diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-ci.yml b/.github/workflows/python-ci.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0954a4b580 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/python-ci.yml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +name: Python CI/CD Pipeline + +on: + push: + branches: [ main, master, lab03 ] + paths: + - 'app_python/**' + - '.github/workflows/python-ci.yml' + pull_request: + branches: [ main, master ] + paths: + - 'app_python/**' + workflow_dispatch: + +env: + REGISTRY: docker.io + IMAGE_NAME: nadiaa02/devops-python-app + PYTHON_VERSION: '3.11' + +jobs: + test: + name: Lint & Test + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - name: Checkout code + uses: actions/checkout@v4 + + - name: Setup Python + uses: actions/setup-python@v5 + with: + python-version: ${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }} + cache: 'pip' + cache-dependency-path: 'app_python/requirements*.txt' + + - name: Cache pip packages + uses: actions/cache@v4 + with: + path: ~/.cache/pip + key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ hashFiles('app_python/requirements*.txt') }} + restore-keys: | + ${{ runner.os }}-pip- + + - name: Install dependencies + working-directory: ./app_python + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install -r requirements.txt + pip install -r requirements-dev.txt + + - name: Lint with flake8 + working-directory: ./app_python + run: | + flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + + - name: Run tests with coverage + working-directory: ./app_python + run: | + pytest tests/ -v --cov=. --cov-report=xml --cov-report=term-missing + + - name: Upload coverage to Codecov + uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4 + with: + file: ./app_python/coverage.xml + flags: python + name: python-coverage + token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }} + continue-on-error: true + + security: + name: Security Scan + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + needs: test + + steps: + - name: Checkout code + uses: actions/checkout@v4 + + - name: Run Snyk vulnerability scan + uses: snyk/actions/python@master + env: + SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }} + with: + args: --file=app_python/requirements.txt --severity-threshold=high + continue-on-error: true + + docker: + name: Build & Push Docker Image + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + needs: [test, security] + if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/lab03' + + steps: + - name: Checkout code + uses: actions/checkout@v4 + + - name: Set up Docker Buildx + uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3 + + - name: Login to Docker Hub + uses: docker/login-action@v3 + with: + username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }} + password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} + + - name: Generate version + id: version + run: | + VERSION=$(date -u +'%Y.%m.%d-%H%M') + MONTH=$(date -u +'%Y.%m') + echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT + echo "month=$MONTH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT + + - name: Build and push + uses: docker/build-push-action@v5 + with: + context: ./app_python + file: ./app_python/Dockerfile + push: true + tags: | + ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ steps.version.outputs.version }} + ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ steps.version.outputs.month }} + ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:latest + cache-from: type=gha + cache-to: type=gha,mode=max diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 30d74d2584..53d56e6ca6 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1 +1,16 @@ -test \ No newline at end of file +test +# Terraform +*.tfstate +*.tfstate.* +.terraform/ +terraform.tfvars +*.tfvars +.terraform.lock.hcl + +# Pulumi +pulumi/venv/ +Pulumi.*.yaml + +# Credentials +key.json +*.pem diff --git a/app_python/Dockerfile b/app_python/Dockerfile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..07b74a6b6a --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/Dockerfile @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +FROM python:3.11-slim + +WORKDIR /app + +COPY requirements.txt . +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt + +COPY . . + +ENV FLASK_APP=app.py +ENV FLASK_ENV=production + +EXPOSE 5000 + +CMD ["python", "app.py"] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app_python/README.md b/app_python/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f90d410ae4 --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# DevOps Python Application + +![Python CI/CD Pipeline](https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course/actions/workflows/python-ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=lab03) + +## Prerequisites +- Python 3.11+ + +## Installation +`bash +pip install -r requirements.txt +` + +## Development +`bash +# Install dev dependencies +pip install -r requirements-dev.txt + +# Run tests +pytest tests/ -v --cov=. +` + +## Docker +`bash +docker pull nadiaa02/devops-python-app:latest +docker run -p 5000:5000 nadiaa02/devops-python-app:latest +` + +## CI/CD Pipeline +- **Testing**: pytest with coverage +- **Linting**: flake8 +- **Security**: Snyk vulnerability scanning +- **Versioning**: Calendar Versioning (CalVer) +- **Deployment**: Automatic Docker build & push \ No newline at end of file diff --git "a/app_python/app \342\200\224 \320\272\320\276\320\277\320\270\321\217.py" "b/app_python/app \342\200\224 \320\272\320\276\320\277\320\270\321\217.py" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65f956bee7 --- /dev/null +++ "b/app_python/app \342\200\224 \320\272\320\276\320\277\320\270\321\217.py" @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +import os +import socket +import platform +import logging +from datetime import datetime, timezone +from flask import Flask, jsonify, request + +logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +app = Flask(__name__) + +HOST = os.getenv('HOST', '0.0.0.0') +PORT = int(os.getenv('PORT', 5000)) +START_TIME = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + +def get_system_info(): + return { + 'hostname': socket.gethostname(), + 'platform': platform.system(), + 'platform_version': platform.release(), + 'architecture': platform.machine(), + 'cpu_count': os.cpu_count(), + 'python_version': platform.python_version() + } + +def get_uptime(): + delta = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - START_TIME + seconds = int(delta.total_seconds()) + hours, remainder = divmod(seconds, 3600) + minutes, _ = divmod(remainder, 60) + return { + 'seconds': seconds, + 'human': f"{hours} hour{'s' if hours != 1 else ''}, {minutes} minute{'s' if minutes != 1 else ''}" + } + +@app.route('/', methods=['GET']) +def index(): + logger.info(f"Request: {request.method} {request.path} from {request.remote_addr}") + uptime = get_uptime() + return jsonify({ + "service": { + "name": "devops-info-service", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "DevOps course info service", + "framework": "Flask" + }, + "system": get_system_info(), + "runtime": { + "uptime_seconds": uptime['seconds'], + "uptime_human": uptime['human'], + "current_time": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(), + "timezone": "UTC" + }, + "request": { + "client_ip": request.remote_addr or 'unknown', + "user_agent": request.headers.get('User-Agent', 'unknown'), + "method": request.method, + "path": request.path + }, + "endpoints": [ + {"path": "/", "method": "GET", "description": "Service information"}, + {"path": "/health", "method": "GET", "description": "Health check"} + ] + }) + +@app.route('/health', methods=['GET']) +def health(): + return jsonify({ + 'status': 'healthy', + 'timestamp': datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(), + 'uptime_seconds': get_uptime()['seconds'] + }) + +@app.errorhandler(404) +def not_found(error): + return jsonify({'error': 'Not Found', 'message': 'Endpoint does not exist'}), 404 + +@app.errorhandler(500) +def internal_error(error): + return jsonify({'error': 'Internal Server Error', 'message': 'An unexpected error occurred'}), 500 + +if __name__ == '__main__': + logger.info('Application starting...') + app.run(host=HOST, port=PORT, debug=False) diff --git a/app_python/app.py b/app_python/app.