[Flink] Migrate streampark-flink-core from Scala to Java

[shangeyao]

Summary

Parent epic: #4408
Stage 1 — Flink Core (2/4)

Migrate streampark-flink-core from Scala to Java with no behavior changes (Stages 1–2) unless explicitly in Stage 3 scope.

Module role

Flink core — job runtime context, environment initialization, and related base wrappers.

Dependencies

• Depends on: [Common] Migrate streampark-common from Scala to Java #4445 (streampark-common migration must merge first)
• Blocks: Stage 1.3

PRs within Stages 1–2 are sequential — do not start until the dependency issue is merged.

Constraints

• Follow Java architecture and idioms; keep package paths where possible
• Each new Java class should have tests (or document why not) — PMC workflow on [Proposal] Remove Scala from StreamPark — design and migration plan #4408
• Preserve Console submit/cancel/deploy functional parity

Acceptance

• No .scala under streampark-flink-core (src/main and src/test)
• Module builds and tests pass
• Downstream modules compile (where applicable)

References

• Epic: [Proposal] Remove Scala from StreamPark — design and migration plan #4408
• Roadmap: [Roadmap] StreamPark 3.0 #4410
• JDK 11: [Proposal] Migrate StreamPark Console baseline from JDK 8 to JDK 11 #4409 / [Build] Raise StreamPark compile and CI baseline to JDK 11 #4417 ✅
• Dev framework removal: [Flink] Remove dev framework and connector wrappers #4432 ✅