-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathwiki.html
More file actions
476 lines (415 loc) · 15.9 KB
/
wiki.html
File metadata and controls
476 lines (415 loc) · 15.9 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<title>wiki1</title>
<script src="site_libs/jquery-1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link href="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/shim/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/bootstrap-3.3.5/shim/respond.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/navigation-1.1/tabsets.js"></script>
<link href="site_libs/highlightjs-1.1/default.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="site_libs/highlightjs-1.1/highlight.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">code{white-space: pre;}</style>
<style type="text/css">
pre:not([class]) {
background-color: white;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
if (window.hljs && document.readyState && document.readyState === "complete") {
window.setTimeout(function() {
hljs.initHighlighting();
}, 0);
}
</script>
<style type="text/css">
h1 {
font-size: 34px;
}
h1.title {
font-size: 38px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 30px;
}
h3 {
font-size: 24px;
}
h4 {
font-size: 18px;
}
h5 {
font-size: 16px;
}
h6 {
font-size: 12px;
}
.table th:not([align]) {
text-align: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<style type = "text/css">
.main-container {
max-width: 940px;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
code {
color: inherit;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}
img {
max-width:100%;
height: auto;
}
.tabbed-pane {
padding-top: 12px;
}
button.code-folding-btn:focus {
outline: none;
}
</style>
<style type="text/css">
/* padding for bootstrap navbar */
body {
padding-top: 51px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
/* offset scroll position for anchor links (for fixed navbar) */
.section h1 {
padding-top: 56px;
margin-top: -56px;
}
.section h2 {
padding-top: 56px;
margin-top: -56px;
}
.section h3 {
padding-top: 56px;
margin-top: -56px;
}
.section h4 {
padding-top: 56px;
margin-top: -56px;
}
.section h5 {
padding-top: 56px;
margin-top: -56px;
}
.section h6 {
padding-top: 56px;
margin-top: -56px;
}
</style>
<script>
// manage active state of menu based on current page
$(document).ready(function () {
// active menu anchor
href = window.location.pathname
href = href.substr(href.lastIndexOf('/') + 1)
if (href === "")
href = "index.html";
var menuAnchor = $('a[href="' + href + '"]');
// mark it active
menuAnchor.parent().addClass('active');
// if it's got a parent navbar menu mark it active as well
menuAnchor.closest('li.dropdown').addClass('active');
});
</script>
<div class="container-fluid main-container">
<!-- tabsets -->
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
window.buildTabsets("TOC");
});
</script>
<!-- code folding -->
<div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html">My Website</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<a href="index.html">Home</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="about.html">About</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div><!--/.container -->
</div><!--/.navbar -->
<div class="fluid-row" id="header">
<h1 class="title toc-ignore">wiki1</h1>
</div>
<div id="formulas" class="section level2">
<h2>Formulas</h2>
<div id="energy" class="section level3">
<h3>Energy</h3>
<p>(unit of, measured in kWh)</p>
<p><span class="math display">\[E (kWh) = P(W) \times t (hr)1000\]</span> Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(E\)</span>: Energy (unit of, measured in kWh)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(P\)</span>: Power (unit, measured in Watts)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(t\)</span>: time period (measured in hours)</p>
</div>
<div id="energy-efficiency-mu-as" class="section level3">
<h3>Energy Efficiency (<span class="math inline">\(\mu\)</span>) as %:</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[\mu = \frac{useful \, energy \, output}{total \,energy \, input} \times 100\]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="conservation-of-energy-formula" class="section level3">
<h3>Conservation of Energy Formula</h3>
</div>
<div id="closed-system" class="section level3">
<h3>(closed System)</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[\Delta U = Q - W\]</span></p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\Delta U\)</span>: as a change in internal energy</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(Q\)</span>: the net quantity of heat supplied to the system by its surroundings</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(W\)</span>: denotes the net work done by the system.</p>
</div>
<div id="open-system" class="section level3">
<h3>(Open System)</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[\dot{Q} -\dot{W} = \sum \dot{m_{in}} - \dot{h_{out}}\]</span></p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\dot{m}\)</span>:is the change in mass with respect to time (“flow”)</p>
</div>
<div id="heat-transferred-by" class="section level3">
<h3>Heat transferred by:</h3>
</div>
<div id="conduction" class="section level3">
<h3>1. Conduction</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[\dot{Q}= KA \frac{t_{1}-t_{2}}{1}\]</span></p>
<p>Where</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(K\)</span> is the thermal conductivity constant (obtained by experimentation in W/m.K.)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(A\)</span> is the area of the surface</p>
