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Practice in Termanial

Bash Command Line Tutorials

The Command Line

  • A command line, or terminal, is a text based interface to the system. You are able to enter commands by typing them on the keyboard and feedback will be given to you similarly as text

  • The command line typically presents you with a prompt. As you type, it will be displayed after the prompt. Most of the time you will be issuing commands

  • Options are usually listed before other arguments and typically start with a dash ( - )

  • (for me) If you're on a Mac then you'll find the program Terminal under Applications -> Utilities. An easy way to get to it is the key combination 'command + space' which will bring up Spotlight, then start typing Terminal and it will soon show up.

  • shell-part of the operating system that defines how the terminal will behave and looks after running (or executing) commands for you

  • bash- most common shell which stands for, 'Bourne Again Shell'

  • Shortcuts-entered commands are stored in your history. using the up and down keys you can select from your history, you can also edit by using the left/right keys to move the cursor.

Basic Navigation

  • PWD-(pwd) Print Working directory, shows current working directory
  • LS-(ls) short for list, shows whats in the directory
  • (-l) long listing
  • (-) normal file (d) directory
  • (/etc) tells (ls) not to list current directory but to list that directory's contents
  • 2 types of paths: absolute-A file or directory location relative to where we currently are in the file system and relative-A file or directory location in relation to the root of the file system
  • (tidle) shortcut to home directory
  • (dot) reference to current directory
  • (dotdot) reference to parent directory
  • Tab completion auto complete action

More About Files

  • types of extentions: .exe(executable), .txt(plain text), .png .gif .jpg(image)
  • Linux is case sesitive
  • use quotes ('') for file names with spaces
  • backslash ( \ ) escape (or nullify) the special meaning of the next character

Manual Pages

  • manual pages are a set of pages that explain every command available on your system including what they do, the specifics of how you run them and what command line arguments they accept
  • invoke command by : man <command to look up>
  • search withing manual pages by : man -k<search term>
  • list all directory entries (including hidden files) we can use the option -a or --all

File Manipulation

  • to make a directory mkdir [options] <Directory>
  • examples of options to make a directory mkdir /home/ryan/foo mkdir ./blah mkdir ../dir1 mkdir ~/linuxtutorialwork/dir2
  • -p which tells mkdir to make parent directories as needed
  • -v which makes mkdir tell us what it is doing
  • remove directory rmdir [options] <Directory>
  • creating a blank file touch [options] <filename>
  • to copy file or directory cp [options] <source> <destination>
  • move file or directory mv [options] <source> <destination>
  • rename file or directory: specify the destination to be the same directory as the source, but with a different name using the mv option
  • remove file and non empty directory rm [options] <file>

Cheat Sheet

  • link to the cheat sheet above, as well in my notes