[CI][C++] Bump vcpkg version

[raulcd]

Describe the enhancement requested

On:

• GH-49921: [C++] Bump xsimd to 14.2.0 #49922

We were trying to update vcpkg to be able to use a newer version of xsimd. There are some issue with newest vcpkg. This issue is to track the vcpkg bump in isolation.

Component(s)

Continuous Integration, C++