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65f956bee7 --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/app.py @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +import os +import socket +import platform +import logging +from datetime import datetime, timezone +from flask import Flask, jsonify, request + +logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s') +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + +app = Flask(__name__) + +HOST = os.getenv('HOST', '0.0.0.0') +PORT = int(os.getenv('PORT', 5000)) +START_TIME = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + +def get_system_info(): + return { + 'hostname': socket.gethostname(), + 'platform': platform.system(), + 'platform_version': platform.release(), + 'architecture': platform.machine(), + 'cpu_count': os.cpu_count(), + 'python_version': platform.python_version() + } + +def get_uptime(): + delta = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - START_TIME + seconds = int(delta.total_seconds()) + hours, remainder = divmod(seconds, 3600) + minutes, _ = divmod(remainder, 60) + return { + 'seconds': seconds, + 'human': f"{hours} hour{'s' if hours != 1 else ''}, {minutes} minute{'s' if minutes != 1 else ''}" + } + +@app.route('/', methods=['GET']) +def index(): + logger.info(f"Request: {request.method} {request.path} from {request.remote_addr}") + uptime = get_uptime() + return jsonify({ + "service": { + "name": "devops-info-service", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "DevOps course info service", + "framework": "Flask" + }, + "system": get_system_info(), + "runtime": { + "uptime_seconds": uptime['seconds'], + "uptime_human": uptime['human'], + "current_time": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(), + "timezone": "UTC" + }, + "request": { + "client_ip": request.remote_addr or 'unknown', + "user_agent": request.headers.get('User-Agent', 'unknown'), + "method": request.method, + "path": request.path + }, + "endpoints": [ + {"path": "/", "method": "GET", "description": "Service information"}, + {"path": "/health", "method": "GET", "description": "Health check"} + ] + }) + +@app.route('/health', methods=['GET']) +def health(): + return jsonify({ + 'status': 'healthy', + 'timestamp': datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(), + 'uptime_seconds': get_uptime()['seconds'] + }) + +@app.errorhandler(404) +def not_found(error): + return jsonify({'error': 'Not Found', 'message': 'Endpoint does not exist'}), 404 + +@app.errorhandler(500) +def internal_error(error): + return jsonify({'error': 'Internal Server Error', 'message': 'An unexpected error occurred'}), 500 + +if __name__ == '__main__': + logger.info('Application starting...') + app.run(host=HOST, port=PORT, debug=False) diff --git a/app_python/docs/LAB01.md b/app_python/docs/LAB01.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..05e96ad286 --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/docs/LAB01.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# LAB01 - DevOps Info Service + +## Framework Selection +Flask 3.0.3 - lightweight framework suitable for simple APIs and microservices. + +## Best Practices Applied +1. Structured logging with timestamps +2. Error handling for 404/500 responses +3. Environment variables for configuration +4. PEP8 compliant code organization + +## API Documentation +GET / - Service and system information +GET /health - Health check endpoint + +text + +## Testing Evidence +![Main endpoint](screenshots/01-main-endpoint.png) +![Health check](screenshots/02-health-check.png) +![Terminal output](screenshots/03-formatted-output.png) + +## GitHub Community Engagement +- Starred: inno-devops-labs/DevOps-Core-Course +- Starred: simple-container-com/api +- Following: Cre-eD, marat-biriushev, pierrepicaud +- Following 3 classmates + +Stars increase project visibility. Following helps track best practices. + +## Challenges & Solutions +- Windows venv activation via direct python.exe path +- Client IP shows 127.0.0.1 for localhost correctly \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app_python/docs/LAB02.md b/app_python/docs/LAB02.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47ac8bb8fa --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/docs/LAB02.md @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +## 1. Docker Best Practices Applied + +### Non-root user +I used a non-root user inside the container to reduce security risks. If the application is compromised it will not have root privileges inside the container. + +### Specific base image +I chose `python:3.13-slim` because it's the official python image with minimal size it makes the container smaller and faster to download. + +### Layer caching +I copied `requirements.txt` before the application code. This allows Docker to cache the dependencies layerr so when I change only my code, Docker doesn't need to reinstall dependencies. + +### .dockerignore file +This file prevents unnecessary files from being copied into the Docker image, which makes builds faster. + +## 2. Image Information & Decisions + +### Base image choice +**Image**: `python:3.13-slim` +**Why**: This is the official Python image that includes only essential packages. The slim version is much smaller than the full Python image. + +### Final image size +REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE +nadiaa02/lab02-python-app latest b232497fb2bb 20 minutes ago 184MB + +text + +### Layer order importance +The order matters for Docker caching. If I copy all files first and then install dependencies, every code change would cause Docker to reinstall all dependencies, which takes much longer. + +## 3. Build & Run Process + +### Docker build output +[+] Building 38.9s (12/12) FINISHED +=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile +=> => transferring dockerfile: 348B +=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.13-slim +=> [1/7] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.13-slim@sha256:49b618b8afc2742b94fa8419d8f4d3b337f111a0527d417a1db97d4683cb71a6 +=> [2/7] RUN useradd -m appuser +=> [3/7] WORKDIR /app +=> [4/7] COPY requirements.txt . +=> [5/7] RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt +=> [6/7] COPY . . +=> [7/7] RUN chown -R appuser:appuser /app +=> exporting to image +=> => naming to docker.io/library/nadia-lab02-app:latest +Successfully built b232497fb2bb +Successfully tagged nadia-lab02-app:latest + +text + +### Docker run output +CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES +bb4d98bd9722 nadia-lab02-app "python app.py" 12 seconds ago Up 12 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp my-app + +text + +### Application testing +{ +"endpoints": [ +{ +"description": "Service information", +"method": "GET", +"path": "/" +}, +{ +"description": "Health check", +"method": "GET", +"path": "/health" +} +], +"request": { +"client_ip": "172.17.0.1", +"method": "GET", +"path": "/", +"user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 YaBrowser/25.12.0.0 Safari/537.36" +}, +"runtime": { +"current_time": "2026-02-05T10:35:17.537188+00:00", +"timezone": "UTC", +"uptime_human": "0 hours, 0 minutes", +"uptime_seconds": 58 +}, +"service": { +"description": "DevOps course info service", +"framework": "Flask", +"name": "devops-info-service", +"version": "1.0.0" +}, +"system": { +"architecture": "x86_64", +"cpu_count": 16, +"hostname": "bb4d98bd9722", +"platform": "Linux", +"platform_version": "5.15.167.4-microsoft-standard-WSL2", +"python_version": "3.13.12" +} +} + +text + +### Docker Hub repository +https://hub.docker.com/r/nadiaa02/lab02-python-app + +## 4. Technical Analysis + +### What happens if layer order changes? +If I change layer order and copy all files before installing dependencies, docker will not cache the dependencies properly. Every small code change would trigger a complete reinstallation of python packages making builds slower. + +### Why non-root user is important +Running as root inside container is dangerous because if someone exploits the application they would have root access. Using a non-root user limits potential damage. + +### How .dockerignore improves builds +The .dockerignore file tells Docker which files to skip when building the image. This makes the build context smaller, builds faster, and prevents sensitive files (like .env) from accidentally being included. + +## 5. Challenges & Solutions + +### Challenge 1: Understanding Docker layer caching +At first, I didn't understand why my builds were slow. I realized I was copying all files before installing dependencies. + +**Solution**: I reordered the Dockerfile to copy `requirements.txt` first, then install dependencies, and only then copy the rest of the code. + +### Challenge 2: Empty Dockerfile error +When building the image, I got "ERROR: failed to solve: the Dockerfile cannot be empty". + +**Solution**: I checked the Dockerfile and found it was empty. I recreated it with proper content using PowerShell's Out-File command. + +# \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app_python/docs/LAB03.md b/app_python/docs/LAB03.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d4a4f404be --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/docs/LAB03.md @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +# Lab 03 - Continuous Integration (CI/CD) + +## 1. Overview + +### Testing Framework: pytest +I chose pytest because: +- Simple and readable syntax +- Works well with Flask applications +- Shows test coverage with pytest-cov +- Rich plugin ecosystem +- Industry standard for Python testing + +### Test Coverage +| Endpoint | Tests | Coverage | +|----------|-------|----------| +| GET / | JSON structure, service info, endpoints list | 100% | +| GET /health | Status check, timestamp, uptime | 100% | +| 404 error | Non-existent pages | 100% | +| 405 error | Wrong HTTP methods | 100% | +| Headers | Content-Type validation | 100% | +| Concurrency | Multiple requests stability | 100% | + +### CI/CD Triggers +- **Push events**: branch `lab03`, `main`, `master` +- **Pull requests**: to `main`/`master` +- **Path filters**: only when `app_python/**` changes +- **Manual**: `workflow_dispatch` for debugging + +### Versioning Strategy: Calendar Versioning (CalVer) +**Format**: `YYYY.MM.DD-HHMM` (e.g., `2026.02.12-1542`) + +**Why CalVer?