From 94d57b77a278a10c6defcdf7c5e6a4f3df1bd09e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Avinash Dwarapu <dwaraa@amazon.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 09:47:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] chore: Change all remaining internal uses of aria-live to
 LiveRegion component

---
 .../__tests__/prefer-live-region.test.js      |   2 +-
 build-tools/eslint/prefer-live-region.js      |   6 +-
 pages/steps/with-updates.page.tsx             |  17 +--
 src/flashbar/collapsible-flashbar.tsx         |  10 +-
 src/flashbar/flash.tsx                        |   5 +-
 .../__tests__/live-region.test.tsx            |  24 ++++
 src/live-region/internal.tsx                  |  18 ++-
 .../components/tutorial-detail-view/index.tsx |   5 +-
 .../components/tutorial-list/index.tsx        | 108 +++++++++---------
 9 files changed, 122 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)

diff --git a/build-tools/eslint/__tests__/prefer-live-region.test.js b/build-tools/eslint/__tests__/prefer-live-region.test.js
index 3b2dda100a..f9a7f41d86 100644
--- a/build-tools/eslint/__tests__/prefer-live-region.test.js
+++ b/build-tools/eslint/__tests__/prefer-live-region.test.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ const useLiveRegionOverAriaLive = require('../prefer-live-region');
 const ruleTester = new RuleTester({ languageOptions: { parserOptions: { ecmaFeatures: { jsx: true } } } });
 
 ruleTester.run('no-aria-live', useLiveRegionOverAriaLive, {
-  valid: ['<div></div>'],
+  valid: ['<div></div>', '<div aria-live="off"></div>'],
 
   invalid: [
     {
diff --git a/build-tools/eslint/prefer-live-region.js b/build-tools/eslint/prefer-live-region.js
index 9f67cb1d67..d386ae7a80 100644
--- a/build-tools/eslint/prefer-live-region.js
+++ b/build-tools/eslint/prefer-live-region.js
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ module.exports = {
       JSXElement(node) {
         if (
           node.openingElement.attributes.some(
-            attribute => attribute.type === 'JSXAttribute' && attribute.name.name === 'aria-live'
+            attribute =>
+              attribute.type === 'JSXAttribute' &&
+              attribute.name.name === 'aria-live' &&
+              // Allow aria-live="off" to disable implicit aria-live behaviors of certain roles.
+              !(attribute.value && attribute.value.type === 'Literal' && attribute.value.value === 'off')
           )
         ) {
           context.report({
diff --git a/pages/steps/with-updates.page.tsx b/pages/steps/with-updates.page.tsx
index fc75e8b063..559a010e5b 100644
--- a/pages/steps/with-updates.page.tsx
+++ b/pages/steps/with-updates.page.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import React, { useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import Box from '~components/box';
 import Button from '~components/button';
 import Header from '~components/header';
+import LiveRegion from '~components/live-region';
 import Steps from '~components/steps';
 
