diff --git a/src/labels.i18n.ts b/src/labels.i18n.ts
index 71781d8f..2d7e8969 100644
--- a/src/labels.i18n.ts
+++ b/src/labels.i18n.ts
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ export const labelsText = messages(
     notSent: {
       denied: "规则拒绝",
       unavailable: "无可用上游",
+      model: "模型不可用",
+      unrouted: "未能路由",
       limited: "用量上限",
       busy: "并发已满",
       throttled: "上游限流中",
@@ -199,6 +201,8 @@ export const labelsText = messages(
     notSent: {
       denied: "Denied",
       unavailable: "No upstream",
+      model: "Model unavailable",
+      unrouted: "Not routed",
       limited: "Usage limit",
       busy: "At capacity",
       throttled: "Rate limited",
diff --git a/src/requestRouting.test.ts b/src/requestRouting.test.ts
index f47b1d3e..f5d67990 100644
--- a/src/requestRouting.test.ts
+++ b/src/requestRouting.test.ts
@@ -62,6 +62,21 @@ describe("没有发往任何上游的请求", () => {
     expect(notSent({ provider: "", error: { code: "gw.route.all_selected_disabled", args: {}, text: "" } })).toBe("unavailable");
   });
 
+  it("模型过不了准入的、没选出去向的：各是一种，gw.models.* 不算模型的", () => {
+    const m = (code: string) => ({ provider: "", error: { code, args: {}, text: "" } });
+    expect(notSent(m("gw.model.unknown"))).toBe("model");
+    expect(notSent(m("gw.model.not_allowed_rewritten"))).toBe("model");
+    expect(notSent(m("gw.ws.alias_unserved"))).toBe("model");
+    expect(notSent(m("gw.models.empty"))).toBe("unavailable");
+    expect(notSent(m("gw.model.no_upstream_available"))).toBe("unavailable");
+    expect(notSent(m("gw.route.failed"))).toBe("unrouted");
+    expect(notSent(m("gw.config.no_upstreams"))).toBe("unrouted");
+    const err = { code: "gw.model.unknown", args: { model: "claude-x" }, text: "" };
+    const f = routingFacts(row({ rule: "", attempts: [] }, { provider: "", error: err }), false)!;
+    expect(f.reason).toEqual({ msg: err });
+    expect(f.note).toEqual({ kind: "model" });
+  });
+
   it("密钥的用量上限拒绝的：上游是空的，失败的那一句是 gw.key_limit.*", () => {
     expect(notSent({ provider: "", error: limited })).toBe("limited");
     expect(notSent({ provider: "", error: { ...limited, code: "gw.key_limit.requests_rolling" } })).toBe("limited");
diff --git a/src/requestRouting.ts b/src/requestRouting.ts
index 3b4b4e7b..1c0aa7fa 100644
--- a/src/requestRouting.ts
+++ b/src/requestRouting.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@ const DENIED = "gw.route.denied";
 const KEY_LIMIT = "gw.key_limit.";
 /** 能服务的上游都满着、等过了也没空出位置：`gw.busy_all {upstreams}` */
 const BUSY_ALL = "gw.busy_all";
+/**
+ * 模型过不了准入时 core 说的那几句：`gw.model.*`（写错了、没有上游提供、密钥不让用、别名或
+ * 指定模型对不上），WebSocket 一轮里别名对不上的是 `gw.ws.alias_unserved*`。注意不是
+ * `gw.models.*`（那是查模型清单的）。`gw.model.no_upstream_available` 也不算：那是规则选中的
+ * 上游都不提供这个模型，归「无可用上游」
+ */
+const MODEL = ["gw.model.", "gw.ws.alias_unserved"];
+const SELECTED_CANNOT_SERVE = "gw.model.no_upstream_available";
+/** 规则还没做出决定（没有一条命中、求不了值），或者一个上游都还没配 */
+const UNROUTED: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["gw.route.failed", "gw.config.no_upstreams"]);
 /**
  * 能服务的上游都暂时发不出去、等到期限也没有一家恢复：都在限流暂停（`gw.wait.rate_limited`）、
  * 都到了分钟或小时的用量上限（`gw.wait.window_full`）、都用完了天周月的用量上限
@@ -29,6 +39,8 @@ const WAIT: Record<string, NotSent> = {
  *
  * · `denied`：规则拒绝了它（选定上游之前）
  * · `unavailable`：规则选中的上游一个都接不了（停用、不在范围内、不提供这个模型）
+ * · `model`：请求的模型过不了准入（名字写错了、没有上游提供、密钥不让用）
+ * · `unrouted`：没有为它选出去向（没有规则命中、规则求不了值、还没配上游）
  * · `limited`：这把网关密钥的用量上限拒绝了它（选定上游之后、发出之前）
  * · `busy`：能服务它的上游都满着（各自的并发上限），等过了也没空出位置
  * · `throttled`：能服务它的上游都因 429 暂停着，等过了也没恢复
@@ -39,15 +51,22 @@ const WAIT: Record<string, NotSent> = {
  *
  * **上游是空的就是没有发往任何上游**：core 只在请求一个上游都不会去时把上游记成空的
  * （本地应答另有 `local`）。是哪一种看失败的那一句：规则拒绝的是 `gw.route.denied`，
- * 用量上限的是 `gw.key_limit.*`，其余是选中的上游接不了。
+ * 用量上限的是 `gw.key_limit.*`，模型的是 `gw.model.*`，没选出去向的是 `gw.route.failed`、
+ * `gw.config.no_upstreams`，其余是选中的上游接不了。
  *
  * **`busy` 的上游不是空的**：那一行归在尝试链的最后一跳，也就是最后看过、满着的那一家。
  * 可那一家一个字节都没收到，结局也不是它的失败 —— 这一格写「并发已满」，不写它的名字
  */
-export type NotSent = "denied" | "unavailable" | "limited" | "busy" | "throttled" | "full" | "timeout";
-
-/** 等过了、没有一家上游接下的那几种：上游那一格不是空的，也不写它的名字 */
-const WAITED_OUT: ReadonlySet<NotSent> = new Set(["busy", "throttled", "full", "timeout"]);
+export type NotSent =
+  | "denied"
+  | "unavailable"
+  | "model"
+  | "unrouted"
+  | "limited"
+  | "busy"
+  | "throttled"
+  | "full"
+  | "timeout";
 
