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‎Examples/demos/raycast‎

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# [[ RAYCAST EXAMPLE BY DEVKEV AKA PHILIPP GERSCH 30.08.23 ]] #
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# This Example renders a pseudo 3d scene using raycasting and drawing is using ascii characters #
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# I do not not recommend creating stuff like this yourself using this language. #
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# This example should only show the capabilities of this language and the overall acceptable performance #
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# The view will rotate automatically, but you could enable controls if you want. You can also add more walls using the variables bofore the MAIN loop #
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# If manual control is enabled, you can move and look around using the W A S D keys #
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MANUAL_CONTROL = $false;
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sizeX = 100;
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sizeY = 30;
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pixels = [];
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tileSize = 10;
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for i $sizeY {
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row = [];
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for j $sizeX {
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row[$j] = " ";
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};
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pixels[$i] = $row;
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};
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#-----------------------------------------#
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#UTILS#
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#Returns a new object with two dimenstions x and y#
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point = {
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return (new-object {x = $0;y = $1});
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};
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#Calculates the distance between two points#
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dist = {
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dx = ($0 - $2);
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dy = ($1 - $3);
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return (sqrt (($dx * $dx) + ($dy * $dy)));
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};
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#-----------------------------------------#
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#OBJECT CREATION#
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#Creates a new wall#
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new-wall = {
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return (new-object {
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#Create coordinates on the grid#
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x1 = ($0 * $tileSize);
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y1 = ($1 * $tileSize);
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x2 = ($2 * $tileSize);
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y2 = ($3 * $tileSize);
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});
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};
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#Creates a new ray object#
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new-ray = {
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return (new-object {
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x = $0;
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y = $1;
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dirX = $2;
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dirY = $3;
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collisionX = 0;
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collisionY = 0;
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dist = -1;
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angle = 0;
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#Argument 0 needs to be a wall object. Returns a new point#
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cast = {
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wall = $0;
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ifnot ($dirY typeof float) {
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dirY = 0;
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};
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ifnot ($dirX typeof float) {
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dirX = 0;
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};
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x1 = $x;
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x3 = $wall.x1;
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x4 = $wall.x2;
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y3 = $wall.y1;
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y4 = $wall.y2;
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x2 = ($x + ($dirX * "100"));
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y1 = $y;
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y2 = ($y + ($dirY * "100"));
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nenner = ((($x1 - $x2) * ($y3 - $y4)) - (($y1 - $y2) * ($x3 - $x4)));
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if ($nenner == 0) {
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return "";
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};
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tt = (((($x1 - $x3) * ($y3 - $y4)) - (($y1 - $y3) * ($x3 - $x4))) / $nenner);
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uu = (((($x1 - $x2) * ($y1 - $y3)) - (($y1 - $y2) * ($x1 - $x3))) / $nenner);
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ifnot ($uu typeof float) {
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return "";
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};
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uu = ($uu * -1);
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if (($tt gt 0) and ($uu gt 0) and ($uu lt 1)) {
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rx = ($tt * ($x2 - $x1));
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ry = ($tt * ($y2 - $y1));
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return (call $point ($x1 + $rx) ($y1 + $ry));
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};
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return "";
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};
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});
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};
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new-point = {
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return (new-object {
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x = (($0 * $tileSize) + ($tileSize / 2));
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y = (($1 * $tileSize) + ($tileSize / 2));
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rayCount = $2;
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fov = $3;
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rays = [];
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angleStep = ($fov / $rayCount);
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angle = (($fov / 2) + ($angleStep / 2));
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direction = (call $point 0 0);
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println $angleStep;
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for i $rayCount {
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angle = ($angle + $angleStep);
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println "Setting ray at " $angle " degrees";
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rays[$i] = (call $new-ray $x $y (cos $angle) (sin $angle));
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};
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angle = 0;
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setPos = {
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x = $0;
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y = $1;
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for i $rayCount {
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rays[$i].x = $0;
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rays[$i].y = $1;
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};
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};
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setAngle = {
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direction = (call $point (cos $0) (sin $0));
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angle = $0;
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angleCount = 0;
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for i $rayCount {
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rays[$i].angle = (($angleCount - ($fov / 2)) + ($angleStep / 2));
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rays[$i].dirX = (cos ($angle + $rays[$i].angle));
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rays[$i].dirY = (sin ($angle + $rays[$i].angle));
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angleCount = ($angleCount + $angleStep);
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};
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};
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cast = {
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walls = $0;
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for i $rayCount {
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recordPos = "";
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for j (length $walls) {
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castPos = (call $rays[$i].cast $walls[$j]);
