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add pgbouncer documentation in English and Chinese; update navigation links
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‎CN/modules/ROOT/nav.adoc‎

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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/wal2json.adoc[wal2json]
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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/pg_stat_monitor.adoc[pg_stat_monitor]
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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/pg_ai_query.adoc[pg_ai_query]
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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/pgbouncer.adoc[pgbouncer]
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* 监控运维
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** xref:master/getting-started/daily_monitoring.adoc[日常监控]
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** xref:master/getting-started/daily_maintenance.adoc[日常维护]

‎CN/modules/ROOT/pages/master/ecosystem_components/pgbouncer.adoc‎

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:sectnums:
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= PgBouncer
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== 概述
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PgBouncer 是轻量级连接池中间件，部署在应用层与数据库之间，通过复用后端连接来降低连接开销、保护数据库资源、提高应用并发性能。
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PgBouncer 使用标准 PostgreSQL 通信协议，IvorySQL 完全兼容该协议。
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*三种连接池模式：*
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[cols="1,2,2"]
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|===
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| 模式 | 说明 | 适用场景
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| session
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| 客户端连接期间独占一个后端连接
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| 需要过程内 COMMIT、完整会话特性
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| transaction
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| 每个事务结束后归还连接
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| 最常用，连接复用率最高
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| statement
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| 每条语句后归还连接
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| 限制最多，不支持显式事务
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|===
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== 安装
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[TIP]
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源码测试安装环境为 Ubuntu 24.04。
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=== 依赖
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[literal]
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----
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# Ubuntu / Debian
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sudo apt install libevent-dev libssl-dev pkg-config
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# RHEL / Rocky Linux
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sudo dnf install libevent-devel openssl-devel pkgconfig
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----
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=== 源码安装
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[literal]
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----
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git clone https://github.com/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.git
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cd pgbouncer
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./autogen.sh
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./configure \
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--prefix=/usr/ivory-5 \
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--with-openssl \
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--with-pam
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make -j4
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make install
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cp pgbouncer /usr/ivory-5/bin/
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----
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=== 验证安装
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[literal]
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----
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pgbouncer --version
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# PgBouncer 1.25.1
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# libevent 2.1.12-stable
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# tls: OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022
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----
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== 配置
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=== 连接 IvorySQL PG 模式（端口 5432）
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创建 `/etc/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.ini`：
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[literal]
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----
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[databases]
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postgres = host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 dbname=postgres
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[pgbouncer]
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listen_addr = 127.0.0.1
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listen_port = 6432
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auth_type = trust
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auth_file = /etc/pgbouncer/userlist.txt
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pool_mode = transaction
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max_client_conn = 200
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default_pool_size = 20
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logfile = /var/log/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.log
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pidfile = /var/run/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.pid
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----
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=== 连接 IvorySQL Oracle 兼容模式（端口 1521）
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[literal]
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----
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[databases]
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postgres = host=127.0.0.1 port=1521 dbname=postgres
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[pgbouncer]
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listen_addr = 127.0.0.1
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listen_port = 2521
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auth_type = trust
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auth_file = /etc/pgbouncer/userlist.txt
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# Oracle 兼容模式建议使用 session 模式
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pool_mode = session
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max_client_conn = 200
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default_pool_size = 20
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logfile = /var/log/pgbouncer/pgbouncer_oracle.log
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pidfile = /var/run/pgbouncer/pgbouncer_oracle.pid
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----
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=== 用户认证文件
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[literal]
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----
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# /etc/pgbouncer/userlist.txt
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# 格式："用户名" "密码"（trust 模式密码留空）
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"postgres" ""
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"app_user" "app_password"
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----
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=== 启动与停止
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[literal]
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----
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# 前台启动（调试）
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pgbouncer /etc/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.ini
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# 后台启动
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pgbouncer -d /etc/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.ini
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# 重载配置（不中断连接）
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kill -HUP $(cat /var/run/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.pid)
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# 停止
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kill -INT $(cat /var/run/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.pid)
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----
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== 使用
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=== 客户端连接
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通过 PgBouncer 连接与直连 IvorySQL 语法完全一致，只需修改端口：
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[literal]
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----
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# PG 模式（经由 PgBouncer）
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psql -U postgres -p 6432 -d postgres
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# Oracle 兼容模式（经由 PgBouncer）
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psql -U postgres -p 2521 -d postgres
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----
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=== 管理控制台
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PgBouncer 提供内置管理数据库：
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[literal]
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----
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psql -U postgres -p 6432 -d pgbouncer
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----
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[literal]
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----
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-- 查看连接池状态
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SHOW POOLS;
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-- 查看统计信息
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SHOW STATS;
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-- 查看客户端连接
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SHOW CLIENTS;
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-- 查看后端连接
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SHOW SERVERS;
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-- 重载配置
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RELOAD;
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----
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=== Oracle 兼容模式
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[literal]
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----
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-- 确认 Oracle 模式已激活
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SHOW ivorysql.compatible_mode;
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-- ivorysql.compatible_mode
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-- --------------------------
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-- oracle
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-- Oracle 数据类型与函数
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CREATE TABLE bouncer_test (
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id NUMBER(10) PRIMARY KEY,
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name VARCHAR2(100),
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hired DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE
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);
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INSERT INTO bouncer_test VALUES (1, 'Alice', SYSDATE);
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SELECT id,
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NVL(name, 'N/A') AS name,
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DECODE(id, 1, 'CEO', 'Staff') AS title,
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TO_CHAR(hired, 'YYYY-MM-DD') AS hire_date
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FROM bouncer_test;
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-- Oracle 序列
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CREATE SEQUENCE ora_seq START WITH 100 INCREMENT BY 10;
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SELECT ora_seq.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL; -- 100
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SELECT ora_seq.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL; -- 110
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SELECT ora_seq.CURRVAL FROM DUAL; -- 110
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----

‎EN/modules/ROOT/nav.adoc‎

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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/pg_ai_query.adoc[pg_ai_query]
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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/wal2json.adoc[wal2json]
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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/pg_stat_monitor.adoc[pg_stat_monitor]
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*** xref:master/ecosystem_components/pgbouncer.adoc[pgbouncer]
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* Monitor and O&M
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** xref:master/getting-started/daily_monitoring.adoc[Monitoring]
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** xref:master/getting-started/daily_maintenance.adoc[Maintenance]

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