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Level-0/00-Tools-of-the-Trade/Glossary.md

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# Glossary
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* `ACSII`
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* `ASCII`
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- American Standard Code of Information Interexchange.
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This is a standard for encoding letters and numbers. Computers do not understand letters *or* numbers.
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one atom to another atom, bumping off an electron, that then bumps off the next electron, etc. is `electricity`.
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Electricity is pretty useful stuff. It can create heat and light, it can add functionality to just about
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anything. Anything from super-computers to toasters can use electricity to perform tasks.
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* `Element`
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- A single part of a larger group. In the case of HTML, an element represents a section of the document. Each element
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is an object contained within the document object. These have properties and methods just like any object. These are used
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to configure the page to look and behave as the developer wishes. The term `element` is used to refer to any part
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a larger whole.
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* `Else Statement`
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- A programming conditional that directs the computer to execute an alternative action in the event that the
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previous statement evaluates to false. It goes like this, *"If this thing is true, do a thing, else do the other
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thing"*
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* `elsif`
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- An alternative to `else if`. It is a conditional statement meaning that if a given statement is true, a function
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is performed.
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* `Encapsulation`
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- The idea of grouping together data and methods that work with that data within a single structure. Encapsulation
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also hides data within it that is not needed in order to use the structure itself. In other words, you don't need to
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know how a toaster works in order to toast a piece of bread, you just need to know how to put the bread in and push
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down the handle. The parts that do the work inside the
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toaster could be said to be `encapsulated`.
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* `Enter key`
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- Also known as the `Return key`. This key is used to initiate actions on the computer or to move the cursor to the
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next line. It is usually located at the end of the middle
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row of letters on the ketboard.
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* `Entry`
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- Data entered into a field on a webpage form, spreadsheet, or database.
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* `Environment`
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- The "area" in which a computer program is running or the "area" in which code is being written. It includes all
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the stuff you need to write a computer program. For example, if you want to write a JavaScript program without using
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a browser, then you need to use the Node.js environment. This environment provides libraries for your use and an
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interpreter to parse your code and run it. All of these things combined constitute a computing "environment". You could
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think of it as an individual "world". When writing
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JavaScript outside the browser you have to go to "JavaScript World". That world is called Node.js. You can download
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this world to your computer. Then when you need to write JavaScript outside of the browser you can "got to the
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planet Node.js" and write whatever you need to. Once you
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have Node.js on your system it is very easy to use this environment. You can take an ordinary text file, give it
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a name (make sure to include the `.js` suffix to your
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filename), write your code, then execute that code in the terminal by typing "node name-of-your-file.js".
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Boom! It runs!
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* `Environment Variable`
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