 import {
@@ -124,13 +125,13 @@ export default function StepsPermutationsWithUpdates() {
           <Box id="successfull-execution-description" fontWeight={'light'} margin={{ bottom: 'm' }}>
             Steps Component Description
           </Box>
-          <span aria-live="polite">
+          <LiveRegion>
             <Steps
               steps={stepsExecution1[stepIndex1]}
               ariaLabelledby="successfull-execution-label"
               ariaDescribedby="successfull-execution-description"
             />
-          </span>
+          </LiveRegion>
           <div style={{ display: 'flex' }}>
             <Button onClick={activateTimerStep1}>Start</Button>
             <Button onClick={resetTimeoutStep1}>Reset</Button>
@@ -140,9 +141,9 @@ export default function StepsPermutationsWithUpdates() {
           <Box variant={'div'} fontWeight={'bold'} margin={'s'}>
             Blocked Execution
           </Box>
-          <span aria-live="polite">
+          <LiveRegion>
             <Steps steps={stepsExecution2[stepIndex2]} ariaLabel="Blocked Execution Label" />
-          </span>
+          </LiveRegion>
           <div style={{ display: 'flex' }}>
             <Button onClick={activateTimerStep2}>Start</Button>
             <Button onClick={resetTimeoutStep2}>Reset</Button>
@@ -152,9 +153,9 @@ export default function StepsPermutationsWithUpdates() {
           <Box variant={'div'} fontWeight={'bold'} margin={'s'}>
             Failed Execution
           </Box>
-          <span aria-live="polite">
+          <LiveRegion>
             <Steps steps={stepsExecution3[stepIndex3]} ariaLabel="Failed Execution Label" />
-          </span>
+          </LiveRegion>
           <div style={{ display: 'flex' }}>
             <Button onClick={activateTimerStep3}>Start</Button>
             <Button onClick={resetTimeoutStep3}>Reset</Button>
@@ -164,9 +165,9 @@ export default function StepsPermutationsWithUpdates() {
           <Box variant={'div'} fontWeight={'bold'} margin={'s'}>
             Failed Execution with Retry
           </Box>
-          <span aria-live="polite">
+          <LiveRegion>
             <Steps steps={stepsExecution4[stepIndex4]} ariaLabel="Failed Execution with Retry Label" />
-          </span>
+          </LiveRegion>
           <div style={{ display: 'flex' }}>
             <Button onClick={activateTimerStep4}>Start</Button>
             <Button onClick={resetTimeoutStep4}>Reset</Button>
diff --git a/src/flashbar/collapsible-flashbar.tsx b/src/flashbar/collapsible-flashbar.tsx
index 644ac35f1b..ef04cefedb 100644
--- a/src/flashbar/collapsible-flashbar.tsx
+++ b/src/flashbar/collapsible-flashbar.tsx
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { useDebounceCallback } from '../internal/hooks/use-debounce-callback';
 import { useEffectOnUpdate } from '../internal/hooks/use-effect-on-update';
 import { useThrottleCallback } from '../internal/hooks/use-throttle-callback';
 import { scrollElementIntoView } from '../internal/utils/scrollable-containers';
+import InternalLiveRegion from '../live-region/internal';
 import {
   GeneratedAnalyticsMetadataFlashbarCollapse,
   GeneratedAnalyticsMetadataFlashbarExpand,
@@ -361,7 +362,7 @@ export default function CollapsibleFlashbar({ items, style, ...restProps }: Inte
             },
           } as GeneratedAnalyticsMetadataFlashbarExpand | GeneratedAnalyticsMetadataFlashbarCollapse)}
         >
-          <span aria-live="polite" className={styles.status} role="status" id={itemCountElementId}>
+          <span className={styles.status} id={itemCountElementId} role="status" aria-live="off">
             {notificationBarText && <h2 className={styles.header}>{notificationBarText}</h2>}
             <span className={styles['item-count']}>
               {counterTypes.map(({ type, labelName, iconName }) => (
@@ -374,6 +375,13 @@ export default function CollapsibleFlashbar({ items, style, ...restProps }: Inte
               ))}
             </span>
           </span>
+          <InternalLiveRegion
+            preventInitialAnnouncement={true}
+            sources={[
+              notificationBarText,
+              ...counterTypes.flatMap(({ type, labelName }) => [iconAriaLabels[labelName], `${countByType[type]}`]),
+            ]}
+          />
           <button
             aria-controls={flashbarElementId}
             aria-describedby={itemCountElementId}
diff --git a/src/flashbar/flash.tsx b/src/flashbar/flash.tsx
index cbf2b6d07a..22a9ab794a 100644
--- a/src/flashbar/flash.tsx
+++ b/src/flashbar/flash.tsx
@@ -209,12 +209,8 @@ export const Flash = React.forwardRef(
     }
 