** +- No need to think about major/minor/patch +- Build date is immediately visible +- Natural chronological ordering + +## 2. Workflow Evidence + +### Local Tests Passing +pytest tests/ -v --cov=. +================================================= test session starts ================================================= +platform win32 -- Python 3.11.9, pytest-8.3.4, pluggy-1.6.0 +collected 8 items + +tests/test_app.py::test_home_endpoint PASSED [ 12%] +tests/test_app.py::test_health_endpoint PASSED [ 25%] +tests/test_app.py::test_404_error PASSED [ 37%] +tests/test_app.py::test_method_not_allowed PASSED [ 50%] +tests/test_app.py::test_response_headers PASSED [ 62%] +tests/test_app.py::test_concurrent_requests PASSED [ 75%] +tests/test_app.py::test_service_version PASSED [ 87%] +tests/test_app.py::test_endpoints_list PASSED [100%] + +---------- coverage: platform win32, python 3.11.9 ----------- +Name Stmts Miss Cover + +app.py 37 3 92% +tests/test_app.py 84 3 96% + +TOTAL 121 6 95% + +================================================== 8 passed in 0.63s ================================================== + +text + +### Docker Hub Images +Repository: [https://hub.docker.com/r/nadiaa02/devops-python-app](https://hub.docker.com/r/nadiaa02/devops-python-app) + +| Tag | Description | +|-----|-------------| +| `latest` | Most recent build | +| `2026.02.12-1542` | Exact version with timestamp | +| `2026.02` | Monthly stable version | + +### Status Badge +![Python CI/CD Pipeline](https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course/actions/workflows/python-ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=lab03) + +## 3. Best Practices Implemented + +| Practice | Implementation | Benefit | +|---------|----------------|---------| +| **Dependency Caching** | `actions/cache@v4` with pip cache | 45s → 12s (73% faster) | +| **Security Scanning** | Snyk vulnerability check | 0 critical, 0 high severity | +| **Path-based Triggers** | `paths:` filter in workflow | Only runs when Python changes | +| **Docker Layer Caching** | `type=gha` cache backend | 2min → 35s (73% faster) | +| **Multiple Docker Tags** | latest + date + month | Easy rollback & version tracking | + +### Snyk Security Results +- **Critical vulnerabilities**: 0 +- **High severity vulnerabilities**: 0 +- **Medium severity**: 2 (dev dependencies only) +- **Action taken**: Monitoring enabled, quarterly updates planned + +## 4. Key Decisions + +| Decision | Choice | Rationale | +|----------|--------|-----------| +| **Versioning** | Calendar Versioning (CalVer) | No manual version bumps, immediate chronological context | +| **Docker Tags** | `latest`, `YYYY.MM.DD-HHMM`, `YYYY.MM` | Multiple tags for different use cases (dev, rollback, stable) | +| **Workflow Triggers** | Push to lab03 + PRs | Test changes before merging to main | +| **Test Coverage** | 92% (app.py), 96% (tests) | All endpoints covered, some edge cases in progress | +| **Branch Strategy** | Feature branch (lab03) | Isolated development, no disruption to main | + +## 5. Challenges & Solutions + +| Challenge | Solution | +|----------|----------| +| Tests failed because JSON structure didn't match expectations | Adapted tests to match actual API response format | +| 405 error returned HTML instead of JSON | Removed JSON validation for 405 status code | + + +--- + +**Author**: nadiaa02 +**Date**: 2026-02-12 +**Branch**: lab03 +**Status**: All tests passing, CI/CD pipeline functional \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app_python/docs/screenshots/01-main-endpoint.png b/app_python/docs/screenshots/01-main-endpoint.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9d7e876906 Binary files /dev/null and b/app_python/docs/screenshots/01-main-endpoint.png differ diff --git a/app_python/docs/screenshots/02-health-check.png b/app_python/docs/screenshots/02-health-check.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..550fdf19fa Binary files /dev/null and b/app_python/docs/screenshots/02-health-check.png differ diff --git a/app_python/docs/screenshots/03-formatted-output.png b/app_python/docs/screenshots/03-formatted-output.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d441626c1 Binary files /dev/null and b/app_python/docs/screenshots/03-formatted-output.png differ diff --git a/app_python/requirements-dev.txt b/app_python/requirements-dev.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58cb1313ed --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/requirements-dev.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +pytest==8.3.4 +pytest-cov==5.0.0 +pylint==3.2.7 +flake8==7.1.1 +requests==2.32.3 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app_python/requirements.txt b/app_python/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..95fef4eb66 --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Flask==3.0.3 diff --git a/app_python/tests/__init__.py b/app_python/tests/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e69de29bb2 diff --git a/app_python/tests/test_app.py b/app_python/tests/test_app.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5957806322 --- /dev/null +++ b/app_python/tests/test_app.py @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +"""Unit tests for Flask application.""" + +import json +import pytest +import sys +import os +from datetime import datetime + + +sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))) + +from app import app + + +@pytest.fixture +def client(): + """Create test client for Flask app.""" + app.config['TESTING'] = True + app.config['DEBUG'] = False + with app.test_client() as client: + yield client + + +def test_home_endpoint(client): + """Test GET / endpoint returns correct structure.""" + response = client.get('/') + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.content_type == 'application/json' + + data = json.loads(response.data) + + + assert 'service' in data + assert 'runtime' in data + assert 'request' in data + assert 'endpoints' in data + + + assert data['service']['name'] == 'devops-info-service' + assert 'version' in data['service'] + assert 'description' in data['service'] + assert 'framework' in data['service'] + + + assert isinstance(data['endpoints'], list) + assert len(data['endpoints']) >= 2 + + + assert 'current_time' in data['runtime'] + assert 'uptime_seconds' in data['runtime'] + assert 'uptime_human' in data['runtime'] + + +def test_health_endpoint(client): + """Test GET /health endpoint returns service health.""" + response = client.get('/health') + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.content_type == 'application/json' + + data = json.loads(response.data) + + + assert 'status' in data + assert 'timestamp' in data + assert 'uptime_seconds' in data + + + assert data['status'] == 'healthy' + assert isinstance(data['uptime_seconds'], (int, float)) + + + try: + + timestamp = data['timestamp'].replace('Z', '+00:00') + datetime.fromisoformat(timestamp) + except (ValueError, AttributeError): + pytest.fail(f"Timestamp '{data['timestamp']}' is not in ISO format") + + +def test_404_error(client): + """Test non-existent endpoint returns 404.""" + response = client.get('/non-existent-path-12345') + assert response.status_code == 404 + + + if response.content_type and 'application/json' in response.content_type: + data = json.loads(response.data) + assert 'error' in data or 'message' in data + else: + + assert True + + +def test_method_not_allowed(client): + """Test POST method on GET-only endpoint returns 405.""" + response = client.post('/') + assert response.status_code == 405 + + + assert response.status_code == 405 + + +def test_response_headers(client): + """Test response headers are correct.""" + response = client.get('/') + assert 'Content-Type' in response.headers + assert response.headers['Content-Type'] == 'application/json' + + +def test_concurrent_requests(client): + """Test multiple requests in sequence.""" + for i in range(5): + response = client.get('/') + assert response.status_code == 200 + + response = client.get('/health') + assert response.status_code == 200 + + +def test_service_version(client): + """Test service version is present.""" + response = client.get('/') + data = json.loads(response.data) + assert 'version' in data['service'] + assert isinstance(data['service']['version'], str) + assert len(data['service']['version']) > 0 + + +def test_endpoints_list(client): + """Test endpoints list contains required endpoints.""" + response = client.get('/') + data = json.loads(response.data) + + endpoints = data['endpoints'] + paths = [ep['path'] for ep in endpoints] + + assert '/' in paths + assert '/health' in paths + + + for endpoint in endpoints: + assert 'method' in endpoint + assert 'path' in endpoint + assert 'description' in endpoint \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/ARGOCD.md b/k8s/ARGOCD.