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‎docs/handbook/programming-guide/basic-experiment-structure.md‎

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This section outlines the basic structure and components used in most experiments.
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1. **[Assigment to Condition and/or Version](counterbalence.md)**
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One of the first things that needs to be done is assiging participants to a condition(s) and/or counterbalance version(s). This is done first, because it will determine which tasks the participant does, the order of those tasks, and which stimuli they see.
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One of the first things that needs to be done is assiging participants to a condition(s) and/or counterbalance version(s). This is done first, because it will determine which tasks the participant does, the order of those tasks, and which stimuli they see.
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2. **[Consent Form (online only)](materials/#consent.md)**
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Participants must give consent prior to starting the experiment. For online experiments, you will need to present a consent page that shows the participants the consent form and asks them if they agree to participate.
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2. **[Consent Form (online only)](materials.md#consent.md)**
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Participants must give consent prior to starting the experiment. For online experiments, you will need to present a consent page that shows the participants the consent form and asks them if they agree to participate.
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3. **[Start Screen](starting.md)**
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You will want a start/welcome screen that appears before the first page of the experiment's instructions. For in-person studies, this page will welcome participants and ask them to wait for experimenter to give them instructions before beginning. For online studies, this page asks participants to remove distractions and silence their cellphones before starting.
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You will want a start/welcome screen that appears before the first page of the experiment's instructions. For in-person studies, this page will welcome participants and ask them to wait for experimenter to give them instructions before beginning. For online studies, this page asks participants to remove distractions and silence their cellphones before starting.
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4. **[Instructions & Materials](materials.md)**
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Throughout the experiment you will present participants with various information (e.g., instructions, stimuli, and debriefing forms). It is best to store and organize this information in a single folder that can be accessed when needed.
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Throughout the experiment you will present participants with various information (e.g., instructions, stimuli, and debriefing forms). It is best to store and organize this information in a single folder that can be accessed when needed.
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5. **[Timeline](timeline.md)**
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The timeline provides structure to your experiment. Each block of code will create an event (e.g., instructions for a task, presentation of the study list, a free recall test, etc.) for the participant to experience. You will use the timeline to specify when each event should occur during the experiment.
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The timeline provides structure to your experiment. Each block of code will create an event (e.g., instructions for a task, presentation of the study list, a free recall test, etc.) for the participant to experience. You will use the timeline to specify when each event should occur during the experiment.
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6. **[Plugins](plugins.md)**
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Plugins are used to create experimental events/trials. The let you define what the participant sees, what type of responses can be made, how long a page is presented for, what information about a trial is saved (stored in the data file), and more. They are used to handle:
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6. **[Plugins](plugins.md)**
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Plugins are used to create experimental events/trials. The let you define what the participant sees, what type of responses can be made, how long a page is presented for, what information about a trial is saved (stored in the data file), and more. They are used to handle:
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- **[Stimuli Presentation](study-list.md)**
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Presenting stimuli to participants is a key part of any experiment. Sometimes we will simply show participants a series of words to learn and remember for a later test. Other times, we will shown participants an item and ask them to make a response (e.g., type an answer to a question or make a rating).
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- **[Stimuli Presentation](study-list.md)**
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Presenting stimuli to participants is a key part of any experiment. Sometimes we will simply show participants a series of words to learn and remember for a later test. Other times, we will shown participants an item and ask them to make a response (e.g., type an answer to a question or make a rating).
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- **[Distractor Task](distractor.md)**
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We will often include a distractor task in between encoding/study (presentation of stimuli) and the final test.
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- **[Distractor Task](distractor.md)**
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We will often include a distractor task in between encoding/study (presentation of stimuli) and the final test.
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- **Tests & Tasks**
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- **Tests & Tasks**
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Most experiments include at least one measurement of the participants performance (usually memory) including:
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- [Free Recall](free-recall.md)
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- [Cued Recall](cued-recall.md)
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- Recognition
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- Multiple Choice
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- Judgement of Learning (JoL)
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- **Demographics**
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- [Free Recall](free-recall.md)
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- [Cued Recall](cued-recall.md)
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- Recognition
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- Multiple Choice
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- Judgement of Learning (JoL)
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- **Demographics**
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At the end of an experiment you will want to collect demographic information about the participant. Usually age, first language, and gender.
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```js
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const demographics = {
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type: "pcllab-form",
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demographics: true,
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data: {
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phase: "demographics",
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},
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};
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```
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- **Attention, Seriousness, & Cheating Checks**
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```js
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const demographics = {
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type: "pcllab-form",
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demographics: true,
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data: {
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phase: "demographics",
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},
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};
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```
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- **Attention, Seriousness, & Cheating Checks**
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Especially for online experiments, you may wish to ask the participant if they cheated, paid attention, and answered honestly. Be sure to explain why this is important to us and that they will not be penalized if they report that they did cheat, weren't paying attention, and/or didn't answer honestly.
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- **[Debrief](materials/#debrief.md)**
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- **[Debrief](materials.md#debrief.md)**
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The final page of the experiment will be the debrief form. For online experiments participants will be redirected to either SONA or mTurk from here.
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7. **[Save Data](saving-data.md)**
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When participants reach the end of the experiment (i.e., are shown th debrief form) you will want to save their data to Jarvis. If you are running the experiment in-person you may also want to save a backup CSV file.
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When participants reach the end of the experiment (i.e., are shown th debrief form) you will want to save their data to Jarvis. If you are running the experiment in-person you may also want to save a backup CSV file.