     return (
-      // We're not using "polite" or "assertive" here, just turning default behavior off.
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @cloudscape-design/components/prefer-live-region
       <div
         ref={mergedRef}
-        role={ariaRole}
-        aria-live={ariaRole ? 'off' : undefined}
         data-itemid={id}
         className={clsx(
           styles.flash,
@@ -232,6 +228,7 @@ export const Flash = React.forwardRef(
           initialHidden && styles['initial-hidden']
         )}
         style={getFlashStyles(style, effectiveType)}
+        {...(ariaRole ? { role: ariaRole, 'aria-live': 'off' } : {})}
         {...analyticsAttributes}
       >
         <div className={styles['flash-body']}>
diff --git a/src/live-region/__tests__/live-region.test.tsx b/src/live-region/__tests__/live-region.test.tsx
index fa8144cd77..ddfd5c2adb 100644
--- a/src/live-region/__tests__/live-region.test.tsx
+++ b/src/live-region/__tests__/live-region.test.tsx
@@ -173,6 +173,30 @@ describe('LiveRegion', () => {
     // Note the period to force re-announcement.
     expect(politeRegion).toHaveTextContent('Announcement.');
   });
+
+  it("doesn't announce on the initial message if preventInitialAnnouncement is true", async () => {
+    jest.useFakeTimers();
+    const { politeRegion, rerender } = await renderLiveRegion(
+      <InternalLiveRegion delay={1} hidden={true} preventInitialAnnouncement={true}>
+        Announcement
+      </InternalLiveRegion>
+    );
+    expect(politeRegion).toHaveTextContent('');
+    rerender(
+      <InternalLiveRegion delay={1} hidden={true} preventInitialAnnouncement={true}>
+        Announcement
+      </InternalLiveRegion>
+    );
+    jest.runAllTimers();
+    expect(politeRegion).toHaveTextContent('');
+    rerender(
+      <InternalLiveRegion delay={1} hidden={true} preventInitialAnnouncement={true}>
+        Second announcement
+      </InternalLiveRegion>
+    );
+    jest.runAllTimers();
+    expect(politeRegion).toHaveTextContent('Second announcement');
+  });
 });
 
 describe('text extractor', () => {
diff --git a/src/live-region/internal.tsx b/src/live-region/internal.tsx
index 9fc77d21a8..576a2bc538 100644
--- a/src/live-region/internal.tsx
+++ b/src/live-region/internal.tsx
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ interface InternalLiveRegionProps extends InternalBaseComponentProps, LiveRegion
    */
   delay?: number;
 
+  /**
+   * By default, the live region will announce the message immediately on mount.
+   * This attribute prevents that.
+   */
+  preventInitialAnnouncement?: boolean;
+
   /**
    * Use a list of strings and/or refs to existing elements for building the
    * announcement text. If this property is set, `children` and `message` will
@@ -49,6 +55,7 @@ export default React.forwardRef(function InternalLiveRegion(
     tagName: TagName = 'div',
     delay,
     sources,
+    preventInitialAnnouncement,
     children,
     __internalRootRef,
     className,
@@ -93,10 +100,19 @@ export default React.forwardRef(function InternalLiveRegion(
     }
   };
 
+  const initialAnnouncementContent = useRef<string | undefined>();
+
   // Call the controller on every render. The controller will deduplicate the
   // message against the previous announcement internally.
   useEffect(() => {
-    liveRegionControllerRef.current?.announce({ message: getContent() });
+    const message = getContent();
+    if (initialAnnouncementContent.current === undefined) {
+      initialAnnouncementContent.current = message;
+    }
+    if (preventInitialAnnouncement && initialAnnouncementContent.current === message) {
+      return;
+    }
+    liveRegionControllerRef.current?.announce({ message });
   });
 
   useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
diff --git a/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-detail-view/index.tsx b/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-detail-view/index.tsx
index cb97a9cb23..87d4a72b0e 100644
--- a/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-detail-view/index.tsx
+++ b/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-detail-view/index.tsx
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import InternalBox from '../../../box/internal';
 import { InternalButton } from '../../../button/internal';
 import { fireNonCancelableEvent } from '../../../internal/events/index';
 import { useVisualRefresh } from '../../../internal/hooks/use-visual-mode';
+import InternalLiveRegion from '../../../live-region/internal';
 import InternalSpaceBetween from '../../../space-between/internal';
 import { TutorialPanelProps } from '../../interfaces';
 import { CongratulationScreen } from './congratulation-screen';
@@ -60,13 +61,13 @@ export default function TutorialDetailView({
           </InternalBox>
         </div>
         <div>
-          <div role="status">
+          <InternalLiveRegion>
             {tutorial.completed && (
               <CongratulationScreen onFeedbackClick={onFeedbackClick} i18nStrings={i18nStrings}>
                 {tutorial.completedScreenDescription}
               </CongratulationScreen>
             )}
-          </div>
+          </InternalLiveRegion>
           {!tutorial.completed && (
             <TaskList
               tasks={tutorial.tasks}
diff --git a/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-list/index.tsx b/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-list/index.tsx
index a6a387cfa1..1d74ff7e0a 100644
--- a/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-list/index.tsx
+++ b/src/tutorial-panel/components/tutorial-list/index.tsx
@@ -157,65 +157,63 @@ function Tutorial({
         ) : null}
       </InternalSpaceBetween>
 