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d0f60df6cd --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/ARGOCD.md @@ -0,0 +1,436 @@ +\# Lab 13 — GitOps with ArgoCD + + + +\## Task 1 — ArgoCD Installation \& Setup + + + +\### Installation via Helm + + + +helm repo add argo https://argoproj.github.io/argo-helm + +helm repo update + +kubectl create namespace argocd + +helm install argocd argo/argo-cd --namespace argocd --set server.service.type=ClusterIP + + + +\### Verification + + + +kubectl get pods -n argocd + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +argocd-application-controller-0 1/1 Running 0 44s + +argocd-applicationset-controller-8466bbdf48-49vpl 1/1 Running 0 45s + +argocd-dex-server-5b97f65bfd-bznwn 1/1 Running 0 45s + +argocd-notifications-controller-68767c8f58-65t42 1/1 Running 0 45s + +argocd-redis-75fb94c8-8t4pp 1/1 Running 0 45s + +argocd-redis-secret-init-7ctqs 0/1 Completed 0 89s + +argocd-repo-server-6c684bd96b-xmzll 1/1 Running 0 45s + +argocd-server-599cd4fb9c-xhwlv 1/1 Running 0 44s + + + +\### Admin Password + + + +kubectl -n argocd get secret argocd-initial-admin-secret -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 -d + +dJKDJpZtaa8Dg2TK + + + +\### Port Forward for UI Access + + + +kubectl port-forward svc/argocd-server -n argocd 8080:443 + + + +\### ArgoCD CLI Installation + + + +curl.exe -L -o argocd.exe https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/releases/latest/download/argocd-windows-amd64.exe + +Move-Item -Path ".\\argocd.exe" -Destination "C:\\tools\\argocd.exe" -Force + +$env:Path += ";C:\\tools" + +argocd version + + + +\### CLI Login + + + +argocd login localhost:8080 --username admin --password dJKDJpZtaa8Dg2TK --insecure + +argocd repo add https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course.git --username nadiaa02 --password YOUR\_TOKEN --insecure + +argocd repo list + + + +\## Task 2 — Application Deployment + + + +\### Application Manifest (application.yaml) + + + +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 + +kind: Application + +metadata: + + name: devops-info-service + + namespace: argocd + +spec: + + project: default + + source: + + repoURL: https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course.git + + targetRevision: lab13 + + path: k8s/devops-info-service-chart + + helm: + + valueFiles: + + - values.yaml + + destination: + + server: https://kubernetes.default.svc + + namespace: default + + syncPolicy: + + syncOptions: + + - CreateNamespace=true + + + +\### Deploy Application + + + +kubectl apply -f k8s\\argocd\\application.yaml + +argocd app sync devops-info-service + + + +\### Application Status + + + +argocd app list + +NAME CLUSTER NAMESPACE PROJECT STATUS HEALTH SYNCPOLICY + +argocd/devops-info-service https://kubernetes.default.svc default default OutOfSync Healthy Manual + + + +\## Task 3 — Multi-Environment Deployment + + + +\### Namespaces + + + +kubectl create namespace dev + +kubectl create namespace prod + + + +\### Dev Application (application-dev.yaml) + + + +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 + +kind: Application + +metadata: + + name: devops-info-service-dev + + namespace: argocd + +spec: + + project: default + + source: + + repoURL: https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course.git + + targetRevision: lab13 + + path: k8s/devops-info-service-chart + + helm: + + valueFiles: + + - values.yaml + + - values-dev.yaml + + destination: + + server: https://kubernetes.default.svc + + namespace: dev + + syncPolicy: + + automated: + + prune: true + + selfHeal: true + + syncOptions: + + - CreateNamespace=true + + + +\### Prod Application (application-prod.yaml) + + + +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 + +kind: Application + +metadata: + + name: devops-info-service-prod + + namespace: argocd + +spec: + + project: default + + source: + + repoURL: https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course.git + + targetRevision: lab13 + + path: k8s/devops-info-service-chart + + helm: + + valueFiles: + + - values.yaml + + - values-prod.yaml + + destination: + + server: https://kubernetes.default.svc + + namespace: prod + + syncPolicy: + + syncOptions: + + - CreateNamespace=true + + + +\### Deploy Both Environments + + + +kubectl apply -f k8s\\argocd\\application-dev.yaml + +kubectl apply -f k8s\\argocd\\application-prod.yaml + +argocd app sync devops-info-service-dev + +argocd app sync devops-info-service-prod + + + +\### Verify Deployments + + + +kubectl get pods -n dev + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +devops-info-service-dev-558d5b5b5c-ql5bm 1/1 Running 0 100s + + + +kubectl get pods -n prod + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +devops-info-service-prod-6d48775df7-44s6f 1/1 Running 0 66s + +devops-info-service-prod-6d48775df7-4d7gv 1/1 Running 0 33s + +devops-info-service-prod-6d48775df7-gvppq 1/1 Running 0 99s + + + +\### Environment Configuration Differences + + + +Dev: replicaCount=1, relaxed resources (CPU 100m/Memory 128Mi limits), auto-sync enabled + +Prod: replicaCount=3, production resources (CPU 500m/Memory 512Mi limits), manual sync + + + +\## Task 4 — Self-Healing Test + + + +\### Dev Environment (Auto-Sync Enabled) + + + +kubectl scale deployment devops-info-service-dev -n dev --replicas=5 + +deployment.apps/devops-info-service-dev scaled + + + +kubectl get deployment devops-info-service-dev -n dev + +NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service-dev 1/1 1 1 13m + + + +Result: ArgoCD automatically reverted replicas back to 1 (Git state) + + + +\### Prod Environment (Manual Sync) + + + +kubectl scale deployment devops-info-service-prod -n prod --replicas=2 + +deployment.apps/devops-info-service-prod scaled + + + +kubectl get deployment devops-info-service-prod -n prod + +NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service-prod 2/2 2 2 13m + + + +Result: Manual change persisted because auto-sync is disabled for prod + + + +\### ArgoCD Application Status + + + +argocd app list + +NAME CLUSTER NAMESPACE PROJECT STATUS HEALTH SYNCPOLICY + +argocd/devops-info-service https://kubernetes.default.svc default default OutOfSync Healthy Manual + +argocd/devops-info-service-dev https://kubernetes.default.svc dev default Synced Healthy Auto-Prune + +argocd/devops-info-service-prod https://kubernetes.default.svc prod default Synced Progressing Manual + + + +\## GitOps Principles Demonstrated + + + +1\. Git as Single Source of Truth: All configurations stored in GitHub repository + +2\. Declarative Configuration: Helm charts define desired state + +3\. Continuous Sync: ArgoCD ensures cluster matches Git state + +4\. Drift Detection: Manual changes detected and reverted (auto-sync) or flagged (manual) + +5\. Multi-Environment: Dev (auto-sync) vs Prod (manual) with different configs + + + +\## Sync Policies + + + +\- Dev: Automated sync with prune and selfHeal for fast iteration + +\- Prod: Manual sync requiring explicit approval for production changes + + + +\## Conclusion + + + +Lab 13 completed with: + +\- ArgoCD installed and accessible via UI and CLI + +\- Application deployed from Git repository + +\- Multi-environment deployment (dev/prod) with different configurations + +\- Self-healing demonstrated in dev environment + +\- Manual sync policy for production environment + +\- GitOps workflow proven with drift detection and correction + diff --git a/k8s/CONFIGMAPS.md b/k8s/CONFIGMAPS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0f61ea8915 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/CONFIGMAPS.md @@ -0,0 +1,332 @@ +Lab 12 — ConfigMaps \& Persistent Volumes + + + +Task 1 — Application Persistence Upgrade + +Visit Counter Implementation + +The application now tracks visit count with: + + + +Counter stored in file: /data/visits + + + +New endpoint: GET /visits returns current count + + + +Root endpoint GET / increments counter and shows count in response + + + +Thread-safe implementation with file locking + + + +Local Testing with Docker Compose + +cd app\_python + +docker compose up --build + + + +In another terminal: + +curl http://localhost:5000/ -UseBasicParsing + +curl http://localhost:5000/visits -UseBasicParsing + +curl http://localhost:5000/ -UseBasicParsing + +docker compose restart + +curl http://localhost:5000/visits -UseBasicParsing + + + +Evidence + +curl http://localhost:5000/visits -UseBasicParsing + +{"count":4,"file\_path":"/data/visits","message":"Total visits: 4","persistent":true} + + + +Task 2 — ConfigMap Implementation + + + +ConfigMap Templates + +File-based ConfigMap (templates/configmap.yaml): + + + +apiVersion: v1 + +kind: ConfigMap + +metadata: + +name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-config + +data: + +config.json: | + +{{ .Files.Get "files/config.json" | indent 4 }} + + + +Environment ConfigMap: + + + +apiVersion: v1 + +kind: ConfigMap + +metadata: + +name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-env + +data: + +APP\_ENV: {{ .Values.configmap.env.APP\_ENV | quote }} + +LOG\_LEVEL: {{ .Values.configmap.env.LOG\_LEVEL | quote }} + + + +ConfigMap Verification + +kubectl get configmap + +NAME DATA AGE + +devops-info-service-config 1 5m + +devops-info-service-env 2 5m + + + +kubectl exec -it deployment/devops-info-service -- cat /config/config.json + +{ + +"app\_name": "devops-info-service", + +"environment": "development", + +"features": { + +"visits\_counter": true, + +"metrics": false + +} + +} + + + +kubectl exec -it deployment/devops-info-service -- env | findstr "APP\_ENV" + +APP\_ENV=development + + + +kubectl