This presentation illustrates the vision of Open Educational Ressources and its application on LiaScript. The document was used during a tutorial at eLearning Africa on 10th Mai 2022.
The sources of the presentation can be found at Link zu finden.
Sebastian Zug, André Dietrich
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science
TU Bergakademie Freiberg
sebastian.zug@informatik.tu-freiberg.de
{0-5}{Teachers want to realize motivating, interactive teaching materials.}
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Beispiele:
- [[male (der)] (female [die]) [neuter (das)]]
- [ [X] [ ] [ ] ] Mann - German for man
- [ ( ) (X) ( ) ] Frau - German for woman
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Strategy strategy 1: I do everything myself
- The teacher has to think about all the content herself/himself
- The teacher has to face significant technical challenges
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Solution strategy 2: I use materials from other teachers.
- The optimal alignment with my own didactic goals is missing.
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Obviously, hybrid approaches - use and adaptation - are required! Can these requirements be further specified?
Open Courseware / Open Educational Resources ... teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise,that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or 4 limited restrictions. Open licensing is built within the existing framework of intellectual property rights as defined by relevant international conventions and respects the authorship of the work
-- UNESCO 2002 Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries (Link)
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| requirement | meaning |
|---|---|
storing/copying |
downloading, storing and copying |
use |
use in learning context |
process |
transformation |
adapting/mixing |
extraction and combination |
disseminate |
(digital) publication |
Definition of OER according to 5V Modell described by Jöran Muuß-Merholz und Jörg Lohrer für open-educational-ressources
OER can be the trigger for innovation and new forms of learning in the 21st century.
-- Translation from Handreichung OER - Der Einstieg in den Umgang mit Open Educational Ressources, Bericht des Projektes OERsax, 2018
Version 1.0 Version 1.1
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
| Course German Literatur | | Course German Literature |
| Authors John Muster | "Error" | Authors John Muster |
| |-------> | Angelika Maier |----->
|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|
| In 1756 Goethe visited |---. | In 1786 Goethe visited |--.
| Italy ... | | | Italy ... | |
| |
| | +----------------------------+
| | | Course Deutsche Literatur |
| | | Authors John Muster |
| .--> | Angelika Maier |
| | Steve Gray |
| |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|
| | 1786 reiste Goethe nach |
| | Italien ... |
| Version 1.0
| +---------------------------+
| | Course Goethe & Schiller |
| | Authors John Muster |
.--> | Angelika Maier |----->
|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|
| The correspondence during |
| the Italian journey ... |
Versions of the teaching content of a course and its reuse in other courses.
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| requirement | txt | |
|---|---|---|
storing/copying |
++ | advantageous because of small size |
use |
++ | analog / digital distribution to students uncomplicated |
process |
++ | processable without additional software |
adapting/mixing |
++ | simple combination of text fragments via copy&paste |
disseminate |
++ | easily exportable |
A pure text file can cover all ideas of OER? Obviously our list of requirements is not complete.
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he 5V definition ...
1. ... focuses on the Open in OER but leaves aside the Education.
_2. ... ignores the need for a version management system.
3. ... does not consider the findability of OER content.
| requirement | txt | |
|---|---|---|
storing/copying |
++ | advantageous because of small size |
use |
+ | analog / digital distribution to students uncomplicated |
process |
++ | processable without additional software |
adapting/mixing |
++ | simple combination of text fragments via copy&paste |
disseminate |
++ | easily exportable |
| manage / version | ?? | |
| motivate | -- | no contemporary formats and interactive content |
Obviously, we need formats that cover the extended set of requirements in addition to the positive aspects of text representations.
Can Wikipedia be the inspiration for OER?
| Aspect | Wikipedia - Solution | Disadvantage |
|---|---|---|
| search | one instance of an article directly retrievable | no different expressions possible for one topic. |
| tools | integrated editor based on a Markdown dialect | strong limitation of possibilities to structured texts, formulas, images |
| quality | sophisticated review system with experts, version data collection and comparison | |
| visibility | authorship visible in version history |
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Types of files labeled with "OER" on TU Bergakademie's servers:
| Dateityp | Anzahl | ratio |
|---|---|---|
pdf |
5242 | 0.494995 |
jpg |
1040 | 0.098206 |
mkv |
873 | 0.082436 |
mp4 |
586 | 0.055335 |
png |
494 | 0.046648 |
zip |
443 | 0.041832 |
html |
387 | 0.036544 |
docx |
376 | 0.035505 |
pptx |
245 | 0.023135 |
xlsx |
191 | 0.018036 |
The materials in OPAL come predominantly without licenses and as closed file format. A reuse is accordingly only with difficulty possible.
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| Level | Core Statement |
|---|---|
| Emotional classification | "Everyone can use my work for themselves!" |
| "Anyone can control me!" | |
| Legal Challenges | "I use a lot of graphics whose copyright I am unsure of at best!" |
| Findability | "I can't find content that I can profitably integrate into my teaching!" |
| Effort | "You must have studied computer science!" |
| Coverage | "But there are missing interfaces for my tools XY!" |
OER Materials must ...
- be transformable to enable reuse. (Process/Use/Disseminate).
- contain metadata to be discoverable. (Disseminate)
- embed an systematic version history (Manage).
+---------------------+
| # Digital Systeme V1|\
+--------------------+ +-+
| # Digital Systeme |\
+------------------+ +-+
| # Digital Systems|\ .-----------.
| (SoSe 2021) +-+ ╔══════| LMS X |══════╗
| | --------------------------> ║ '-----------' ║
| ## Task 1 | ║ Digital Systems 2021 ║
| | ║ ║
| + Implement ... | --------------+ ║ import numpy as np ║
| | Trans- | ║ ... ║
| | formation | ╚═════════════════════════╝
+--------------------+ v
.-,( ),-. .-----------.
License: ... .-( )-. ╔══════| LMS Y |══════╗
Content: ... ( OER Cloud ) ║ '-----------' ║
Author: ... '-( )-' +-->║ Digital Systems 2021 ║
Versions: ... '-.( ).-' | ║ ║
| |
+----------+ .-----------.
| ╔══════| Webapp |══════╗
| ║ '-----------' ║
+-->║ Digital Systems 2021 ║
║ ║
Transformation of OER materials for use in various LMSs.
-> Course overview of the Software Development and Robotics working group on GitHub.
Results:
- a "we" idea emerges from collaboration on materials in the context of a core team.
- bugs are weeded out much faster than in years past. "Short-term" quality increases.
- interaction between teachers and students increases - "Shouldn't we explain it better this way... ".
- the understanding about distributed development develops very positively, even the non-computer science students are able to deal with the methods.