</div>
<div id="convection" class="section level3">
<h3>2. Convection</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[\dot{Q}= hA ({t_{1}-t_{2}})\]</span></p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(h\)</span> convective heat transfer coefficient</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(A\)</span> is the area implied in the heat transfer process</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(T\)</span> is for the temperature of the system</p>
</div>
<div id="radiation" class="section level3">
<h3>3. Radiation</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[\dot{Q}= \varepsilon \sigma A ({T1^{4}-t2^{4}})\]</span></p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\varepsilon\)</span> is the emissivity of the system</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\sigma\)</span> is the constant of Stephan-Boltzmann (5.6697 x 10^-8 W/m<sup>2.K</sup>4)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(A\)</span> is the area involved in the heat transfer by radiation</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(({T1^{4}-t2^{4}})\)</span> is the difference of temperature between two systems</p>
</div>
<div id="the-pmv-index-is-expressed-by-p.o.-fanger-as" class="section level3">
<h3>The PMV index is expressed by P.O. Fanger as</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[PMV = (0.303e ^{0.036M} + 0.028) L\]</span></p>
<p>where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(PMV\)</span> = Predicted Mean Vote Index</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(M\)</span> = metabolic rate</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(L\)</span> = thermal load - defined as the difference between the internal heat production and the heat loss to the actual environment - for a person at comfort skin temperature and evaporative heat loss by sweating at the actual activity level.</p>
</div>
<div id="hdd-heating-degree-days" class="section level3">
<h3>HDD (Heating Degree Days)</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[HDD (T_{ref}) =\frac{1}{24}\sum_{8760}^{i=1} max (T_{ref}- T_{ext, i} , 0)\]</span><br />
<span class="math inline">\(T_{ref}\)</span>: reference temperature</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(T_{ext}\)</span>,: exterior temperature</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(i\)</span> = inlet temperatures of hot/cold fluid</p>
</div>
<div id="cdd-cooling-degree-days" class="section level3">
<h3>CDD (Cooling Degree Days)</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[CDD (T_{ref}) =\frac{1}{24}\sum_{8760}^{i=1} max (T_{ref, i}- T_{ext} , 0)\]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="thermal-balance" class="section level3">
<h3>Thermal Balance</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q= Q_{in} - Q_{out} = Q_{walls} + Q_{windows}+ Q_{roof}+ Q_{ceiling}\]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ventilation-and-air-leakages" class="section level3">
<h3>Ventilation and Air Leakages</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[\dot{Q} = \dot{m}cp\Delta T\]</span></p>
<p>where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(cp\)</span> = surface pressure coefficient</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\Delta T\)</span> = temperature difference</p>
</div>
<div id="overall-heat-transfer-coefficient-u" class="section level3">
<h3>Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U)</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q = U\Delta T\]</span></p>
<p><span class="math display">\[U = \frac{1}{1/h1 + La/Ka + 1/h2}\]</span></p>
<p>where <span class="math inline">\(q\)</span> = heat transfer (W, J/s, Btu/hr)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(A\)</span> = heat transfer area (m2, ft2)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(k\)</span> = thermal conductivity of material (W/m K or W/m oC, Btu/(hr oF ft2/ft))</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(dT\)</span> = temperature gradient - difference - in the material (K or oC, oF)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(s\)</span> = material thickness (m, ft)</p>
</div>
<div id="heat-balance" class="section level3">
<h3>Heat Balance</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q = Q_{heating/cooling} + Q_{envelope} + Q_{internal}+ Q_{air}\]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="heat-through-envelope" class="section level3">
<h3>Heat through envelope</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q_{envelope} = HDD\times Q_{x}\]</span></p>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q_{x} = A_{ceiling} \times U_{ceiling} \times A_{floor} \times U_{floor} A_{window} \times U_{window} + ( A_{wall} - A_{window }) \times U_{wall}\]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="heat-through-air-exchange" class="section level3">
<h3>Heat through air exchange</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q = \dot{m} _{leakage} \times Cp \times V \times HDD\]</span> Where</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(V\)</span> = Volume of the room</p>
</div>
<div id="internal-gains" class="section level3">
<h3>Internal Gains</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q_{internal} = Q_{occupants} + Q_{appliances}\]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="solar-gains" class="section level3">
<h3>Solar Gains</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[Q_{solar} = AI (T+U(\sigma^\alpha)\]</span></p>