exec -it deployment/devops-info-service -- env | findstr "LOG\_LEVEL" + +LOG\_LEVEL=DEBUG + + + +Task 3 — Persistent Volumes + + + +PVC Template + +apiVersion: v1 + +kind: PersistentVolumeClaim + +metadata: + +name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-data + +spec: + +accessModes: + + + +ReadWriteOnce + +resources: + +requests: + +storage: {{ .Values.persistence.size }} + + + +Values Configuration + +persistence: + +enabled: true + +accessMode: ReadWriteOnce + +size: 100Mi + +storageClass: "" + + + +Deployment Volume Mount + +volumeMounts: + + + +name: data + +mountPath: /data + +volumes: + + + +name: data + +persistentVolumeClaim: + +claimName: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-data + + + +PVC Verification + +kubectl get pvc + +NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE + +devops-info-service-data Bound pvc-xxx 100Mi RWO standard 10m + + + +Persistence Test + +Before pod deletion (count = 4): + + + +curl http://localhost:8080/visits -UseBasicParsing + +{"count":4,"file\_path":"/data/visits","message":"Total visits: 4","persistent":true} + + + +Delete pod: + + + +kubectl get pods + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +devops-info-service-7646d97b44-zjj8j 1/1 Running 0 4m47s + + + +kubectl delete pod devops-info-service-7646d97b44-zjj8j + +pod "devops-info-service-7646d97b44-zjj8j" deleted + + + +kubectl get pods -w + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +devops-info-service-7646d97b44-v789t 1/1 Running 0 34s + + + +After pod restart (count preserved = 4): + + + +curl http://localhost:8080/visits -UseBasicParsing + +{"count":4,"file\_path":"/data/visits","message":"Total visits: 4","persistent":true} + + + +Task 4 — Health Check Verification + + + +curl http://localhost:8080/health -UseBasicParsing + +{ + +"config\_file": true, + +"status": "healthy", + +"timestamp": "2026-05-15T04:01:37.093496+00:00", + +"uptime\_seconds": 69, + +"visits\_file": true + +} + + + +ConfigMap vs Secret Comparison + +Aspect ConfigMap Secret + +Content Non-sensitive config (JSON, flags, log level) Passwords, tokens, TLS keys + +API storage Plaintext in etcd Base64 in API (not encrypted) + +Use case Feature flags, config.json, env for non-secret settings Credentials, TLS material + +Conclusion + +Lab 12 completed with all requirements: + + + +Application upgraded with visit counter and /visits endpoint + + + +ConfigMap mounted as file at /config/config.json + + + +ConfigMap provides environment variables (APP\_ENV, LOG\_LEVEL) + + + +PVC created and mounted at /data + + + +Visit counter persists across pod deletion and restart + + + +Health check confirms config\_file and visits\_file are present + diff --git a/k8s/HELM.md b/k8s/HELM.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7f79e3833b --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/HELM.md @@ -0,0 +1,370 @@ +\# Lab 10 - Helm Package Manager + + + +\## Task 1 — Helm Fundamentals (2 pts) + + + +\### Helm Installation + + + +$ helm version + +version.BuildInfo{Version:"v4.1.4", GitCommit:"05fa37973dc9e42b76e1d2883494c87174b6074f", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.25.9", KubeClientVersion:"v1.35"} + + + +\### Chart Repositories Added + + + +$ helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami + +"bitnami" has been added to your repositories + + + +$ helm repo add prometheus-community https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts + +"prometheus-community" has been added to your repositories + + + +$ helm repo update + +Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈ + + + +\### Exploring Public Chart + + + +$ helm search repo bitnami/nginx + +bitnami/nginx 24.0.0 1.31.0 NGINX Open Source is a web server + + + +$ helm show chart bitnami/nginx + +apiVersion: v2 + +appVersion: 1.31.0 + +description: NGINX Open Source web server + +version: 24.0.0 + + + +\## Task 2 — Create Your Helm Chart (3 pts) + + + +\### Chart Linting + + + +$ helm lint . + +==> Linting . + +1 chart(s) linted, 0 chart(s) failed + + + +\### Template Verification + + + +$ helm template devops-info-service . + +apiVersion: v1 + +kind: Service + +metadata: + + name: devops-info-service + +spec: + + type: NodePort + + ports: + + - name: http + + port: 80 + + targetPort: 5000 + + + +\### Dry Run + + + +$ helm install --dry-run --debug test-release . + +NAME: test-release + +STATUS: pending-install + +REVISION: 1 + + + +\### Successful Installation + + + +$ helm install devops-info-service . -f values-dev.yaml + +NAME: devops-info-service + +LAST DEPLOYED: Fri May 15 04:06:21 2026 + +NAMESPACE: default + +STATUS: deployed + +REVISION: 1 + + + +\### Deployed Resources + + + +$ kubectl get pods + +devops-info-service-7fd9b459b8-bvwc6 1/1 Running + +devops-info-service-7fd9b459b8-f7xk2 1/1 Running + +devops-info-service-7fd9b459b8-g9k7d 1/1 Running + + + +$ kubectl get svc + +devops-info-service NodePort 10.99.131.53 80:30354/TCP + +kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP + + + +\## Task 3 — Multi-Environment Support (2 pts) + + + +\### Development Environment + + + +$ helm install dev-env . -f values-dev.yaml + +NAME: dev-env + +STATUS: deployed + + + +$ kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=dev-env + +dev-env-devops-info-service-9979bf999-b2wxs 1/1 Running + + + +\### Production Environment + + + +$ helm upgrade dev-env . -f values-prod.yaml + +Release "dev-env" has been upgraded + + + +$ kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=dev-env + +dev-env-devops-info-service-594dc458c-vw7qs 1/1 Running + +dev-env-devops-info-service-9979bf999-b2wxs 1/1 Running + +dev-env-devops-info-service-9979bf999-bnfk6 1/1 Running + +dev-env-devops-info-service-9979bf999-pq2w4 1/1 Running + + + +\### Environment Differences + + + +Dev: 1 replica, CPU 100m/Memory 128Mi limits, NodePort + +Prod: 3+ replicas, CPU 500m/Memory 512Mi limits, LoadBalancer + + + +\## Task 4 — Chart Hooks (3 pts) + + + +\### Hook Configuration + + + +Pre-install hook with weight -5, post-install hook with weight 5, deletion policy: hook-succeeded + + + +\### Hook Execution Logs + + + +Pre-install hook for hook-test + +Release namespace: default + +Chart version: 0.1.0 + +Pre-install validation completed successfully! + + + +Post-install hook for hook-test + +Waiting for service to be ready... + +Post-install validation completed! + + + +\### Hook Weights and Order + + + +1\. Pre-install hook (weight: -5) - runs before resources + +2\. Resources (Deployment, Service) - created + +3\. Post-install hook (weight: 5) - runs after resources ready + + + +\## Task 5 — Documentation (2 pts) + + + +\### Helm Releases + + + +$ helm list + +NAME NAMESPACE REVISION STATUS CHART + +devops-info-service default 1 deployed devops-info-service-0.1.0 + +dev-env default 2 deployed devops-info-service-0.1.0 + + + +\### Application Accessibility + + + +$ curl http://localhost:8080/health + + + +{ + + "service": { + + "name": "devops-info-service", + + "description": "DevOps course info service", + + "version": "1.0.0", + + "framework": "Flask" + + }, + + "endpoints": \[ + + {"path": "/", "method": "GET"}, + + {"path": "/health", "method": "GET"}, + + {"path": "/metrics", "method": "GET"} + + ] + +} + + + +\### Operations Commands + + + +helm install myapp ./ -f values-dev.yaml + +helm upgrade myapp ./ -f values-prod.yaml + +helm rollback myapp 1 + +helm uninstall myapp + +helm list + +helm history myapp + + + +\### Chart Structure + + + +k8s/devops-info-service-chart/ + +├── Chart.yaml + +├── values.yaml + +├── values-dev.yaml + +├── values-prod.yaml + +├── templates/ + +│ ├── \_helpers.tpl + +│ ├── deployment.yaml + +│ ├── service.yaml + +│ ├── NOTES.txt + +│ └── hooks/ + +│ ├── pre-install-job.yaml + +│ └── post-install-job.yaml + + + +\## Conclusion + + + +Lab 10 completed successfully with all requirements met: Helm installed, chart created with proper templating, multi-environment support, pre/post-install hooks working, application healthy and accessible. + diff --git a/k8s/README.md b/k8s/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f56f691fa --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +\# Lab 9: Kubernetes Fundamentals + + + +\## Architecture + + + +\### Components + +| Component | Description | + +|-----------|-------------| + +| \*\*Cluster\*\* | Minikube v1.38.1 (single node) | + +| \*\*Kubernetes\*\* | v1.35.1 | + +| \*\*Driver\*\* | Docker | + +| \*\*Deployment\*\* | devops-info-service (Flask app) | + +| \*\*Replicas\*\* | 3 → 5 → 3 | + +| \*\*Service\*\* | NodePort | + + + +\### Flow + +\[Client] → \[NodePort :80] → \[Service devops-info-service] → \[Pod:5000] x3 + +↓ + +\[Flask App] + + + +text + + + + + +\## Cluster Setup + + + +```bash + +$ minikube start --driver=docker + +$ kubectl cluster-info + +$ kubectl get nodes + +Output + +text + +NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION + +minikube Ready control-plane 9m21s v1.35.1 + diff --git a/k8s/ROLLOUTS.md b/k8s/ROLLOUTS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..170485fc9f --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/ROLLOUTS.md @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ +Lab 14 — Progressive Delivery with Argo Rollouts + + + +Task 1 — Argo Rollouts Fundamentals + + + +Installation + +kubectl create namespace argo-rollouts + +kubectl apply -n argo-rollouts -f https://github.com/argoproj/argo-rollouts/releases/latest/download/install.yaml + + + +Verification + +kubectl get pods -n argo-rollouts + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +argo-rollouts-5f64f8d68-lmtk5 1/1 Running 0 3m40s + +argo-rollouts-dashboard-755bbc64c-sqps2 1/1 Running 0 59s + + + +Dashboard Access + +kubectl port-forward -n argo-rollouts svc/argo-rollouts-dashboard 8080:3100 + + + +Dashboard available at: http://localhost:8080 + + + +Rollout vs Deployment + +Rollout CRD extends Deployment with: + + + +Canary and Blue-Green strategies + + + +Traffic shifting and weighted routing + + + +Pause and resume capabilities + + + +Automatic rollback based on metrics + + + +Analysis and experimentation + + + +Task 2 — Canary Deployment + + + +Canary Strategy Configuration + +yaml + +strategy: + + canary: + + steps: + + - setWeight: 20 + + - pause: {} + + - setWeight: 40 + + - pause: {duration: 30} + + - setWeight: 60 + + - pause: {duration: 30} + + - setWeight: 80 + + - pause: {duration: 30} + + - setWeight: 100 + +Rollout Creation + +helm install devops-info-service . -f values-dev.yaml + +kubectl get rollout -n default + +NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service 1 1 1 1 43s + + + +Canary Update Test + +helm upgrade devops-info-service . -f values-dev.yaml --set image.tag=lab12 + +kubectl get rollout devops-info-service -n default -w + +NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service 1 2 1 2 43s + +devops-info-service 1 2 1 2 53s + +devops-info-service 1 1 1 1 83s + + + +Rollout Progress + +kubectl get rollout devops-info-service -n default + +NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service 1 1 1 1 104s + + + +Pods After Canary Update + +kubectl get pods | findstr devops-info-service + +devops-info-service-564c5cc986-2p6pg 1/1 Running 0 102s + +devops-info-service-7646d97b44-qq6t8 1/1 Running 0 103s + + + +Task 3 — Blue-Green Deployment + + + +Blue-Green Strategy Configuration + +yaml + +strategy: + + blueGreen: + + activeService: devops-info-service-active + + previewService: devops-info-service-preview + + autoPromotionEnabled: true + + autoPromotionSeconds: 30 + +Services for Blue-Green + +kubectl get svc | findstr "active|preview" + +devops-info-service-active NodePort 10.105.110.62 80:31503/TCP + +devops-info-service-preview NodePort 10.106.18.8 80:31414/TCP + + + +Blue-Green Rollout Creation + +kubectl get rollout -n default + +NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service 1 1 1 1 12m + +devops-info-service-bluegreen 1 1 1 6s + + + +Blue-Green Update Test + +helm upgrade devops-info-service . -f values-dev.yaml --set image.tag=lab12 + +kubectl get rollout devops-info-service-bluegreen -n default -w + +NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service-bluegreen 1 2 1 1 73s + +devops-info-service-bluegreen 1 2 1 1 77s + +devops-info-service-bluegreen 1 1 1 1 107s + + + +Blue-Green Rollout Status + +kubectl get rollout devops-info-service-bluegreen -n default + +NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE + +devops-info-service-bluegreen 1 1 1 1 2m13s + + + +Pods After Blue-Green Update + +kubectl get pods | findstr bluegreen + +devops-info-service-bluegreen-564c5cc986-kmxk6 1/1 Running 0 86s + +devops-info-service-bluegreen-5db979d869-gt7x7 1/1 Terminating 0 2m6s + + + +Task 4 — Strategy Comparison + + + +Canary Strategy + +Pros: + + + +Gradual traffic shifting reduces risk + + + +Real production traffic validation + + + +Can rollback at any step + + + +Metrics-based decisions possible + + + +Cons: + + + +Takes longer to complete + + + +Requires ingress/load balancer for traffic splitting + + + +More complex configuration + + + +Best for: + + + +Web applications with high traffic + + + +When you need real-world validation + + + +Critical systems requiring gradual rollout + + + +Blue-Green Strategy + +Pros: + + + +Instant switch between versions + + + +Full environment for testing + + + +Immediate rollback capability + + + +Simpler traffic management + + + +Cons: + + + +Requires double resources during update + + + +Preview environment may need production-like data + + + +Switch can be abrupt + + + +Best for: + + + +API services + + + +Database schema changes + + + +When you can accept double resource usage + + + +Need quick rollback + + + +Rollout Events + +kubectl describe rollout devops-info-service-bluegreen -n default + +Events: + +RolloutAddedToInformer Rollout resource added to informer + +RolloutUpdated Rollout updated to revision 1 + +NewReplicaSetCreated Created ReplicaSet + +SwitchService Switched selector for service + +ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up ReplicaSet + +RolloutCompleted Rollout completed update + + + +Commands Reference + +Get rollouts: kubectl get rollout -n default + +Describe rollout: kubectl describe rollout -n default + +Watch rollout: kubectl get rollout -n default -w + +Get rollout YAML: kubectl get rollout -n default -o yaml + +List pods: kubectl get pods | findstr + +View services: kubectl get svc | findstr "active|preview" + + + +Conclusion + +Lab 14 completed with: + + + +Argo Rollouts controller installed and running + + + +Canary strategy with multi-step traffic shifting + + + +Blue-green strategy with active/preview services + + + +Successful progressive delivery updates + + + +Understanding of when to use each strategy + diff --git a/k8s/SECRETS.md b/k8s/SECRETS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6de4a09ebb --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/SECRETS.md @@ -0,0 +1,288 @@ +\# Lab 11 — Secret Management Report + + + +\## Task 1 — Kubernetes Secrets Fundamentals + + + +\### Creating Secret + + + +$ kubectl create secret generic app-credentials --from-literal=username=demo-user --from-literal=password=demo-pass + +secret/app-credentials created + + + +\### Viewing Secret + + + +$ kubectl get secret app-credentials -o yaml + +apiVersion: v1 + +data: + + password: ZGVtby1wYXNz + + username: ZGVtby11c2Vy + +kind: Secret + +metadata: + + name: app-credentials + + namespace: default + +type: Opaque + + + +\### Decoding Values + + + +$ \[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString(\[System.Convert]::FromBase64String("ZGVtby11c2Vy")) + +demo-user + + + +$ \[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString(\[System.Convert]::FromBase64String("ZGVtby1wYXNz")) + +demo-pass + + + +\### Base64 Encoding vs Encryption + + + +Base64 is encoding, not encryption. Anyone with API access can decode it. + +Kubernetes Secrets are not encrypted at rest by default (only base64 encoded). + +etcd encryption should be enabled in production for defense-in-depth. + + + +\## Task 2 — Helm-Managed Secrets + + + +\### Chart Structure + + + +k8s/devops-info-service-chart/ + +├── templates/ + +│ ├── secrets.yaml + +│ └── deployment.yaml + +├── values.yaml + +└── values-dev.yaml + + + +\### Secret Template (secrets.yaml) + + + +{{- if .Values.secrets.enabled }} + +apiVersion: v1 + +kind: Secret + +metadata: + + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-credentials + +type: Opaque + +stringData: + + username: {{ .Values.secrets.username | quote }} + + password: {{ .Values.secrets.password | quote }} + +{{- end }} + + + +\### Deployment Integration + + + +{{- if .Values.secrets.enabled }} + +envFrom: + + - secretRef: + + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-credentials + +{{- end }} + + + +\### Verification + + + +$ kubectl exec -it deployment/devops-info-service -- env | findstr "username" + +username=myapp-user + + + +$ kubectl exec -it deployment/devops-info-service -- env | findstr "password" + +password=myapp-pass + + + +\### Resource Limits (values-dev.yaml) + + + +resources: + + limits: + + cpu: 100m + + memory: 128Mi + + requests: + + cpu: 50m + + memory: 64Mi + + + +\## Task 3 — HashiCorp Vault Integration (Attempted) + + + +Due to complexity and time constraints, Vault integration was attempted but not completed. The main issues encountered: + +\- Kubernetes authentication configuration between Vault and minikube + +\- Service account token generation in newer Kubernetes versions + +\- Vault agent injector init container stuck in permission denied + + + +What was done: + +\- Vault installed via Helm with dev mode and injector enabled + +\- KV secrets engine configured at path devops/ + +\- Secret created: devops/devops-info-service/config with username/password + +\- Kubernetes auth method enabled and configured + +\- Policy and role created for service account + + + +Lessons learned: + +\- Vault requires proper RBAC setup (clusterrolebinding for auth-delegator) + +\- Service account tokens need correct annotations + +\- Vault Agent Injector requires proper network connectivity to Kubernetes API + + + +\## Security Analysis + + + +Aspect | Kubernetes Secrets | HashiCorp Vault + +\----------------------|--------------------|------------------ + +Storage | etcd (optional encryption) | Centralized with audit + +Access | RBAC | Fine-grained policies + +Rotation | Manual/External | Built-in lease system + +Best for | Simple, low-sensitivity | Production, compliance + + + +Production Recommendations: + +\- Never commit real secrets to Git + +\- Use placeholders in values.yaml + +\- Inject secrets via CI/CD or external secret manager + +\- Enable etcd encryption for K8s Secrets + +\- Use Vault for sensitive production credentials + + + +\## Commands Reference + + + +Installation: + +helm install devops-info-service . -f values-dev.yaml + +helm upgrade devops-info-service . -f values-dev.yaml --set secrets.username=alice --set secrets.password=secure123 + + + +Verification: + +kubectl get secrets + +kubectl get secret devops-info-service-credentials -o yaml + +kubectl exec -it deployment/devops-info-service -- env | findstr "username" + + + +Cleanup: + +helm uninstall devops-info-service + +kubectl delete secret app-credentials + + + +\## Conclusion + + + +Lab 11 completed with Tasks 1 and 2 fully working: + +\- Kubernetes Secrets created and decoded + +\- Helm-managed secrets integrated with envFrom + +\- Environment variables injected into pod + +\- Resource limits configured + +\- Vault integration (Task 3) attempted, documented lessons learned + diff --git a/k8s/STATEFULSET.md b/k8s/STATEFULSET.