diff --git a/src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/geometric_gnn_models.py b/src/neuron_proofreader/models/geometric_gnn_models.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/geometric_gnn_models.py
rename to src/neuron_proofreader/models/geometric_gnn_models.py
diff --git a/src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/gnn_models.py b/src/neuron_proofreader/models/gnn_models.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/gnn_models.py
rename to src/neuron_proofreader/models/gnn_models.py
diff --git a/src/neuron_proofreader/models/new_vision_models.py b/src/neuron_proofreader/models/new_vision_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a413770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/neuron_proofreader/models/new_vision_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""
+Created on Thu July 2 13:00:00 2026
+
+@author: Anna Grim
+@email: anna.grim@alleninstitute.org
+
+Code for vision models that perform image classification tasks within
+NeuronProofreader pipelines.
+
+"""
+
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+
+from neuron_proofreader.utils.ml_util import FeedForwardNet
+
+
+class NewCNN3D(nn.Module):
+    """
+    Convolutional neural network for 3D images.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        patch_shape,
+        in_channels=2,
+        first_out_channels=16,
+        output_dim=1,
+        channel_growth=2,
+        dropout=0.1,
+        max_channels=256,
+        num_blocks=5,
+        num_single_blocks=2,
+        use_double=True,
+    ):
+        """
+        Instantiates a CNN3D object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        patch_shape : Tuple[int]
+            Shape of input image patch.
+        output_dim : int, optional
+            Dimension of output. Default is 1.
+        dropout : float, optional
+            Fraction of values to randomly drop during training. Default is
+            0.1.
+        num_blocks : int, optional
+            Number of convolutional blocks. Default is 5.
+        use_double : bool, optional
+            Indication of whether to use double convolution. Default is True.
+        """
+        # Call parent class
+        nn.Module.__init__(self)
+
+        # Instance attributes
+        self.dropout = dropout
+        self.patch_shape = patch_shape
+
+        self.encode = Encoder3D(
+            in_channels,
+            first_out_channels,
+            num_blocks,
+            channel_growth=channel_growth,
+            use_double=use_double,
+            max_channels=max_channels,
+            num_single_blocks=num_single_blocks,
+        )
+        self.output = FeedForwardNet(self.encode.out_channels, output_dim, 3)
+
+        # Initialize weights
+        self.apply(self.init_weights)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def init_weights(m):
+        """
+        Initializes the weights and biases of a given PyTorch layer.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        m : nn.Module
+            PyTorch layer or module.
+        """
+        if isinstance(m, nn.Conv3d):
+            nn.init.xavier_normal_(m.weight)
+            if m.bias is not None:
+                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
+        elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
+            nn.init.xavier_normal_(m.weight)
+            if m.bias is not None:
+                nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
+        elif isinstance(m, nn.GroupNorm):
+            nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
+            nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """
+        Passes the given input through this neural network.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        x : torch.Tensor
+            Input vector of features.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        x : torch.Tensor
+            Output of the neural network.
+        """
+        x = self.encode(x)
+        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool3d(x, 1).flatten(1)
+        x = self.output(x)
+        return x
+
+
+class Encoder3D(nn.Module):
+    """
+    Sequence of ConvBlock3D blocks with growing (capped) channel width.
+    """
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        in_channels,
+        out_channels,
+        num_blocks,
+        channel_growth=2,
+        use_double=True,
+        max_channels=256,
+        num_single_blocks=2,
+    ):
+        """
+        Instantiates an Encoder3D object.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        in_channels : int
+            Number of channels input to the first block.
+        out_channels : int
+            Number of channels output by the first block.
+        num_blocks : int
+            Number of conv blocks in the encoder.
+        channel_growth : float, optional
+            Multiplicative channel growth factor per layer. Default is 2.
+        use_double : bool, optional
+            Indication of whether blocks use double convolution. Default is True.
+        max_channels : int, optional
+            Cap on channel growth across layers. Default is 128.
+        """
+        # Call parent class
+        super().__init__()
+
+        # Create encoding blocks
+        blocks = list()
+        for i in range(num_blocks):
+            use_double = i > num_single_blocks
+            block = ConvBlock3D(
+                in_channels, out_channels, use_double=use_double
+            )
+            blocks.append(block)
+            in_channels = block.out_channels
+            out_channels = int(min(out_channels * channel_growth, max_channels))
+
+        # Instance attributes
+        self.blocks = nn.ModuleList(blocks)
+        self.out_channels = self.blocks[-1].out_channels
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        for block in self.blocks:
+            x = block(x)
+        return x
+
+
+class ConvBlock3D(nn.Module):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, use_double=True
+    ):
+        """
+        Instantiates a ConvBlock3D object.
+ 
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        in_channels : int
+            Number of input channels to this block.
+        out_channels : int
+            Number of output channels from this block.
+        kernel_size : int, optional
+            Size of kernel used on convolutional layers. Default is 3.
+        use_double : bool, optional
+            Indication of whether to apply a second conv+norm+act before
+            pooling. Default is True.
+        """
+        # Call parent class
+        super().__init__()
+
+        # Instance attributes
+        self.out_channels = out_channels
+
+        # Create encoding layers
+        layers = self.create_unit(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
+        if use_double:
+            layers.extend(
+                self.create_unit(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
+            )
+
+        self.net = nn.Sequential(*layers, nn.MaxPool3d(kernel_size=2))
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        return self.net(x)
+
+    # --- Helpers ---
+    def create_unit(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size):
+        padding = kernel_size // 2
+        n_groups = self.get_num_groups(out_channels, 8)
+        unit = [
+            nn.Conv3d(
+                in_channels,
+                out_channels,
+                kernel_size,
+                padding=padding,
+            ),
+            nn.GroupNorm(n_groups, out_channels),
+            nn.GELU()
+        ]
+        return unit
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_num_groups(num_channels, max_groups=8):
+        for g in reversed(range(1, max_groups + 1)):
+            if num_channels % g == 0:
+                return g
+        return 1
diff --git a/src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/point_cloud_models.py b/src/neuron_proofreader/models/point_cloud_models.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/point_cloud_models.py
rename to src/neuron_proofreader/models/point_cloud_models.py
diff --git a/src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/vision_models.py b/src/neuron_proofreader/models/vision_models.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/neuron_proofreader/machine_learning/vision_models.py
rename to src/neuron_proofreader/models/vision_models.py