 export function notSent(r: { local?: boolean; provider: string; error?: Msg | null }): NotSent | null {
   if (r.local || !r.error) return null;
@@ -55,8 +74,11 @@ export function notSent(r: { local?: boolean; provider: string; error?: Msg | nu
   const waited = WAIT[r.error.code];
   if (waited) return waited;
   if (r.provider !== "") return null;
-  if (r.error.code === DENIED) return "denied";
-  return r.error.code.startsWith(KEY_LIMIT) ? "limited" : "unavailable";
+  const code = r.error.code;
+  if (code === DENIED) return "denied";
+  if (code !== SELECTED_CANNOT_SERVE && MODEL.some((p) => code.startsWith(p))) return "model";
+  if (UNROUTED.has(code)) return "unrouted";
+  return code.startsWith(KEY_LIMIT) ? "limited" : "unavailable";
 }
 
 /**
@@ -98,6 +120,8 @@ export interface Hop {
  * · `denied_after_pick`：唯一的那一跳被规则 `rule` 拒绝：没有发往任何上游
  * · `denied_before_pick`：选定上游之前规则 `rule` 就拒绝了它：没有发往任何上游
  * · `unavailable`：规则选中的上游都接不了：没有发往任何上游
+ * · `model`：请求的模型过不了准入：没有发往任何上游
+ * · `unrouted`：没有为它选出去向：没有发往任何上游
  * · `pending`：还在跑，路由还没有结论
  * · `none`：没有尝试记录（上游应答之前客户端就走了、被请求防护挡下……）
  *
@@ -112,7 +136,7 @@ export type RoutingNote =
   | { kind: "failover_denied"; failed: number; rule: string }
   | { kind: "denied_after_pick"; rule: string }
   | { kind: "denied_before_pick"; rule: string }
-  | { kind: "unavailable" }
+  | { kind: "unavailable" | "model" | "unrouted" }
   | { kind: "pending" }
   | { kind: "none" };
 
@@ -171,8 +195,9 @@ export function routingFacts(
   if (ruleDenied || deniedBy) {
     const text = denyReason(deniedHop?.error) ?? denyReason(r.error);
     reason = text ? { text } : null;
-  } else if ((why === "unavailable" || why === "limited" || (why && WAITED_OUT.has(why))) && r.error) {
-    // 用量上限的那一句说清是哪一条、用了多少、什么时候重置；满着的那一句列出是哪几家
+  } else if (why && why !== "denied" && r.error) {
+    // 用量上限的那一句说清是哪一条、用了多少、什么时候重置；满着的那一句列出是哪几家；
+    // 模型的那一句说清是哪个名字、为什么用不了
     reason = { msg: r.error };
   }
 
@@ -182,7 +207,7 @@ export function routingFacts(
     note = { kind: why, tried: attempts.filter((a) => !skippedHop(a)).length };
   } else if (n === 0) {
     if (ruleDenied) note = { kind: "denied_before_pick", rule: routing.rule };
-    else if (why === "unavailable") note = { kind: "unavailable" };
+    else if (why === "unavailable" || why === "model" || why === "unrouted") note = { kind: why };
     else if (why === "limited") note = { kind: "limited" };
     else note = { kind: running ? "pending" : "none" };
   } else if (deniedBy) {
diff --git a/src/traffic/cells.tsx b/src/traffic/cells.tsx
index 51ed6e14..011862ad 100644
--- a/src/traffic/cells.tsx
+++ b/src/traffic/cells.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { keyText } from "@/KeyLabel";
 import { cn } from "@/lib/utils";
 import type { NotSent } from "@/requestRouting";
 import type { RequestRow } from "@/types";
-import { IconBusy, IconDenied, IconLimitReached, IconNoUpstream, IconRemote } from "@/ui/icons";
+import { IconBusy, IconDenied, IconLimitReached, IconNoModel, IconNoUpstream, IconRemote } from "@/ui/icons";
 import { ClientLogo } from "@/ui/logos";
 import { Tip } from "@/ui/tip";
 import { coreNow, onTick, stopwatch } from "./clock";
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ export function RowKeyCell({ r, hints }: { r: RequestRow; hints: boolean }) {
 const NOT_SENT: Record<NotSent, { Icon: typeof IconDenied; color: string }> = {
   denied: { Icon: IconDenied, color: "text-destructive" },
   unavailable: { Icon: IconNoUpstream, color: "text-muted-foreground" },
+  model: { Icon: IconNoModel, color: "text-muted-foreground" },
+  unrouted: { Icon: IconNoUpstream, color: "text-muted-foreground" },
   limited: { Icon: IconLimitReached, color: "text-warning" },
   busy: { Icon: IconBusy, color: "text-muted-foreground" },
   throttled: { Icon: IconBusy, color: "text-muted-foreground" },
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ const NOT_SENT: Record<NotSent, { Icon: typeof IconDenied; color: string }> = {
 