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if ($castPos != "") {
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if ($recordPos == "") {
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recordPos = $castPos;
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} else {
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distRecord = (call $dist $recordPos.x $recordPos.y $rays[$i].x $rays[$i].y);
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dist = (call $dist $castPos.x $castPos.y $rays[$i].x $rays[$i].y);
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if ($dist lt $distRecord) {
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recordPos = $castPos;
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};
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};
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};
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};
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if ($recordPos != "") {
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rays[$i].dist = (call $dist $recordPos.x $recordPos.y $rays[$i].x $rays[$i].y);
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rays[$i].collisionX = $recordPos.x;
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rays[$i].collisionY = $recordPos.y;
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} else {
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rays[$i].dist = -1;
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};
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};
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};
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});
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};
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#-----------------------------------------#
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#DRAWING AND RENDERING#
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drawScreen = {
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for i $sizeY {
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print "|";
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for j $sizeX {
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print $pixels[$i][$j];
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};
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print "|";
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println;
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};
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};
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clearBuffer = {
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for i $sizeY {
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for j $sizeX {
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pixels[$i][$j] = " ";
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};
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println;
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};
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};
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#Paints a pixel to the buffer#
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paint = {
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x = (string (int $0));
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y = (string (int $1));
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if (($x lt $sizeX) and ($y lt $sizeY) and ($x gteq 0) and ($y gteq 0)) {
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pixels[$y][$x] = $2;
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}
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};
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#-----------------------------------------#
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#MAIN#
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# Every wall has a start x and y and end x and y coordinate #
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walls = [
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(call $new-wall -3 0 1 0)
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(call $new-wall 2 0 1 1)
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(call $new-wall 1 1 -2 1)
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];
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anchor = (call $new-point 0 0 $sizeX 90);
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lastInput = "";
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pixelStep = (string (int ($sizeX / $anchor.rayCount)));
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loop {
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call $anchor.cast $walls;
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call $clearBuffer;
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for i (length $anchor.rays) {
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if ($anchor.rays[$i].dist != -1) {
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actualDistance = ($anchor.rays[$i].dist * (cos $anchor.rays[$i].angle));
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height = (((4 / $actualDistance) * $sizeY) / 2);
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for k $pixelStep {
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x = (($pixelStep * $i) + $k);
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topY = (($sizeY / 2) - $height);
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botY = (($sizeY / 2) + $height));
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for y (string (int ($botY - $topY))) {
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if ($anchor.rays[$i].dist lt 8) {
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call $paint $x ($y + $topY) <#>;
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} elseif ($anchor.rays[$i].dist lt 12) {
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call $paint $x ($y + $topY) <+>;
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} else {
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call $paint $x ($y + $topY) <.>;
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};
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};
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call $paint $x $topY "_";
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call $paint $x $botY "@";
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};
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firstRay = $true;
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};
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};
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try {
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exec "cls";
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clearConsole;
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};
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call $drawScreen;
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if (not $MANUAL_CONTROL) {
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call $anchor.setAngle (($anchor.angle + 15) % 360);
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} else {
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println "\nangle: " $anchor.angle;
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println "x: " $anchor.x;
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println "y: " $anchor.y;
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print "Move: ";
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dir = (input);
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if ($dir == "") {
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dir = $lastInput;
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};
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if ($dir == d) {
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call $anchor.setAngle (($anchor.angle + 30) % 360);
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lastInput = d;
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} elseif ($dir == a) {
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call $anchor.setAngle (($anchor.angle - 30) % 360);
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lastInput = a;
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} elseif ($dir == w) {
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call $anchor.setPos ($anchor.x + (($anchor.direction.x / 2) * $tileSize)) ($anchor.y + (($anchor.direction.y / 2) * $tileSize));
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lastInput = w;
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} elseif ($dir == s) {
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call $anchor.setPos ($anchor.x - (($anchor.direction.x / 2) * $tileSize)) ($anchor.y - (($anchor.direction.y / 2) * $tileSize));
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lastInput = s;
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};
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}
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};
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‎Examples/tutorials/2 Variables‎

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foo = "Changed the text!";
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println $foo;
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#You can check for the type of a variable with the "[variable] typeof [type]" command#
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arr = ["string1" "string2"];
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chaoticArray = [{} (new-object {})];
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x = 10.5;
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println ($x typeof "int"); #-> false#
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println ($x typeof "float"); #-> true#
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println ($arr typeof "array");
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#This rule of variable modification also applies to arrays (Tutorial 4) and Objects (Tutorial 7):#
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#We print the first array element ("1") but we will change it to "10"#

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