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42d205644b --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/STATEFULSET.md @@ -0,0 +1,404 @@ +Lab 15 — StatefulSets \& Persistent Storage + + + +Task 1 — StatefulSet Concepts + + + +StatefulSet Guarantees + +Stable, unique network identifiers (pod-0, pod-1, pod-2) + + + +Stable, persistent storage per pod + + + +Ordered, graceful deployment and scaling + + + +Ordered, automated rolling updates + + + +StatefulSet vs Deployment + +Aspect Deployment StatefulSet + +Pod naming Random suffix Ordinal index (app-0, app-1) + +Storage Shared PVC or ephemeral Each pod has its own PVC + +Scaling Parallel, unordered Ordered (app-0, then app-1) + +Network identity Not stable Stable DNS names + +Use case Stateless apps Databases, message queues, stateful apps + +When to use StatefulSet + +Applications that need stable network identity + + + +Distributed databases (Cassandra, MongoDB, ZooKeeper) + + + +Message queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ) + + + +Any application where each instance has its own storage + + + +Headless Service + +A headless service (clusterIP: None) provides DNS records for each pod directly, enabling pod-to-pod communication via stable DNS names like pod-name.service-name.namespace.svc.cluster.local + + + +Task 2 — Convert Deployment to StatefulSet + + + +StatefulSet Template + +yaml + +apiVersion: apps/v1 + +kind: StatefulSet + +metadata: + + name: devops-info-service + +spec: + + serviceName: devops-info-service-headless + + replicas: 2 + + selector: + + matchLabels: + + app: devops-info-service + + template: + + metadata: + + labels: + + app: devops-info-service + + spec: + + containers: + + - name: app + + image: devops-info-service:lab12 + + volumeMounts: + + - name: data + + mountPath: /data + + volumeClaimTemplates: + + - metadata: + + name: data + + spec: + + accessModes: + + - ReadWriteOnce + + resources: + + requests: + + storage: 100Mi + +Headless Service + +yaml + +apiVersion: v1 + +kind: Service + +metadata: + + name: devops-info-service-headless + +spec: + + clusterIP: None + + selector: + + app: devops-info-service + + ports: + + - port: 80 + + targetPort: 5000 + +Installation + +helm install devops-info-service . -f values-statefulset.yaml + + + +Verification + +kubectl get statefulset + +NAME READY AGE + +devops-info-service 2/2 18s + + + +kubectl get pods + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +devops-info-service-0 1/1 Running 0 23s + +devops-info-service-1 1/1 Running 0 15s + + + +kubectl get pvc + +NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES + +data-devops-info-service-0 Bound pvc-xxx 100Mi RWO + +data-devops-info-service-1 Bound pvc-yyy 100Mi RWO + + + +Task 3 — Headless Service \& Pod Identity + + + +DNS Resolution Test + +kubectl exec -it devops-info-service-0 -- cat /etc/hosts + +10.244.0.135 devops-info-service-0.devops-info-service-headless.default.svc.cluster.local + + + +Cross-Pod Communication + +kubectl exec -it devops-info-service-0 -- python -c "import urllib.request; print(urllib.request.urlopen('http://devops-info-service-1.devops-info-service-headless.default.svc.cluster.local:5000/health').read())" + +{"config\_file":true,"status":"healthy","timestamp":"2026-05-15T05:52:36.854899+00:00","uptime\_seconds":141} + + + +Per-Pod Storage Isolation + +Pod 0 visits: + +kubectl exec -it devops-info-service-0 -- python -c "import urllib.request; print(urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:5000/visits').read())" + +{"count":2,"file\_path":"/data/visits","message":"Total visits: 2","persistent":true} + + + +Pod 1 visits: + +kubectl exec -it devops-info-service-1 -- python -c "import urllib.request; print(urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:5000/visits').read())" + +{"count":1,"file\_path":"/data/visits","message":"Total visits: 1","persistent":true} + + + +Persistence Test + +Delete pod 0: + +kubectl delete pod devops-info-service-0 + + + +Wait for pod to restart: + +kubectl get pods -w + + + +Check visits after restart: + +kubectl exec -it devops-info-service-0 -- python -c "import urllib.request; print(urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:5000/visits').read())" + +{"count":2,"file\_path":"/data/visits","message":"Total visits: 2","persistent":true} + + + +Task 4 — Update Strategies + + + +RollingUpdate with Partition + +values-statefulset.yaml: + + + +yaml + +statefulset: + + enabled: true + + updateStrategy: + + type: RollingUpdate + + rollingUpdate: + + partition: 1 + +With partition=1, only pods with index >=1 are updated. Pod 0 remains on old version. + + + +OnDelete Strategy + +yaml + +statefulset: + + enabled: true + + updateStrategy: + + type: OnDelete + +Pods are only updated when manually deleted. This gives full control over when each pod is updated. + + + +Update Strategy Comparison + +Strategy When pods update Use case + +RollingUpdate (partition=0) All pods sequentially Normal updates + +RollingUpdate (partition=N) Pods with index >= N Canary testing + +OnDelete Only when manually deleted Maximum control + +Resource Verification Summary + +StatefulSet + +kubectl get sts + +NAME READY AGE + +devops-info-service 2/2 5m + + + +Pods + +kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=devops-info-service + +NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE + +devops-info-service-0 1/1 Running 0 5m + +devops-info-service-1 1/1 Running 0 5m + + + +PVCs + +kubectl get pvc + +NAME STATUS CAPACITY ACCESS MODES + +data-devops-info-service-0 Bound 100Mi RWO + +data-devops-info-service-1 Bound 100Mi RWO + + + +Services + +kubectl get svc | findstr headless + +devops-info-service-headless ClusterIP None 80/TCP + + + +Commands Reference + +Install StatefulSet: helm install devops-info-service . -f values-statefulset.yaml + +Get StatefulSet: kubectl get sts + +Get pods: kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/instance=devops-info-service + +Get PVCs: kubectl get pvc + +Check DNS: kubectl exec -it devops-info-service-0 -- cat /etc/hosts + +Check visits: kubectl exec -it devops-info-service-0 -- python -c "import urllib.request; print(urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:5000/visits').read())" + +Delete pod: kubectl delete pod devops-info-service-0 + +Update StatefulSet: helm upgrade devops-info-service . -f values-statefulset.yaml --set image.tag=newtag + +Rollback: helm rollback devops-info-service + + + +Conclusion + + + +Lab 15 completed with: + + + +StatefulSet with stable network identities (pod-0, pod-1) + + + +Headless service for direct pod DNS resolution + + + +VolumeClaimTemplates creating per-pod PVCs + + + +Per-pod storage isolation proven (different visit counts) + + + +Persistence verified after pod deletion + + + +Ordered deployment and scaling demonstrated + diff --git a/k8s/argocd/application-dev.yaml b/k8s/argocd/application-dev.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e9fa5335d --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/argocd/application-dev.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 +kind: Application +metadata: + name: devops-info-service-dev + namespace: argocd +spec: + project: default + source: + repoURL: https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course.git + targetRevision: lab13 + path: k8s/devops-info-service-chart + helm: + valueFiles: + - values.yaml + - values-dev.yaml + destination: + server: https://kubernetes.default.svc + namespace: dev + syncPolicy: + automated: + prune: true + selfHeal: true + syncOptions: + - CreateNamespace=true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/argocd/application-prod.yaml b/k8s/argocd/application-prod.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20149c19a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/argocd/application-prod.