 /**
  * 没有上游接下的请求在上游标志的位置上画什么：被规则拒绝是禁止符号（和路由图上
- * 「拒绝」那个节点同一个），没有可用的上游是划掉的上游，密钥的用量到了上限是顶到线的
+ * 「拒绝」那个节点同一个），没有可用的上游和没选出去向的是划掉的上游，模型用不了是划掉的放大镜，密钥的用量到了上限是顶到线的
  * 箭头，上游都满着是沙漏。上游都在限流暂停、几种都有的同样是沙漏（等过了没等到），上游
  * 到了自己的用量上限和密钥的一样是顶到线的箭头。和上游标志一样大，名字对得齐。
  *
diff --git a/src/traffic/drawer/RequestDrawer.i18n.tsx b/src/traffic/drawer/RequestDrawer.i18n.tsx
index bd23469d..13a824a1 100644
--- a/src/traffic/drawer/RequestDrawer.i18n.tsx
+++ b/src/traffic/drawer/RequestDrawer.i18n.tsx
@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ export const requestDrawerText = messages(
     deniedAfterPick: (rule: string) => `选定上游后，规则「${rule}」拒绝了此请求，未发往任何上游。`,
     deniedBeforePick: (rule: string) => `选定上游之前，规则「${rule}」已拒绝此请求，未发往任何上游。`,
     unavailable: "规则选中的上游均无法服务此请求，未发往任何上游。",
+    model: "请求的模型无法使用，未发往任何上游。",
+    unrouted: "未能为此请求选出去向，未发往任何上游。",
     /** 前面几跳里有满着跳过的：它们不是上游的失败 */
     switched: (n: number) => `已自动切换上游：前 ${n} 次尝试未接下此请求。`,
     /** 最后接下它的是前面试过的一家：等它恢复之后发了过去 */
@@ -300,6 +302,8 @@ export const requestDrawerText = messages(
     deniedBeforePick: (rule: string) =>
       `Rule “${rule}” denied this request before an upstream was chosen; it was not sent to any upstream.`,
     unavailable: "No upstream the rule selected can serve this request; it was not sent to any upstream.",
+    model: "The requested model cannot be used; the request was not sent to any upstream.",
+    unrouted: "No destination could be chosen for this request; it was not sent to any upstream.",
     switched: (n: number) =>
       n === 1
         ? "Switched upstreams automatically: the first attempt did not take this request."
diff --git a/src/traffic/drawer/Routing.tsx b/src/traffic/drawer/Routing.tsx
index 46e53fb0..be29b328 100644
--- a/src/traffic/drawer/Routing.tsx
+++ b/src/traffic/drawer/Routing.tsx
@@ -247,6 +247,10 @@ function noteText(n: RoutingNote, t: (typeof requestDrawerText)["zh"]): string {
       return t.deniedBeforePick(n.rule);
     case "unavailable":
       return t.unavailable;
+    case "model":
+      return t.model;
+    case "unrouted":
+      return t.unrouted;
     case "pending":
       return t.routingPending;
     case "none":
diff --git a/src/ui/icons.tsx b/src/ui/icons.tsx
index 4434ed65..29de7789 100644
--- a/src/ui/icons.tsx
+++ b/src/ui/icons.tsx
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ export { Plug as IconMcp } from "lucide-react"; // MCP —— 给客户端接上
 export { Puzzle as IconPlugin } from "lucide-react"; // 插件 —— 拼进链路里的一块（插头已经是 MCP）
 export { Server as IconServer } from "lucide-react"; // 上游 —— 一摞机器
 export { ServerOff as IconNoUpstream } from "lucide-react"; // 没有可用的上游 —— 那一摞机器划掉
+export { SearchX as IconNoModel } from "lucide-react"; // 请求的模型用不了 —— 找不到
 export { Ban as IconDenied } from "lucide-react"; // 被规则拒绝 —— 禁止符号
 export { ArrowUpToLine as IconLimitReached } from "lucide-react"; // 密钥的用量到了上限 —— 顶到那条线
 export { Hourglass as IconBusy } from "lucide-react"; // 上游都满着、等不到空位 —— 沙漏