Add unit tests for cppcheckdata.py #20303

Job	Run time
build_make (ubuntu:24.04)	3m 4s
build_make (ubuntu:25.10)	3m 7s
build_make (alpine:3.23)	5m 59s
build_cmake (ubuntu:25.10, true, true)	5m 32s
build_cmake (ubuntu:24.04, true, true)	3m 40s
build_cmake (alpine:3.23, false, false)	3m 29s
	24m 51s

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