diff --git a/daft_lance/__init__.py b/daft_lance/__init__.py
index cb07862..26b50bd 100644
--- a/daft_lance/__init__.py
+++ b/daft_lance/__init__.py
@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@
 from ._lance import (
     compact_files,
     create_scalar_index,
+    delete_from_lance,
     merge_columns,
     merge_columns_df,
     read_lance,
+    update_lance,
 )
 
 __all__ = [
     "compact_files",
     "create_scalar_index",
+    "delete_from_lance",
     "merge_columns",
     "merge_columns_df",
     "read_lance",
     "take_blobs",
+    "update_lance",
 ]
diff --git a/daft_lance/_lance.py b/daft_lance/_lance.py
index 95a67bf..17c827b 100644
--- a/daft_lance/_lance.py
+++ b/daft_lance/_lance.py
@@ -551,3 +551,72 @@ def compact_files(
         partition_num=partition_num,
         concurrency=concurrency,
     )
+
+
+@PublicAPI
+def update_lance(
+    uri: str | pathlib.Path,
+    updates: dict[str, str],
+    *,
+    where: str | None = None,
+    io_config: IOConfig | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, int]:
+    """Update rows in a Lance dataset matching the given SQL predicate.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: The URI of the Lance dataset. Accepts a local path or an
+            object-store URI like ``"s3://bucket/path"``.
+        updates: Mapping of column names to SQL expressions,
+            e.g. ``{"age": "age + 1", "name": "'updated'"}``.
+        where: Optional SQL predicate indicating which rows to update,
+            e.g. ``"age > 30"``. If not provided, all rows are updated.
+        io_config: Optional IOConfig to use when accessing Lance data.
+
+    Returns:
+        dict with a ``"num_rows_updated"`` key.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> import daft_lance
+        >>> result = daft_lance.update_lance(
+        ...     "/path/to/dataset", updates={"age": "age + 1"}, where="age > 40"
+        ... )
+        >>> print(result["num_rows_updated"])
+
+    See Also:
+        `Lance docs — Updating rows <https://lance.org/guide/read_and_write/>`_
+    """
+    io_config = context.get_context().daft_planning_config.default_io_config if io_config is None else io_config
+    storage_options = io_config_to_storage_options(io_config, str(uri) if isinstance(uri, pathlib.Path) else uri)
+
+    dataset = lance.dataset(uri, storage_options=storage_options)
+    return dataset.update(updates, where=where)
+
+
+@PublicAPI
+def delete_from_lance(
+    uri: str | pathlib.Path,
+    where: str,
+    *,
+    io_config: IOConfig | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Delete rows from a Lance dataset matching the given SQL predicate.
+
+    Args:
+        uri: The URI of the Lance dataset. Accepts a local path or an
+            object-store URI like ``"s3://bucket/path"``.
+        where: SQL predicate indicating which rows to delete,
+            e.g. ``"name IS NULL"``.
+        io_config: Optional IOConfig to use when accessing Lance data.
