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| 1 | +\documentclass[10pt,oneside]{article} |
| 2 | +%%%% Page Info + Commands %%%%%{ |
| 3 | + |
| 4 | +%packages |
| 5 | +\usepackage{geometry} |
| 6 | +\usepackage{latexsym} |
| 7 | +\usepackage{amssymb} |
| 8 | +\usepackage{amsfonts} |
| 9 | +\usepackage{amstext} |
| 10 | +\usepackage{amsmath} |
| 11 | +\usepackage{amsthm} |
| 12 | +\usepackage{multicol} |
| 13 | +\usepackage{hyperref} |
| 14 | +\usepackage{enumerate} |
| 15 | +\usepackage{tikz} |
| 16 | +\usepackage{enumitem} |
| 17 | +\usepackage{xcolor} |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +\setlength{\footskip}{-5mm} |
| 21 | + |
| 22 | +% a good babble textwidth is 5.75in |
| 23 | +\newcommand{\babblewidth}{\setlength\textwidth{5.75in}} |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +% This will stretch out the page |
| 27 | +\newcommand{\bigpage}{ \setlength \oddsidemargin{-.25in} |
| 28 | + \setlength \textwidth{6.75in} |
| 29 | + \setlength \topmargin{-1in} |
| 30 | + \setlength \textheight{9.75in}} |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +%This will shrink the page |
| 34 | +\newcommand{\smallpage}{ \setlength \oddsidemargin{.5in} |
| 35 | + \setlength \textwidth{5in} |
| 36 | + \setlength \topmargin{0in} |
| 37 | + \setlength \textheight{9in}} |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +\newcommand{\separator}{\vglue .1in\hrule\vglue .1in} |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +\newcommand{\pause}{\vglue .1in\hrulefill {\tiny Pause here}\hrulefill \vglue .1in} |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +%%general stuff |
| 44 | +\newcommand{\caret}{\textasciicircum} |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +%This will put a circle around something. |
| 47 | +\newcommand*\circled[1]{\tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{ |
| 48 | + \node[shape=circle,draw,inner sep=2pt] (char) {#1};}} |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +% Commands for abstract |
| 52 | +\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} |
| 53 | +\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}} |
| 54 | +\newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}} |
| 55 | +\newcommand{\normal}{\triangleleft} |
| 56 | +\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}} |
| 57 | +\newcommand{\F}{\mathbb{F}} |
| 58 | +\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}} |
| 59 | +\newcommand{\K}{\mathbb{K}} |
| 60 | +\newcommand{\aut}[1]{{\rm Aut}(#1)} |
| 61 | +\newcommand{\Ker}{{\rm Ker}\,} |
| 62 | +\newcommand{\im}{{\rm Im}\,} |
| 63 | +\newcommand{\cyclic}[1]{\langle #1 \rangle} |
| 64 | +\newcommand{\isom}{\cong} |
| 65 | +\newcommand{\autc}[1]{{\rm Aut_c}(#1)} |
| 66 | +\newcommand{\autsub}[2]{{\rm Aut}_{#1}(#2)} |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | +\newcommand{\vp}{\vspace{0.15cm}\\} |
| 69 | +\newcommand{\vpp}{\vspace{0.25cm}\\} |
| 70 | +\newcommand{\vpn}{\vspace{0.05cm}\\} |
| 71 | +\newcommand{\rmv}[1]{\,\backslash\{#1\}} |
| 72 | +\newcommand{\rmvs}[1]{\,\backslash{#1}} |
| 73 | +\newcommand{\md}[1]{\,\text{mod } #1} |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +%%%%%%%% command for graphics %%%%%%%%%%%%% |
| 76 | +%} |
| 77 | +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0.0, 0.5, 0.0} |
| 78 | +\definecolor{sasha}{rgb}{0.0, 0.5, 0.5} |
| 79 | +\definecolor{marcus}{rgb}{0.7, 0.3, 0.3} |
| 80 | +\definecolor{sam}{rgb}{0.2, 0.2, 0.8} |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | +\begin{document} |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +$$ |
| 86 | +\begin{bmatrix} |
| 87 | + 1 & 0 & 1\\ |
| 88 | + 0 & 1 & 1 |
| 89 | +\end{bmatrix} |
| 90 | +$$ |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | +We can imagine this as the first element leaving x and z alone, and setting y to 0. Additionally, we can imagine the second one setting x to 0 and leaving y and z alone. We need to worry about getting enough elements from the kernel so we can generate the whole ring.\vpp |
| 93 | +We have a set of powers that will be invariant no matter what: |
| 94 | +\begin{itemize} |
| 95 | + \item $x^p$ |
| 96 | + \item $y^p$ |
| 97 | + \item $z^p$ |
| 98 | +\end{itemize} |
| 99 | +The trick is to use this trick to lower exponents in the kernel. \\ |
| 100 | +We also know that in the kernel we can consider: |
| 101 | +$$xyz^{p-1}$$ |
| 102 | +So we have that: |
| 103 | +\begin{align*} |
| 104 | + g_0&: xz^{p-1}\\ |
| 105 | + g_1&: xy^{p-1} |
| 106 | +\end{align*} |
| 107 | +If we look at our roots of unity, we see that the total powers of each group action will result in a total order of $p$, so our root of unity $\mu^p = 1$. \vpp |
| 108 | +Because they are all multiples of this first invariant and we can generate the entire invariant ring. \vpp |
| 109 | +CLAIM: If we look at the $x^2y^2z^{p-2}$, it will also be invariant because the total order will be $p$. |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +\end{document} |
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