Refactor quiz question handling and add source questions for improved functionality

Author: CodeKokeshi

assets/quiz_info_source/Contemporary World - Lesson 4 - Global Governance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+## **LESSON 4: THE CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE**
+
+**The Attributes of Today’s Global System**  
+First, there are countries or states that are independent and govern themselves. Second, these countries interact with each other through diplomacy. Third, there are international organizations, like the United Nations (UN), that facilitate these interactions. Fourth, beyond simply facilitating meetings between states, international organizations also take on lives of their own.
+
+**Diplomacy** is the established method of influencing the decisions and behavior of foreign governments and peoples through dialogue, negotiation, and other measures short of war or violence.
+
+A **state** is a sovereign, organized political community with a centralized government, defined territory, permanent population, and the ultimate authority (sovereignty) to make and enforce laws, distinguished by its monopoly on the legitimate use of force. A state has four elements:
+
+1. it exercises authority over a specific population, called citizens;  
+2. it governs a specific territory;  
+3. a state has a structure of government that crafts various rules that people (or the society) follow, and;  
+4. Most crucially, the state has sovereignty over its territory.
+
+**Sovereignty** is the supreme, independent authority a state holds over its own territory and people, meaning it has the ultimate power to govern itself without external interference.
+
+A **nation** is a group of people who share a common language, history, culture, and usually a specific territory.
+
+According to ***Benedict Anderson***, a nation is an **“imagined community.”** This means that members of a nation may never meet most of their fellow citizens, but they still feel a sense of belonging and connection to one another.
+
+Nations usually limit membership to **people who share a culture, speak a common language, and live within a specific territory.** This is why nations are considered exclusive and bounded communities, unlike many religious groups.
+
+**The Interstate System**  
+The origins of the present-day concept of sovereignty can be traced back to the **Treaty of Westphalia.**
+
+This treaty was signed in **1648** to end the **Thirty Years’ War**, one of the most destructive wars in European history.
+
+The **Thirty Years’ War (1618 \- 1648\)** began as a **religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants**, but later turned into a **political and power struggle among European states**. At the **center of this conflict was the Holy Roman Empire.**
+
+And these emperors of the Holy Roman Empire mostly came from the **House of Habsburg**, a powerful Catholic royal family that also ruled Spain and other territories.
+
+The religious conflict can be traced back to the split between the Catholic Church and Protestantism that happened in the 16th century during a period called **Protestant Reformation**, a movement that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and promoted new religious beliefs, such as rejecting the Pope’s authority and emphasizing personal faith and the Bible. Reformers like **Martin Luther** criticized the Catholic Church for corruption and abuse of power. Many rulers converted to Protestantism not only for religious reasons but also to break free from the control of the Catholic Church and the emperor.
+
+**Treaty**: a binding formal agreement, contract, or other written instrument that establishes obligations between two or more states and international organizations.
+
+**Treaty of Münster**, which focused mainly on settling disputes between Catholic countries and strengthened the idea that states should respect each other’s borders and independence.
+
+**Treaty of Osnabrück**, which dealt primarily with the religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants within the Holy Roman Empire.
+
+**What is Global Governance and what it does?**  
+**Global governance** simply means how countries work together to manage problems that go beyond national borders.
+
+However, it is important to understand that there is no single **“world government”** that controls all countries.
+
+**Global governance emerged because many of today’s problems go beyond the ability of one country to handle alone.**
+
+While there is **no single central authority** in global governance, the United Nations (UN) comes closest to this role.
+
+**The UN can raise awareness of global issues, coordinate responses, and involve many non-state actors, including both governmental and non-governmental organizations.**
+
+**The UN began its operations on October 24, 1945**, after World War II. It is an entity that is concerned primarily with five roles and functions:
+
+1. **Maintain International Peace and Security** \- The UN was created in 1945 after World War II to help prevent wars and conflicts around the world. It works by helping countries resolve disputes peacefully, sending peacekeepers to conflict areas, and creating conditions that allow peace to last. These actions often overlap and support each other to keep the world safe.  
+2. **Protect Human Rights** \- Promoting and protecting human rights is one of the UN’s main goals. In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, making human rights an international standard. Since then, the UN has worked to protect people’s rights through laws, programs, and activities around the world.  
+3. **Deliver Humanitarian Aid** \- The UN helps countries when disasters or crises happen that they cannot handle alone. This includes natural disasters, wars, or other emergencies, providing food, shelter, medical care, and other support to people in need.  
+4. **Promote Sustainable Development** \- From its beginning, the UN has aimed to improve people’s lives. Sustainable development means creating opportunities for economic growth, social well- being, and environmental protection. The UN works with countries to promote prosperity and a better quality of life for everyone.  
+5. **Uphold International Law** \- The UN ensures that countries follow international laws and agreements. This is done through courts, treaties, and the Security Council, which can send peacekeepers, impose sanctions, or even approve the use of force when necessary. Since 1945, the UN has been involved in preventing conflicts, controlling weapons, protecting human rights, helping newly independent countries, empowering women, educating children, feeding the hungry, helping refugees, and coordinating disaster relief.
+
+ Gemini said
+
+To support its main goals, the United Nations (UN) is made up of six key organs, each focusing on different areas of work:
+
+1. **The General Assembly** \- This is the main discussion body of the UN. Every member country has equal representation, meaning each country gets a voice in discussions, policy-making, and decisions on international issues.  
+2. **The Security Council** \- This organ is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members: five permanent members (the United States, Britain, Russia, China, and France) and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms. The Security Council can send peacekeepers, impose sanctions, or authorize the use of force when needed.  
+3. **The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)** \- ECOSOC focuses on cooperation, policy review, and advice on economic, social, environmental, and related issues. It works with specialized agencies like the IMF, UNESCO, and WHO. It is the UN’s main platform for discussion, debate, and planning on sustainable development.  
+4. **The Trusteeship Council** \- This organ was created to oversee trust territories and ensure they moved toward independence and self-government. After the last trust territory became independent in 1994, the Trusteeship Council suspended its operations.  
+5. **The International Court of Justice (ICJ)** \- This is the UN’s main judicial body, where countries can settle disputes through the law. Unlike most UN organs, the ICJ is not in New York but in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands.  
+6. **The Secretariat** – The Secretariat handles the day-to-day operations of the UN. It is led by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.