‎docs/handbook/programming-guide/materials.md‎

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It is best to store the materials for each experiment in one place (i.e., a folder titled "materials"). You will update these materials for each new experiment. This way, you will have to make fewer changes to the basic experiment structure/logic and your `experiment.js` file will be more clean and concise.
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These files will often be [JSON files](file-types/#JSON.md) but they can also be HTML files. You will need to load these in `experiment.js` make accessible.
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These files will often be [JSON files](file-types.md#JSON.md) but they can also be HTML files. You will need to load these in `experiment.js` make accessible.
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```js
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...inside experiment.js
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const EXPERIMENT_FILES = {
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const EXPERIMENT_FILES = {
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INSTRUCTIONS: "materials/instructions.json",
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STIMULI: "materials/stimuli.json",
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CONSENT: "materials/consent.html",
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).then(
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$.getJSON(constants.CONSENT, (data) =>{
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self.consent = data;
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})
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})
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).then(
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$.getJSON(constants.DEBRIEF, (data) =>{
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self.debrief = data;
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...rest of class Experiment
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}
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```
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## Consent
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For all experiments, participant will need to give their informed consent (or, if they are under 18, assent) before they can participate. For in-lab studies we use signed consent forms (paper copies).
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For all experiments, participant will need to give their informed consent (or, if they are under 18, assent) before they can participate. For in-lab studies we use signed consent forms (paper copies).
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For online studies, this form is shown at the start of the experiment. If the participant agrees to participate then they can continue, if not the program ends.
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<br>
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<h4>Key Information</h4>
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<p>Please take time to review this information carefully. This is a research study. Your participation in this study is voluntary which means that you may choose not to participate at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled. You may ask questions to the researchers about the study whenever you would like. If you decide to take part in the study, you will be asked to sign this form, be sure you understand what you will do and any possible risks or benefits. <br>
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This experiment is part of an ongoing, multi-year project examining the effectiveness of different learning and study strategies. The overall purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of different study techniques on learning. Your participation will take no more than 60 minutes. Additional explanations may be more detailed in the sections below.</p>
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<p>Please take time to review this information carefully. This is a research study. Your participation in this study is voluntary which means that you may choose not to participate at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled. You may ask questions to the researchers about the study whenever you would like. If you decide to take part in the study, you will be asked to sign this form, be sure you understand what you will do and any possible risks or benefits. <br>
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This experiment is part of an ongoing, multi-year project examining the effectiveness of different learning and study strategies. The overall purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of different study techniques on learning. Your participation will take no more than 60 minutes. Additional explanations may be more detailed in the sections below.</p>
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<h4>What is the purpose of this study?</h4>
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<p>The overall purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of different study techniques on learning. We would like to enroll 700 people in this experiment.</p>
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<p>Please print a copy of this consent document for your records.</p>
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<p>Please click the box below to indicate if you understand this document and consent to participate in this research study:</p>
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```
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</details>
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## Instructions
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It is best to have all or most of your instruction pages organized in a single JSON file.
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It is best to have all or most of your instruction pages organized in a single JSON file.
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```json
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// materials/instruction.json
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}
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You can then add the each set of text (i.e., each page of instructions) into the relevant part of your timeline.
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You can then add the each set of text (i.e., each page of instructions) into the relevant part of your timeline.
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```js
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## Stimuli
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This is whatever the participant is given to learn/study/respond to etc. Stimuli are often text (e.g., a list of words, cue-target pairs, a text passage), but they can also be pictures (.jpg or .pgn), videos (.mp4) or audio clips (.wav). Regardless of their type, you should organize them in a JSON file(s). [Mr. Data Converter](http://shancarter.github.io/mr-data-converter/){target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"} is an excellent tool for converting CSV files into JSON files (or other file types).
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This is whatever the participant is given to learn/study/respond to etc. Stimuli are often text (e.g., a list of words, cue-target pairs, a text passage), but they can also be pictures (.jpg or .pgn), videos (.mp4) or audio clips (.wav). Regardless of their type, you should organize them in a JSON file(s). [Mr. Data Converter](http://shancarter.github.io/mr-data-converter/){target="\_blank" rel="noreferrer"} is an excellent tool for converting CSV files into JSON files (or other file types).
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```json
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// materials/stimuli.json
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[{"Questions":"Is this unicolored?","Picture_Name":"Pepper","Picture_Source":"Materials/Pictures/Practice/pepper.jpg","Correct_Answer":"Yes"},
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{"Questions":"Is this inanimate?","Picture_Name":"Crab","Picture_Source":"Materials/Pictures/Practice/crab.jpg","Correct_Answer":"No"},
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{"Questions":"Is this multicolored?","Picture_Name":"Cheese","Picture_Source":"Materials/Pictures/Practice/cheese.jpg","Correct_Answer":"No"},
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{"Questions":"Is this animate?","Picture_Name":"Bee","Picture_Source":"Materials/Pictures/Practice/bee.jpg","Correct_Answer":"Yes"},
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{"Questions":"Is this symmetrical?","Picture_Name":"Teapot","Picture_Source":"Materials/Pictures/Practice/teapot.jpg","Correct_Answer":"No"},
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{"Questions":"Is this manmade?","Picture_Name":"Train","Picture_Source":"Materials/Pictures/Practice/train.jpg","Correct_Answer":"Yes"}]
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[
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{
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"Questions": "Is this unicolored?",
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"Picture_Name": "Pepper",
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"Picture_Source": "Materials/Pictures/Practice/pepper.jpg",
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"Correct_Answer": "Yes"
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},
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{
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"Questions": "Is this inanimate?",
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"Picture_Name": "Crab",
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"Picture_Source": "Materials/Pictures/Practice/crab.jpg",
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"Correct_Answer": "No"
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},
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{
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"Questions": "Is this multicolored?",
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"Picture_Name": "Cheese",
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"Picture_Source": "Materials/Pictures/Practice/cheese.jpg",
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"Correct_Answer": "No"
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},
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{
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"Questions": "Is this animate?",
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"Picture_Name": "Bee",
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"Picture_Source": "Materials/Pictures/Practice/bee.jpg",
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"Correct_Answer": "Yes"
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},
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{
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"Questions": "Is this symmetrical?",
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"Picture_Name": "Teapot",
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"Picture_Source": "Materials/Pictures/Practice/teapot.jpg",
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"Correct_Answer": "No"
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},
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{
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"Questions": "Is this manmade?",
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"Picture_Name": "Train",
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"Picture_Source": "Materials/Pictures/Practice/train.jpg",
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"Correct_Answer": "Yes"
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Find information about presenting stimuli [here](study-list.md).
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## Debrief
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<p><strong>2. Is this correlational or experimental research?</strong> <br>
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The study you participated in represents experimental research. The independent variable we manipulated was the study technique you engaged in (e.g., repeated studying vs. repeated retrieval), and the dependent variable we are interested in is your performance on a final test. We predict that practicing repeated retrieval will produce better retention than repeated studying. </p>
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<p><strong>3. What topic in introductory psychology does this research illustrate?</strong> <br>
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The current research falls within the general area of human learning and memory. For an overview of research on human memory, see Chapter 8 in Nairne’s <i>Psychology: The Adaptive Mind (4th Edition)</i>, Chapter 9 in Meyers’
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<i>Psychology (8th Edition)</i>, or Chapter 9 in Gray’s <i>Psychology (5th Edition)</i>. Another excellent book covering current research on human memory is <i>The Seven Sins of Memory</i>, by Dan Schacter. </p>
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If you are interested in learning more about retrieval practice, here are two relevant references: <br>
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<p> Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2007). Repeated retrieval during learning is the key to long-term retention. <i>Journal of Memory and Language, 57</i>, 151-162.<br></p>
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<p> Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. <i>Science, 319</i>, 966-968.</p>
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<p><strong>5. Which faculty member is supervising this research and how can I contact her/him?</strong> <br>
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Dr. Jeffrey Karpicke, a professor in cognitive psychology, is supervising this research. You may reach him at (765) 494-0273, via email at karpicke@purdue.edu, or in room PRCE 389.
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<p><strong>A lot of research in psychology depends on the participation of individuals like you. We are very grateful for your help. Thank you very much for participating.</p>
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```
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</details>
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</details>