-      <div aria-live="polite">
-        <CSSTransition
-          in={expanded}
-          timeout={30}
-          classNames={{ enter: styles['content-enter'] }}
-          nodeRef={expandableSectionRef}
+      <CSSTransition
+        in={expanded}
+        timeout={30}
+        classNames={{ enter: styles['content-enter'] }}
+        nodeRef={expandableSectionRef}
+      >
+        <div
+          className={clsx(styles['expandable-section'], expanded && styles.expanded)}
+          id={controlId}
+          ref={expandableSectionRef}
         >
-          <div
-            className={clsx(styles['expandable-section'], expanded && styles.expanded)}
-            id={controlId}
-            ref={expandableSectionRef}
-          >
-            <InternalSpaceBetween size="l">
-              <InternalSpaceBetween size="m">
-                {tutorial.prerequisitesNeeded && tutorial.prerequisitesAlert && (
-                  <InternalAlert type="info" className={styles['prerequisites-alert']}>
-                    {tutorial.prerequisitesAlert}
-                  </InternalAlert>
+          <InternalSpaceBetween size="l">
+            <InternalSpaceBetween size="m">
+              {tutorial.prerequisitesNeeded && tutorial.prerequisitesAlert && (
+                <InternalAlert type="info" className={styles['prerequisites-alert']}>
+                  {tutorial.prerequisitesAlert}
+                </InternalAlert>
+              )}
+              <InternalSpaceBetween size="s">
+                <InternalBox color="text-body-secondary">
+                  <div
+                    className={clsx(
+                      styles['tutorial-description'],
+                      typeof tutorial.description === 'string' && styles['tutorial-description-plaintext']
+                    )}
+                  >
+                    {tutorial.description}
+                  </div>
+                </InternalBox>
+                {tutorial.learnMoreUrl && (
+                  <InternalLink
+                    href={tutorial.learnMoreUrl}
+                    className={styles['learn-more-link']}
+                    externalIconAriaLabel={i18nStrings.labelLearnMoreExternalIcon}
+                    ariaLabel={i18nStrings.labelLearnMoreLink}
+                    external={true}
+                    variant="primary"
+                  >
+                    {i18nStrings.learnMoreLinkText}
+                  </InternalLink>
                 )}
-                <InternalSpaceBetween size="s">
-                  <InternalBox color="text-body-secondary">
-                    <div
-                      className={clsx(
-                        styles['tutorial-description'],
-                        typeof tutorial.description === 'string' && styles['tutorial-description-plaintext']
-                      )}
-                    >
-                      {tutorial.description}
-                    </div>
-                  </InternalBox>
-                  {tutorial.learnMoreUrl && (
-                    <InternalLink
-                      href={tutorial.learnMoreUrl}
-                      className={styles['learn-more-link']}
-                      externalIconAriaLabel={i18nStrings.labelLearnMoreExternalIcon}
-                      ariaLabel={i18nStrings.labelLearnMoreLink}
-                      external={true}
-                      variant="primary"
-                    >
-                      {i18nStrings.learnMoreLinkText}
-                    </InternalLink>
-                  )}
-                </InternalSpaceBetween>
               </InternalSpaceBetween>
-
-              <InternalBox margin={{ bottom: 'xxs' }}>
-                <InternalButton
-                  onClick={onStartTutorial}
-                  disabled={tutorial.prerequisitesNeeded ?? false}
-                  formAction="none"
-                  className={styles.start}
-                >
-                  {tutorial.completed ? i18nStrings.restartTutorialButtonText : i18nStrings.startTutorialButtonText}
-                </InternalButton>
-              </InternalBox>
             </InternalSpaceBetween>
-          </div>
-        </CSSTransition>
-      </div>
+
+            <InternalBox margin={{ bottom: 'xxs' }}>
+              <InternalButton
+                onClick={onStartTutorial}
+                disabled={tutorial.prerequisitesNeeded ?? false}
+                formAction="none"
+                className={styles.start}
+              >
+                {tutorial.completed ? i18nStrings.restartTutorialButtonText : i18nStrings.startTutorialButtonText}
+              </InternalButton>
+            </InternalBox>
+          </InternalSpaceBetween>
+        </div>
+      </CSSTransition>
     </li>
   );
 }

