Refactor code structure for improved readability and maintainability

Author: CodeKokeshi

assets/images/quizzes/lesson_4-global-governance.png

@@ -163,6 +163,14 @@ const quizzes = [
     lessonUrl: 'quizzes/gned07/global-governance/lesson.html',
     quizUrl: 'quizzes/gned07/global-governance/quiz.html',
   },
+  {
+    id: 4,
+    image: 'assets/images/quizzes/lesson_5-global-divde.webp',
+    title: 'Global Divide Quiz',
+    description: 'Lesson 5 of GNED07 about the Global North and Global South divide.',
+    lessonUrl: 'quizzes/gned07/global-divide/lesson.html',
+    quizUrl: 'quizzes/gned07/global-divide/quiz.html',
+  },
 ];
 
 const mods = [

assets/images/quizzes/lesson_5-global-divde.webp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+**LESSON 5: THE GLOBAL DIVIDE: THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH**
+
+**Introduction to the Global Divide**  
+The global divide between the North and the South is **a concept used to describe the differences in economic, social, and political development between countries.**
+
+The **Global North refers to wealthy, industrialized, and mostly democratic countries that have advanced economies, strong infrastructures, and high standards of living.** These include countries such as the United States, Canada, Western European nations, Australia, New Zealand, and the more developed parts of Asia.
+
+In contrast, the **Global South** consists of developing or less developed countries that face challenges such as poverty, limited industrialization, weaker infrastructure, and political instability. The term **“Global South” emerged as a more neutral alternative to the term “Third World,”** which carried negative connotations of poverty and backwardness. Countries in the Global South include regions of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America.
+
+It is important to note that **this divide is not strictly geographical**\- for example, some countries in the southern hemisphere are part of the Global North, while some in the northern hemisphere belong to the Global South.
+
+**History of the terms Global North and Global South**  
+**Colonialism** \- From the 16th to the 20th centuries, European countries like Britain, Spain, Portugal, and France colonized large parts of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Colonization meant that these European powers controlled the land, resources, and people in these regions. The colonizers exploited natural resources, such as gold, cotton, spices, and other raw materials, and used local people as cheap labor.
+
+1. **Industrial Revolution** \- Starting in the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution **marked a period when Europe and North America experienced rapid industrial growth and technological advances.**   
+     
+   **New inventions, machines, factories, and methods of production allowed these countries to produce goods faster and cheaper, leading to massive economic growth.**  
+     
+* **Industrial Revolution**: was a period of scientific and technological development in the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies- especially in Europe and North America- into industrialized, urban ones.  
+* **Colonialism**: is the practice of one country exercising political, economic, and social control over another territory and its inhabitants, often involving settler occupation to exploit resources, labor, and markets.
+
+
+2. **Post-World War II** \- After World War II, many former colonies finally gained independence from European powers. However, these newly independent nations faced huge challenges in building stable governments, economies, and infrastructures. At the same time, global institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were created to help manage international finance and development.
+
+**Socio-Economic and Political Differences of the Global North and Global South**
+
+1. **Economic Disparities** \- One of the main differences between the Global North and Global South is economic development. **Countries in the Global North generally have higher GDP per capita and higher income levels, meaning people earn more on average**. In contrast, **many countries in the Global South still depend heavily on agriculture, mining, or exporting raw materials, which generate less wealth and create fewer opportunities for economic growth.**  
+2. **Social Indicators** \- Differences are also seen in health, education, and quality of life. In the **Global North, people usually have better access to healthcare, higher life expectancy, and lower rates of disease. In the Global South, healthcare and education are often limited, which leads to lower life expectancy, higher disease rates, and lower literacy rates.**  
+3. **Political Structures \-** Another important difference is in government and politics. **Countries in the Global North tend to have more stable governments, strong institutions, and systems of law that are widely respected.** On the other hand, many **countries in the Global South face political instability, weaker institutions, and higher levels of corruption, which can make it harder for these countries to manage resources, provide public services, or achieve economic growth.**
+
+**Impact of Globalization to the Global North and Global South**  
+Trade agreements and global **economic policies often favor developed countries in the Global North,** giving them advantages in markets, subsidies, and resources. Developing countries in the Global South, on the other hand, often face trade barriers, unfair terms, and limited influence in global markets, making it harder for them to compete economically.
+
+Another effect of globalization is the **technological gap between the North and South.**
+
+**Migration** is another outcome of globalization. People from the Global South often move to the Global North in search of better economic opportunities, education, or safety from political instability and conflicts.
+
+For the South, **brain drain** occurs as talented professionals leave, slowing national development.
+
+---
+
+**Migration**: is the movement of people or animals from one place to another, involving a change in the place of residence, either across international borders (external) or within a country (internal).
+
+**Brain drain:** A substantial emigration and migration of individuals.
+
+---
+
+**Bridging the Gap Between the Global North and Global South**  
+One important step is to implement fair trade practices and reduce trade barriers that put developing countries at a disadvantage. At the same time, countries in the Global South  
+must invest in education and healthcare systems, improving literacy, health outcomes, and the overall quality of life for their citizens.
+
+Supporting good governance and the establishment of strong institutions in the Global South can reduce corruption, encourage democratic practices, and protect human rights.