‎docs/joinus/graduate.md‎

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# Graduate Applications: Frequently Asked Questions
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Thank you for your interest in graduate studies in our laboratory. Here are answers to frequently asked questions we receive from applicants.
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Thank you for your interest in graduate studies in our laboratory. Here are answers to frequently asked questions we receive from applicants.
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Q: Are you recruiting this year?
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Q: Can you tell me about your current research directions?
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A: The best way to learn about our current research is by looking at our recent [publications](../../publications/){target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"} and [projects](../../projects/){target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"} on our website.
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A: The best way to learn about our current research is by looking at our recent [publications](../publications.md){target="\_blank" rel="noreferrer"} and [projects](../projects.md){target="\_blank" rel="noreferrer"} on our website.
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A: Here are links to the [Psychological Sciences Department](https://hhs.purdue.edu/psy/){target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"} and the [Cognitive Psychology graduate program](https://www.purdue.edu/hhs/psy/graduate/graduate_training_areas/cognitive_psychology/index.html){target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"}.
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A: Here are links to the [Psychological Sciences Department](https://hhs.purdue.edu/psy/){target="\_blank" rel="noreferrer"} and the [Cognitive Psychology graduate program](https://www.purdue.edu/hhs/psy/graduate/graduate_training_areas/cognitive_psychology/index.html){target="\_blank" rel="noreferrer"}.
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<br><br>

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