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publication: ""
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publication_short: ""
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abstract: "This paper develops a structural theory of social relations showing that, under non-degenerate positional constraints, fragmentation and cohesion arise necessarily and simultaneously as dual consequences of the same bifurcation event."
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abstract: "Why do division and cohesion often intensify together? This paper develops a static structural theory of relation maintenance based on minimal positional constraints. Rather than relying on utility-based or probabilistic models, social relations are formalized as constraint satisfaction problems over an abstract position space. When a bifurcation event---such as a vote or institutional assignment---fixes agents positions, relational viability is determined solely by positional compatibility. We establish three structural results. First, under any non-degenerate positional constraint, fragmentation (relational collapse) and cohesion (condition confirmation) necessarily coexist as complementary outputs of a single compatibility function. Second, we prove a structural asymmetry of veto power: relation maintenance requires logical conjunction, while collapse requires only logical disjunction, implying that fragmentation operates as a unilateral structural veto. This yields a purely logical foundation for behavioral premises such as pairwise stability. Finally, we establish a conditional impossibility theorem: under positional plurality, avoiding relational collapse is structurally impossible, leaving coercive homogenization as the only design-level guarantee for universal cohesion. The framework isolates minimal boundary conditions and provides a formal language for analyzing polarized relational structures."
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tags:
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- Structural Theory
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### The Question
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Empirical observers of polarized societies often note a striking pattern: as groups fragment
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along political, ideological, or institutional lines, each fragment simultaneously becomes
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*more* internally cohesive. Standard approaches utility maximization, probabilistic tie
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formation, threshold models can reproduce this pattern, but they cannot *explain* it
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along political, ideological, or institutional lines, each fragment becomes
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*more* internally cohesive. Standard approaches --- utility maximization, probabilistic tie
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formation, threshold models --- can reproduce this pattern, but they cannot *explain* it
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without importing behavioral or psychological assumptions.
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This paper asks a more fundamental question: is there a purely structural reason why
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- Temporal dynamics
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What remains is a minimal logical skeleton. A **relation** exists between two players only
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if certain structural conditions called *gain axes* are satisfied. Each player $i$ has
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if certain structural conditions --- called *gain axes* --- are satisfied. Each player $i$ has
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a minimum condition function:
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$$a(i, g) \in \{0, 1\}$$
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$$E: P \to L$$
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Examples include a vote, a loyalty declaration, institutional assignment, or even an act of
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public alignment on social media. The theory does not model *why* such events occur only
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public alignment on social media. The theory does not model *why* such events occur --- only
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what *must* follow structurally once positions are fixed.
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Once $E$ is applied, local compatibility values propagate to the entire network. For every
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---
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### The Main Result
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### Three Structural Results
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**Theorem 10.2** establishes a dichotomy. Let $g$ be a gain axis relevant to the initial
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relation set, and let $E$ be any bifurcation event. Then exactly one of the following holds:
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1. **Degeneracy:** $f_g(E(i), E(j))$ is constant across all relevant pairs the positional
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1. **Degeneracy:** $f_g(E(i), E(j))$ is constant across all relevant pairs --- the positional
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constraint exerts no selective pressure. This is the exceptional, empirically rare case.
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2. **Structural Necessity:** If non-degenerate, the post-event network *necessarily*
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exhibits both:
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- **Fragmentation** relations bridging incompatible positions are structurally forced
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- **Fragmentation** --- relations bridging incompatible positions are structurally forced
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to collapse ($f_g(E(i), E(j)) = 0$)
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- **Cohesion** relations within compatible configurations survive
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- **Cohesion** --- relations within compatible configurations survive
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($f_g(E(u), E(v)) = 1$)
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These are not two separate effects. They are the $0$ and $1$ outputs of the *same*
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compatibility function applied under the *same* structural constraint.
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**Proposition 8.3** establishes a structural asymmetry of veto power. The logical conditions
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governing collapse and cohesion are not symmetric:
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- Relational collapse requires only **unilateral** condition failure --- governed by logical
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disjunction ($a(i,g)=1 \lor a(j,g)=1$)
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- Cohesion confirmation requires **bilateral** match --- governed by logical conjunction
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($a(i,g)=1 \land a(j,g)=1$)
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Fragmentation therefore operates as a unilateral structural veto, while cohesion requires
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mutual structural alignment. This is a purely logical consequence of the axiomatic system,
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independent of any behavioral or cultural factors. As a corollary, it provides a structural
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foundation for the behavioral premise underlying pairwise stability in network economics:
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the rule that severance is unilateral while formation is bilateral is not merely a modeling
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convention --- it is a logical necessity under constraint satisfaction.
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**Theorem 11.3** establishes the conditional impossibility of universal cohesion. Under
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positional plurality, there is no bifurcation event that avoids relational collapse for every
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possible initial relation set --- except coercively homogenizing ones, which enforce
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compatibility across all pairs by design.
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---
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### What This Means
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The paper establishes two corollaries with direct interpretive force.
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First, the only structural condition permitting universal cohesion cohesion without any
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fragmentation is a globally existence-dependent gain axis: one where $f_g \equiv 1$
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First, the only structural condition permitting universal cohesion --- cohesion without any
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fragmentation --- is a globally existence-dependent gain axis: one where $f_g \equiv 1$
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everywhere. Every genuinely position-dependent constraint imposes selective relational
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mortality.
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### Why This Matters
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The intensification of in-group cohesion alongside inter-group division requires no
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additional mechanism no radicalization dynamics, no echo chamber effects, no strategic
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additional mechanism --- no radicalization dynamics, no echo chamber effects, no strategic
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calculation. It is the unavoidable output of relation-maintenance constraints operating
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under positional commitment.
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This provides a common structural language applicable across polarized political networks,
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institutional sorting, and identity-based alignment one that remains agnostic about the
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specific processes generating any particular bifurcation event.
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institutional sorting, and identity-based alignment --- one that remains agnostic about the
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specific processes generating any particular bifurcation event.

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