: [20, 22, 24]
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-node@v1
-      with:
-        node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-    - uses: actions/cache@v2
-      with:
-        path: ~/.npm
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.node-version }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
-        restore-keys: |
-          ${{ runner.os }}-node-
-    - run: npm install
-    - run: npm run test
-      env:
-        CI: true
-    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
-      with:
-        directory: ./coverage
-        flags: unittests
-        name: codecov-umbrella
-        fail_ci_if_error: true
-        path_to_write_report: ./coverage/codecov_report.txt
-        verbose: true
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
+          cache: npm
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm test
+        env:
+          CI: true
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        if: matrix.node-version == 24
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          directory: ./coverage
+          flags: unittests
+          fail_ci_if_error: true