refactor(ci): break up large executeCliCommand function, add jsdocs #6895

Job	Run time
Format check	51s
Linter	57s
Unit tests (windows-latest)	1m 38s
Integration tests (ubuntu-latest)	50s
Unit tests (macos-latest)	55s
Build	1m 0s
Integration tests (windows-latest)	1m 40s
E2E tests (macos-latest)	3m 16s
Integration tests (macos-latest)	1m 6s
E2E tests (windows-latest)	4m 20s
Unit tests (ubuntu-latest)	46s
E2E tests (ubuntu-latest)	2m 18s
	19m 37s

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