+
+    Example:
+        >>> import daft_lance
+        >>> daft_lance.delete_from_lance("/path/to/dataset", where="name IS NULL")
+
+    See Also:
+        `Lance docs — Deleting rows <https://lance.org/guide/read_and_write/>`_
+    """
+    io_config = context.get_context().daft_planning_config.default_io_config if io_config is None else io_config
+    storage_options = io_config_to_storage_options(io_config, str(uri) if isinstance(uri, pathlib.Path) else uri)
+
+    dataset = lance.dataset(uri, storage_options=storage_options)
+    dataset.delete(where)
diff --git a/tests/io/lancedb/test_lancedb_update_delete.py b/tests/io/lancedb/test_lancedb_update_delete.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfc8849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/io/lancedb/test_lancedb_update_delete.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pathlib
+import tempfile
+
+import lance
+import pandas as pd
+import pytest
+
+import daft_lance
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def temp_dir():
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+        yield pathlib.Path(tmp)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lance_dataset(temp_dir):
+    path = str(temp_dir / "test.lance")
+    df = pd.DataFrame(
+        {
+            "id": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+            "name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David", "Eve"],
+            "age": [25, 30, 35, 40, 45],
+        }
+    )
+    lance.write_dataset(df, path)
+    return path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lance_dataset_with_nulls(temp_dir):
+    path = str(temp_dir / "nulls.lance")
+    df = pd.DataFrame(
+        {
+            "id": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+            "name": ["Alice", None, "Charlie", "David", None],
+            "age": [25, 30, None, 40, 45],
+        }
+    )
+    lance.write_dataset(df, path)
+    return path
+
+
+class TestUpdateLance:
+    def test_update_matching_rows(self, lance_dataset):
+        result = daft_lance.update_lance(
+            lance_dataset, updates={"age": "age + 1"}, where="age > 35"
+        )
+        assert result["num_rows_updated"] == 2
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert table.loc[table["id"] == 3, "age"].values[0] == 35
+        assert table.loc[table["id"] == 4, "age"].values[0] == 41
+        assert table.loc[table["id"] == 5, "age"].values[0] == 46
+
+    def test_update_all_rows(self, lance_dataset):
+        result = daft_lance.update_lance(lance_dataset, updates={"age": "age + 10"})
+        assert result["num_rows_updated"] == 5
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert table["age"].to_list() == [35, 40, 45, 50, 55]
+
+    def test_update_string_column(self, lance_dataset):
+        result = daft_lance.update_lance(
+            lance_dataset, updates={"name": "'Updated'"}, where="id = 1"
+        )
+        assert result["num_rows_updated"] == 1
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert table.loc[table["id"] == 1, "name"].values[0] == "Updated"
+        assert table.loc[table["id"] == 2, "name"].values[0] == "Bob"
+
+    def test_update_no_matching_rows(self, lance_dataset):
+        result = daft_lance.update_lance(
+            lance_dataset, updates={"age": "age + 1"}, where="age > 100"
+        )
+        assert result["num_rows_updated"] == 0
+
+    def test_update_multiple_columns(self, lance_dataset):
+        result = daft_lance.update_lance(
+            lance_dataset,
+            updates={"age": "age + 5", "name": "'Modified'"},
+            where="id IN (1, 2)",
+        )
+        assert result["num_rows_updated"] == 2
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        row1 = table[table["id"] == 1]
+        assert row1["age"].values[0] == 30
+        assert row1["name"].values[0] == "Modified"
+        row3 = table[table["id"] == 3]
+        assert row3["name"].values[0] == "Charlie"
+
+
+class TestDeleteFromLance:
+    def test_delete_matching_rows(self, lance_dataset):
+        daft_lance.delete_from_lance(lance_dataset, where="age > 35")
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert len(table) == 3
+        assert set(table["id"].to_list()) == {1, 2, 3}
+
+    def test_delete_single_row(self, lance_dataset):
+        daft_lance.delete_from_lance(lance_dataset, where="id = 3")
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert len(table) == 4
+        assert 3 not in table["id"].values
+
+    def test_delete_no_matching_rows(self, lance_dataset):
+        daft_lance.delete_from_lance(lance_dataset, where="age > 100")
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert len(table) == 5
+
+    def test_delete_with_null_check(self, lance_dataset_with_nulls):
+        daft_lance.delete_from_lance(lance_dataset_with_nulls, where="name IS NULL")
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset_with_nulls)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert len(table) == 3
+        for name in table["name"]:
+            assert name is not None
+
+    def test_delete_with_is_not_null(self, lance_dataset_with_nulls):
+        daft_lance.delete_from_lance(
+            lance_dataset_with_nulls, where="name IS NOT NULL"
+        )
+
+        ds = lance.dataset(lance_dataset_with_nulls)
+        table = ds.to_table().to_pandas()
+        assert len(table) == 2