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<article class="doc">
<h1 class="page"><strong>集群搭建</strong></h1>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="主节点"><a class="anchor" href="#主节点"></a>1. 主节点</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="安装并启动数据库"><a class="anchor" href="#安装并启动数据库"></a>1.1. 安装并启动数据库</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>yum源快速安装数据库，请参考<a href="getting-started/quick_start.html#从yum源安装ivorysql数据库" class="xref page">从yum源安装ivorysql数据库</a>。</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>想要获取更多安装方式，请参考<a href="installation_guide.html" class="xref page">安装指南</a>。</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
主节点数据库需要安装并<strong>启动</strong>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="关闭防火墙"><a class="anchor" href="#关闭防火墙"></a>1.2. 关闭防火墙</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>集群中各节点均需关闭防火墙才能正常通信。</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ sudo systemctl stop firewalld</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="配置文件"><a class="anchor" href="#配置文件"></a>1.3. 配置文件</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>为了从主节点向备节点搭建流复制，主节点需要对data目录下的postgresql.conf和pg_hba.conf两个文件进行配置。</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>postgresql.conf</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>将以下配置追加到postgresql.conf文件末尾：</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">listen_addresses = '*'
max_connections = 100
wal_level = replica
max_wal_senders = 5
hot_standby = on</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>pg_hba.conf</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>将以下配置追加到pg_hba.conf文件末尾：</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
host replication all 0.0.0.0/0 trust</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock caution">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-caution" title="Caution"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
示例中的pg_hba的配置，仅作为demo用来测试，这种配置会导致数据库密码失效，请根据环境实际情况进行配置
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="重启主节点数据库服务"><a class="anchor" href="#重启主节点数据库服务"></a>1.4. 重启主节点数据库服务</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ pg_ctl restart</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="备节点"><a class="anchor" href="#备节点"></a>2. 备节点</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="安装数据库"><a class="anchor" href="#安装数据库"></a>2.1. 安装数据库</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Yum源快速安装数据库，请参考<a href="getting-started/quick_start.html#从yum源安装ivorysql数据库" class="xref page">从yum源安装ivorysql数据库</a>。</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>想要获取更多安装方式，请参考<a href="installation_guide.html" class="xref page">安装指南</a>。</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
备节点数据库只需要安装，<strong>不需要启动</strong>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="关闭防火墙-2"><a class="anchor" href="#关闭防火墙-2"></a>2.2. 关闭防火墙</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>集群中各节点均需关闭防火墙才能正常通信。</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ sudo systemctl stop firewalld</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="搭建流复制"><a class="anchor" href="#搭建流复制"></a>2.3. 搭建流复制</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>在备节点上执行以下命令，创建一个主节点的基础备份，即搭建流复制：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ sudo pg_basebackup -F p -P -X fetch -R -h <primary_ip> -p <primary_port> -U ivorysql -D /usr/local/ivorysql/ivorysql-5/data</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>-h为主节点ip；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>-p为主节点数据库端口号，默认为5432；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>-U为数据库用户；</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>-D为要创建的备节点数据库数据目录。</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>其他参数使用方法，请使用pg_basebackup --help命令获取。</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="配置环境变量"><a class="anchor" href="#配置环境变量"></a>2.4. 配置环境变量</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>将以下配置写入~/.bash_profile文件：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">PATH=/usr/local/ivorysql/ivorysql-5/bin:$PATH
export PATH
PGDATA=/usr/local/ivorysql/ivorysql-5/data
export PGDATA</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>source该文件使环境变量生效：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ source ~/.bash_profile</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="启动备节点数据库服务"><a class="anchor" href="#启动备节点数据库服务"></a>2.5. 启动备节点数据库服务</h3>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ pg_ctl -D /usr/local/ivorysql/ivorysql-5/data start</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="集群的使用"><a class="anchor" href="#集群的使用"></a>3. 集群的使用</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="查看集群状态"><a class="anchor" href="#查看集群状态"></a>3.1. 查看集群状态</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>在主节点上执行以下命令可以看到walsender：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ ps -ef |grep postgres
...
ivorysql 11176 8067 0 21:54 ? 00:00:00 postgres: walsender ivorysql 192.168.31.102(53416) streaming 0/7000060...</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>而备节点则可看到walreceiver：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ ps -ef | grep postgres
...
ivorysql 6567 6139 0 21:54 ? 00:00:00 postgres: walreceiver streaming 0/7000060
...</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>在主节点上psql连接数据库，并查看集群状态：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ psql -d ivorysql
psql (18.0)
Type "help" for help.
ivorysql=# select * from pg_stat_replication;
pid | usesysid | usename | application_name | client_addr | client_hostname | client_port | backend_start | backend_
xmin | state | sent_lsn | write_lsn | flush_lsn | replay_lsn | write_lag | flush_lag | replay_lag | sync_priority | sync_state |
reply_time
-------+----------+----------+------------------+----------------+-----------------+-------------+-------------------------------+---------
-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+------------+---------------+------------+------
-------------------------
11176 | 10 | ivorysql | walreceiver | 192.168.31.102 | | 53416 | 2024-12-18 21:54:52.041847-05 |
| streaming | 0/7000148 | 0/7000148 | 0/7000148 | 0/7000148 | | | | 0 | async | 2024-
12-18 22:52:07.325111-05
(1 row)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>这里192.168.31.102为备节点的ip，async表示数据同步方式为异步流复制。
=== 使用集群
集群中所有的写操作均在主节点执行，读操作则主备节点都可以执行。主节点的数据通过流复制同步到备节点。主节点写操作的结果在任何一个备节点都能够查询到。
例如，在主节点创建一个新的数据库test，并在主节点进行查询：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ psql -d ivorysql
psql (18.0)
Type "help" for help.
ivorysql=# create database test;
CREATE DATABASE
ivorysql=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Locale Provider | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | ICU Rules | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------------------
ivorysql | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | |
template0 | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | | =c/ivorysql +
| | | | | | | | ivorysql=CTc/ivorysql
template1 | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | | =c/ivorysql +
| | | | | | | | ivorysql=CTc/ivorysql
test | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | |
(4 rows)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>在备节点查询：</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-asciidoc hljs" data-lang="asciidoc">$ psql -d ivorysql
psql (18.0)
Type "help" for help.
ivorysql=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Locale Provider | Collate | Ctype | ICU Locale | ICU Rules | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------------------
ivorysql | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | |
template0 | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | | =c/ivorysql +
| | | | | | | | ivorysql=CTc/ivorysql
template1 | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | | =c/ivorysql +
| | | | | | | | ivorysql=CTc/ivorysql
test | ivorysql | UTF8 | libc | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | | |
(4 rows)</code></pre>
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