From 039a1d6a659922a7bc9bfce68477629ee52eff8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Avinash Dwarapu <dwaraa@amazon.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 10:46:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Update tests.

---
 src/flashbar/__tests__/collapsible.test.tsx        | 14 ++++++++------
 .../__tests__/tutorial-panel.test.tsx              | 12 ++++++++----
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/flashbar/__tests__/collapsible.test.tsx b/src/flashbar/__tests__/collapsible.test.tsx
index 241dbecd48..9dac776908 100644
--- a/src/flashbar/__tests__/collapsible.test.tsx
+++ b/src/flashbar/__tests__/collapsible.test.tsx
@@ -317,12 +317,14 @@ describe('Collapsible Flashbar', () => {
       });
 
       it('announces updates to the item counter with aria-live', () => {
-        const flashbar = renderFlashbar();
-        const counter = findOuterCounter(flashbar);
-        expect(counter).toHaveAttribute('aria-live', 'polite');
-        // We add `role="status"` as well, to maximize compatibility
-        // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/ARIA_Live_Regions#roles_with_implicit_live_region_attributes
-        expect(counter).toHaveAttribute('role', 'status');
+        // Fake timers to bypass the live region delay.
+        const { rerender } = render(<Flashbar {...defaultProps} items={defaultItems} />);
+        jest.useFakeTimers();
+        rerender(<Flashbar {...defaultProps} items={[...defaultItems, { type: 'info', content: 'Info' }]} />);
+        jest.runAllTimers();
+        jest.useRealTimers();
+        const liveRegion = document.querySelector('[aria-live=polite]')!;
+        expect(liveRegion).toHaveTextContent('Notifications Error 1 Warning 0 Success 1 Information 1 In progress 0');
       });
 
       it('renders the toggle element header as H2 element', () => {
diff --git a/src/tutorial-panel/__tests__/tutorial-panel.test.tsx b/src/tutorial-panel/__tests__/tutorial-panel.test.tsx
index e3ab981672..e9da9c1718 100644
--- a/src/tutorial-panel/__tests__/tutorial-panel.test.tsx
+++ b/src/tutorial-panel/__tests__/tutorial-panel.test.tsx
@@ -190,10 +190,14 @@ describe('tutorial detail view', () => {
   test('completed screen should have role status', () => {
     const tutorials = getTutorials();
     const context = getContext({ currentTutorial: tutorials[1] });
-    const { container } = renderTutorialPanelWithContext({ tutorials }, context);
-    const completedScreen = createWrapper(container).findTutorialPanel()!.find('[role="status"]')!.getElement();
-    expect(completedScreen).toHaveTextContent('COMPLETION_SCREEN_TITLE');
-    expect(completedScreen).toHaveTextContent('COMPLETED_SCREEN_DESCRIPTION_TEST');
+    // Fake timers to bypass the live region delay.
+    jest.useFakeTimers();
+    renderTutorialPanelWithContext({ tutorials }, context);
+    const liveRegion = document.querySelector('[aria-live=polite]')!;
+    jest.runAllTimers();
+    jest.useRealTimers();
+    expect(liveRegion).toHaveTextContent('COMPLETION_SCREEN_TITLE');
+    expect(liveRegion).toHaveTextContent('COMPLETED_SCREEN_DESCRIPTION_TEST');
   });
 });