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LCR031-LRUCache.go
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223 lines (200 loc) · 6.33 KB
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package main
// LCR 031. LRU 缓存
// 运用所掌握的数据结构,设计和实现一个 LRU (Least Recently Used,最近最少使用) 缓存机制 。
// 实现 LRUCache 类:
// LRUCache(int capacity) 以正整数作为容量 capacity 初始化 LRU 缓存
// int get(int key) 如果关键字 key 存在于缓存中,则返回关键字的值,否则返回 -1 。
// void put(int key, int value) 如果关键字已经存在,则变更其数据值;如果关键字不存在,则插入该组「关键字-值」。当缓存容量达到上限时,它应该在写入新数据之前删除最久未使用的数据值,从而为新的数据值留出空间。
// 示例:
// 输入
// ["LRUCache", "put", "put", "get", "put", "get", "put", "get", "get", "get"]
// [[2], [1, 1], [2, 2], [1], [3, 3], [2], [4, 4], [1], [3], [4]]
// 输出
// [null, null, null, 1, null, -1, null, -1, 3, 4]
// 解释
// LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);
// lRUCache.put(1, 1); // 缓存是 {1=1}
// lRUCache.put(2, 2); // 缓存是 {1=1, 2=2}
// lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 1
// lRUCache.put(3, 3); // 该操作会使得关键字 2 作废,缓存是 {1=1, 3=3}
// lRUCache.get(2); // 返回 -1 (未找到)
// lRUCache.put(4, 4); // 该操作会使得关键字 1 作废,缓存是 {4=4, 3=3}
// lRUCache.get(1); // 返回 -1 (未找到)
// lRUCache.get(3); // 返回 3
// lRUCache.get(4); // 返回 4
// 提示:
// 1 <= capacity <= 3000
// 0 <= key <= 10000
// 0 <= value <= 10^5
// 最多调用 2 * 10^5 次 get 和 put
// 进阶:是否可以在 O(1) 时间复杂度内完成这两种操作?
import "fmt"
import "container/list"
type LRUCache struct {
cache map[int]*list.Element
linklist *list.List
capacity int
}
func Constructor(capacity int) LRUCache {
return LRUCache{
cache: make(map[int]*list.Element, capacity),
linklist: list.New(),
capacity: capacity,
}
}
// 0 is key and 1 is value
func (this *LRUCache) Get(key int) int {
if _, ok := this.cache[key]; !ok {
return -1
}
elem := this.cache[key]
this.linklist.MoveToFront(elem)
return elem.Value.([]int)[1]
}
func (this *LRUCache) Put(key int, value int) {
// if capacity reached
if elem, ok := this.cache[key]; ok {
this.linklist.Remove(elem)
newelem := this.linklist.PushFront([]int{key, value})
this.cache[key] = newelem
return
}
if len(this.cache) == this.capacity {
elem := this.linklist.Back()
v := this.linklist.Remove(elem)
delete(this.cache, v.([]int)[0])
}
newelem := this.linklist.PushFront([]int{key, value})
this.cache[key] = newelem
}
// 添加头尾节点指针,并且在初始化的时候把它们连接起来,可以大大简化判断,代码更简洁
// 因为访问时涉及到挪动操作,要在 o(1) 的时间复杂度实现,只能用链表
type LRUCache1 struct {
m map[int]*Node
capacity int
count int
// 头尾指针不存数据,单向链接到头尾节点
head *Node
tail *Node
}
type Node struct {
key int
val int
prev *Node
next *Node
}
func Constructor1(capacity int) LRUCache1 {
l := LRUCache1{
m: make(map[int]*Node, capacity),
capacity: capacity,
head:&Node{},
tail:&Node{},
}
l.head.next = l.tail
l.tail.prev = l.head
return l
}
func (this *LRUCache1) Get(key int) int {
n, ok := this.m[key]
if !ok {
return -1
}
this.RemoveNode(n)
this.AddToHead(n)
return n.val
}
func (this *LRUCache1) Put(key int, value int) {
n, ok := this.m[key]
if ok {
n.val = value
this.RemoveNode(n)
this.AddToHead(n)
return
}
if this.count == this.capacity {
tail := this.RemoveTail()
delete(this.m, tail.key)
this.count--
}
this.count++
n = &Node{key:key, val:value}
this.AddToHead(n)
this.m[key] = n
}
func (this *LRUCache1) RemoveNode(n *Node) {
n.prev.next = n.next
n.next.prev = n.prev
n.next = nil
n.prev = nil
}
func (this *LRUCache1) RemoveTail() *Node {
tail := this.tail.prev
this.RemoveNode(tail)
return tail
}
func (this *LRUCache1) AddToHead(n *Node) {
// 改变原先头结点的前驱节点为新的节点
n.next = this.head.next
this.head.next.prev = n
// 改变新头结点的前驱节点为 head 指针
this.head.next = n
n.prev = this.head
}
/**
* Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
* obj := Constructor(capacity);
* param_1 := obj.Get(key);
* obj.Put(key,value);
*/
func main() {
// LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);
obj := Constructor(2)
fmt.Println(obj)
// lRUCache.put(1, 1); // cache is {1=1}
obj.Put(1,1)
fmt.Println(obj)
// lRUCache.put(2, 2); // cache is {1=1, 2=2}
obj.Put(2,2)
fmt.Println(obj)
// lRUCache.get(1); // return 1
fmt.Println(obj.Get(1)) // 1
// lRUCache.put(3, 3); // LRU key was 2, evicts key 2, cache is {1=1, 3=3}
obj.Put(3,3)
fmt.Println(obj)
// lRUCache.get(2); // returns -1 (not found)
fmt.Println(obj.Get(2)) // -1
// lRUCache.put(4, 4); // LRU key was 1, evicts key 1, cache is {4=4, 3=3}
obj.Put(4,4)
fmt.Println(obj)
// lRUCache.get(1); // return -1 (not found)
fmt.Println(obj.Get(1)) // -1
// lRUCache.get(3); // return 3
fmt.Println(obj.Get(3)) // 3
// lRUCache.get(4); // return 4
fmt.Println(obj.Get(4)) // 4
// LRUCache lRUCache = new LRUCache(2);
obj1 := Constructor(2)
fmt.Println(obj1)
// lRUCache.put(1, 1); // cache is {1=1}
obj1.Put(1,1)
fmt.Println(obj1)
// lRUCache.put(2, 2); // cache is {1=1, 2=2}
obj1.Put(2,2)
fmt.Println(obj1)
// lRUCache.get(1); // return 1
fmt.Println(obj1.Get(1)) // 1
// lRUCache.put(3, 3); // LRU key was 2, evicts key 2, cache is {1=1, 3=3}
obj1.Put(3,3)
fmt.Println(obj1)
// lRUCache.get(2); // returns -1 (not found)
fmt.Println(obj1.Get(2)) // -1
// lRUCache.put(4, 4); // LRU key was 1, evicts key 1, cache is {4=4, 3=3}
obj1.Put(4,4)
fmt.Println(obj1)
// lRUCache.get(1); // return -1 (not found)
fmt.Println(obj1.Get(1)) // -1
// lRUCache.get(3); // return 3
fmt.Println(obj1.Get(3)) // 3
// lRUCache.get(4); // return 4
fmt.Println(obj1.Get(4)) // 4
}