<p>Where: <span class="math inline">\(A\)</span>: Area</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(I\)</span>: irradiation</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(TU(\sigma^\alpha)\)</span>: Coefficient that depends on the transmissivity and the absorbed radiation by the surface, through each radiation enters the room</p>
</div>
<div id="hot-water-modeling" class="section level3">
<h3>Hot water modeling</h3>
<p>Changing Product Temperature - Heating up the Product with Steam</p>
<p>The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance can be expressed as:</p>
<p><span class="math display">\[\Delta U = m c_{p} \Delta T\]</span></p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\Delta U\)</span> = quantity (difference) of energy or heat (kJ)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(m\)</span> = mass of substance (kg)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(c_{p}\)</span> = specific heat of substance (kJ/kg K)</p>
<p>$ T$ = temperature (difference) rise of substance</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(c_{p}\)</span> 4.18 kJ/kg.K</p>
</div>
<div id="pipe-losses" class="section level3">
<h3>Pipe Losses</h3>
<p>(Confirmar Formula e imagem)</p>
<p><span class="math display">\[q_{p}= \pi (T_{2}-T_{1})/ ln (D_{out}/D)\]</span></p>
</div>
<div id="lighting-concepts" class="section level3">
<h3>Lighting Concepts</h3>
<div id="luminous-flux-phi-lmm2" class="section level4">
<h4>Luminous Flux (<span class="math inline">\(\Phi\)</span>) = lm/m2</h4>
<p>Illuminance from a Light Source</p>
<p><span class="math display">\[E = \frac{lcos\Phi }{d^2}\]</span></p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(E\)</span> = illuminance from a certain place (lux)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(d\)</span>= distance to the light source</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\Phi\)</span> Angle from the light source</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(I\)</span> = light source luminous intensity (lm)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="lightening-service-l" class="section level3">
<h3>Lightening Service (L)</h3>
<p>Amount of time that the activity takes place</p>
<p><span class="math display">\[L = E\times A\times \Delta T(lm. s)\]</span></p>
<p>confirmar (lm. s)</p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(E\)</span>: Required level of illuminance in a certain place (lux)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(A\)</span> : Area which requires a certain level of illuminance (m2)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\Delta\)</span> : time period</p>
</div>
<div id="electrical-potential" class="section level3">
<h3>Electrical Potential</h3>
<p><span class="math display">\[P = U\times I\]</span></p>
<p>Where:</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(P\)</span> = Power (Watts)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(U\)</span> = voltage (volts)</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(I\)</span> = current (Amperes)</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="links" class="section level2">
<h2>Links</h2>
<p>We also can insert link like for example: <a href="https://digitalnewsinitiative.com/">The Digital News Initiative</a></p>
</div>
<div id="including-code-r" class="section level2">
<h2>Including Code (R)</h2>
<p>we can also included code shunks:</p>
<pre class="r"><code>summary(cars)</code></pre>
<pre><code>## speed dist
## Min. : 4.0 Min. : 2.00
## 1st Qu.:12.0 1st Qu.: 26.00
## Median :15.0 Median : 36.00
## Mean :15.4 Mean : 42.98
## 3rd Qu.:19.0 3rd Qu.: 56.00
## Max. :25.0 Max. :120.00</code></pre>
</div>
<div id="including-plots" class="section level2">
<h2>Including Plots</h2>
<p>Embed plots, for example:</p>
<p><img src="RmdFigs/pressure-1.png" width="1152" /></p>
</div>
<div id="and-images" class="section level2">
<h2>And Images</h2>
<div class="figure">
<img src="/Users/dvf/Desktop/figure_1.png" />
</div>
<p>So this how this image was done:</p>
</div>
<div id="python" class="section level2">
<h2>Python</h2>
<pre class="python"><code>import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
def lorenz(x, y, z, s=10, r=28, b=2.667):
x_dot = s*(y - x)
y_dot = r*x - y - x*z
z_dot = x*y - b*z
return x_dot, y_dot, z_dot
dt = 0.01
stepCnt = 10000
# Need one more for the initial values
xs = np.empty((stepCnt + 1,))
ys = np.empty((stepCnt + 1,))
zs = np.empty((stepCnt + 1,))
# Setting initial values
xs[0], ys[0], zs[0] = (0., 1., 1.05)
# Stepping through "time".
for i in range(stepCnt):
# Derivatives of the X, Y, Z state
x_dot, y_dot, z_dot = lorenz(xs[i], ys[i], zs[i])
xs[i + 1] = xs[i] + (x_dot * dt)
ys[i + 1] = ys[i] + (y_dot * dt)
zs[i + 1] = zs[i] + (z_dot * dt)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
ax.plot(xs, ys, zs, lw=0.5)
ax.set_xlabel("X Axis")
ax.set_ylabel("Y Axis")
ax.set_zlabel("Z Axis")
ax.set_title("Lorenz Attractor")
plt.show()
</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// add bootstrap table styles to pandoc tables
function bootstrapStylePandocTables() {
$('tr.header').parent('thead').parent('table').addClass('table table-condensed');
}
$(document).ready(function () {
bootstrapStylePandocTables();
});
</script>
<!-- dynamically load mathjax for compatibility with self-contained -->
<script>
(function () {
var script = document.createElement("script");
script.type = "text/javascript";
script.src = "https://mathjax.rstudio.com/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML";
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>