quizzes/gned07/globalization/quiz.html

@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ <h2 class="results-title" id="resultsTitle">Quiz Complete!</h2>
   </div>
 
   <script>
-  var questions = [
+  var sourceQuestions = [
     {
       q: 'One of the most widely accepted explanations of globalization was given by ______: "the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space."',
       choices: ['Manfred Steger', 'Immanuel Wallerstein', 'Tony Blair and Bill Clinton', 'powerful groups'],
@@ -663,6 +663,40 @@ <h2 class="results-title" id="resultsTitle">Quiz Complete!</h2>
     }
   ];
 
+  function buildQuestions() {
+    return sourceQuestions.map(function(sourceQuestion) {
+      var choiceItems = sourceQuestion.choices.map(function(choiceText, choiceIndex) {
+        return {
+          text: choiceText,
+          isCorrect: choiceIndex === sourceQuestion.answer
+        };
+      });
+
+      for (var i = choiceItems.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+        var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
+        var temp = choiceItems[i];
+        choiceItems[i] = choiceItems[j];
+        choiceItems[j] = temp;
+      }
+
+      var correctIndex = 0;
+      for (var k = 0; k < choiceItems.length; k++) {
+        if (choiceItems[k].isCorrect) {
+          correctIndex = k;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return {
+        q: sourceQuestion.q,
+        choices: choiceItems.map(function(item) { return item.text; }),
+        answer: correctIndex
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  var questions = buildQuestions();
+
   var currentIndex = 0;
   var score = 0;
   var answered = false;
@@ -760,6 +794,7 @@ <h2 class="results-title" id="resultsTitle">Quiz Complete!</h2>
   }
 
   document.getElementById('startBtn').addEventListener('click', function() {
+    questions = buildQuestions();
     currentIndex = 0;
     score = 0;
     showScreen('screenQuiz');
@@ -776,6 +811,7 @@ <h2 class="results-title" id="resultsTitle">Quiz Complete!</h2>
   });
 
   document.getElementById('retryBtn').addEventListener('click', function() {
+    questions = buildQuestions();
     currentIndex = 0;
     score = 0;
     showScreen('screenQuiz');