Note: The official syllabus for the 2025-2026 academic session has not been released yet. The following is the detailed syllabus for the 2024-2025 session, which is the most recent one available. The Avg. Weightage is an approximation based on the chapter-wise weightage in previous board examinations.
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
- Topics: Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
- Avg. Weightage: 8/100
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Topics: Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor.
- Avg. Weightage: 8/100
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
- Topics: Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity. Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
- Topics: Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a a current loop in uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
- Topics: Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
- Avg. Weightage: 7/100
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
- Topics: Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction.
- Avg. Weightage: 6/100
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
- Topics: Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
- Avg. Weightage: 6/100
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
- Topics: Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
- Avg. Weightage: 3/100
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Topics: Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker's formula. Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of light - blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
- Avg. Weightage: 14/100
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
- Topics: Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens' principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarised light, Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids.
- Avg. Weightage: 7/100
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Topics: Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation- particle nature of light. Matter waves- wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).
- Avg. Weightage: 6/100
Chapter 12: Atoms
- Topics: Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum.
- Avg. Weightage: 5/100
Chapter 13: Nuclei
- Topics: Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission and fusion.
- Avg. Weightage: 5/100
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
- Topics: Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors; semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
- Avg. Weightage: 10/100
Chapter 1: Solutions
- Topics: Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass.
- Avg. Weightage: 10/100
Chapter 2: Electrochemistry
- Topics: Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell - electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells. Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion.
- Avg. Weightage: 13/100
Chapter 3: Chemical Kinetics
- Topics: Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
- Avg. Weightage: 10/100
Chapter 4: d and f-Block Elements
- Topics: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals - metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4. Lanthanoids - electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.
- Avg. Weightage: 10/100
Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds
- Topics: Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding, Werner's theory VBT, CFT; isomerism (structural and stereo) importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).
- Avg. Weightage: 10/100
Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Topics: Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation. Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Topics: Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, with special reference to methanol and ethanol. Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols. Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Topics: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.
- Avg. Weightage: 11/100
Chapter 9: Amines
- Topics: Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 10: Biomolecules
- Topics: Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); importance. Proteins - Elementary idea of alpha-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure. Vitamins - Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
- Avg. Weightage: 10/100
Chapter 1: Relations and Functions
- Topics: Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions and inverse of a function.
- Avg. Weightage: 5/100
Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- Topics: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
- Avg. Weightage: 5/100
Chapter 3: Matrices
- Topics: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists.
- Avg. Weightage: 5/100
Chapter 4: Determinants
- Topics: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.
- Avg. Weightage: 5/100
Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability
- Topics: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives. Rolle's and Lagrange's Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretation.
- Avg. Weightage: 11/100
Chapter 6: Applications of Derivatives
- Topics: Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normals, use of derivatives in approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).
- Avg. Weightage: 5/100
Chapter 7: Integrals
- Topics: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them. Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.
- Avg. Weightage: 11/100
Chapter 8: Applications of the Integrals
- Topics: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), area between any of the two above said curves (the region should be clearly identifiable).
- Avg. Weightage: 8/100
Chapter 9: Differential Equations
- Topics: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constants. dx/dy + px = q, where p and q are functions of y or constants.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 10: Vectors
- Topics: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product of vectors.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 11: Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Topics: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.
- Avg. Weightage: 9/100
Chapter 12: Linear Programming
- Topics: Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).
- Avg. Weightage: 6/100
Chapter 13: Probability
- Topics: Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes' theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of random variable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.
- Avg. Weightage: 10/100
Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Topics: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
- Avg. Weightage: 23/100
Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
- Topics: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
- Avg. Weightage: 23/100
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
- Topics: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
- Avg. Weightage: 23/100
Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Topics: Heredity and variation, Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
- Avg. Weightage: 28/100
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Topics: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.
- Avg. Weightage: 28/100
Chapter 7: Evolution
- Topics: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
- Avg. Weightage: 28/100
Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
- Topics: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.
- Avg. Weightage: 17/100
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare
- Topics: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
- Avg. Weightage: 17/100
Chapter 11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes
- Topics: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).
- Avg. Weightage: 17/100
Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications
- Topics: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.
- Avg. Weightage: 17/100
Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations
- Topics: Organisms and environment: Habitat, niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
- Avg. Weightage: 15/100
Chapter 14: Ecosystem
- Topics: Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services - carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release.
- Avg. Weightage: 15/100
Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
- Topics: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.
- Avg. Weightage: 15/100