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 +kind: Application +metadata: + name: devops-info-service-prod + namespace: argocd +spec: + project: default + source: + repoURL: https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course.git + targetRevision: lab13 + path: k8s/devops-info-service-chart + helm: + valueFiles: + - values.yaml + - values-prod.yaml + parameters: + - name: image.tag + value: lab12 + - name: image.repository + value: devops-info-service + - name: image.pullPolicy + value: IfNotPresent + destination: + server: https://kubernetes.default.svc + namespace: prod + syncPolicy: + syncOptions: + - CreateNamespace=true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/argocd/application.yaml b/k8s/argocd/application.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8a37d39066 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/argocd/application.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 +kind: Application +metadata: + name: devops-info-service + namespace: argocd +spec: + project: default + source: + repoURL: https://github.com/nadiaa02/DevOps-Core-Course.git + targetRevision: lab13 + path: k8s/devops-info-service-chart + helm: + valueFiles: + - values.yaml + destination: + server: https://kubernetes.default.svc + namespace: default + syncPolicy: + syncOptions: + - CreateNamespace=true \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/deployment.yml b/k8s/deployment.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..59726d043b --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/deployment.yml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +apiVersion: apps/v1 +kind: Deployment +metadata: + name: devops-info-service +spec: + replicas: 3 + selector: + matchLabels: + app: devops-info-service + template: + metadata: + labels: + app: devops-info-service + spec: + containers: + - name: devops-info-service + image: devops-info-service:latest + imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent + ports: + - containerPort: 5000 + resources: + requests: + memory: "128Mi" + cpu: "100m" + limits: + memory: "256Mi" + cpu: "200m" + livenessProbe: + httpGet: + path: /health + port: 5000 + initialDelaySeconds: 10 + periodSeconds: 10 + readinessProbe: + httpGet: + path: /health + port: 5000 + initialDelaySeconds: 5 + periodSeconds: 5 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/Chart.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/Chart.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a7b9e3c935 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/Chart.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +apiVersion: v2 +name: devops-info-service +description: Helm chart for Flask-based DevOps Info Service from Lab 9 +type: application +version: 0.1.0 +appVersion: "1.0.0" +keywords: + - python + - flask + - devops + - info-service +maintainers: + - name: Your Name + email: your.email@example.com \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/dry-run-output.txt b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/dry-run-output.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42a7c34d85 Binary files /dev/null and b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/dry-run-output.txt differ diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/files/config.json b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/files/config.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b75d74979f --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/files/config.json @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +{ + "app_name": "devops-info-service", + "environment": "production", + "features": { + "visits_counter": true, + "metrics": false, + "debug": false + }, + "settings": { + "log_level": "INFO", + "max_visitors": 10000 + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/policy.hcl b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/policy.hcl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c09a7bd65 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/policy.hcl @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +path "secret/data/devops-info-service/config" { capabilities = ["read"] } diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/NOTES.txt b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/NOTES.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0c7cbad26f --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/NOTES.txt @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +Thank you for installing {{ .Chart.Name }}! + +Your release is named {{ .Release.Name }} and deployed to namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }}. + +To check the deployment status: + helm list + kubectl get pods -n {{ .Release.Namespace }} -l app.kubernetes.io/instance={{ .Release.Name }} + +To get the service URL: +{{- if eq .Values.service.type "NodePort" }} + minikube service {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }} -n {{ .Release.Namespace }} +{{- else if eq .Values.service.type "LoadBalancer" }} + kubectl get svc -n {{ .Release.Namespace }} {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }} -w +{{- end }} + +To uninstall this release: + helm uninstall {{ .Release.Name }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/_helpers.tpl b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/_helpers.tpl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ef93f357ac --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/_helpers.tpl @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +{{- define "devops-info-service.name" -}} +{{- default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- end }} + +{{- define "devops-info-service.fullname" -}} +{{- if .Values.fullnameOverride }} +{{- .Values.fullnameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- else }} +{{- $name := default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride }} +{{- if contains $name .Release.Name }} +{{- .Release.Name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- else }} +{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name $name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- end }} +{{- end }} +{{- end }} + +{{- define "devops-info-service.labels" -}} +helm.sh/chart: {{ include "devops-info-service.chart" . }} +{{ include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . }} +{{- if .Chart.AppVersion }} +app.kubernetes.io/version: {{ .Chart.AppVersion | quote }} +{{- end }} +app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }} +{{- end }} + +{{- define "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" -}} +app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "devops-info-service.name" . }} +app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }} +{{- end }} + +{{- define "devops-info-service.chart" -}} +{{- printf "%s-%s" .Chart.Name .Chart.Version | replace "+" "_" | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }} +{{- end }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/configmap.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/configmap.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..50868f26cb --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/configmap.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +{{- if .Values.configmap.enabled }} +--- +apiVersion: v1 +kind: ConfigMap +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-config + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +data: + config.json: | +{{ .Files.Get "files/config.json" | indent 4 }} +--- +apiVersion: v1 +kind: ConfigMap +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-env + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +data: + APP_ENV: {{ .Values.configmap.env.APP_ENV | quote }} + LOG_LEVEL: {{ .Values.configmap.env.LOG_LEVEL | quote }} + FEATURE_METRICS: {{ .Values.configmap.env.FEATURE_METRICS | quote }} +{{- end }} diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/deployment.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/deployment.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5efaebb82 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/deployment.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +apiVersion: apps/v1 +kind: Deployment +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }} + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }} + selector: + matchLabels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }} + template: + metadata: + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }} + spec: + containers: + - name: {{ .Chart.Name }} + image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}" + imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }} + ports: + - containerPort: {{ .Values.container.port }} + name: {{ .Values.container.portName }} + protocol: TCP + env: + {{- toYaml .Values.env | nindent 8 }} + {{- if .Values.secrets.enabled }} + envFrom: + - secretRef: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-credentials + {{- end }} + {{- if .Values.configmap.enabled }} + envFrom: + - configMapRef: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-env + {{- end }} + env: + - name: DATA_DIR + value: /data + - name: CONFIG_DIR + value: /config + volumeMounts: + - name: config-volume + mountPath: /config + - name: data-volume + mountPath: /data + resources: + {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 10 }} + livenessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 10 }} + readinessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 10 }} + volumes: + - name: config-volume + configMap: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-config + - name: data-volume + {{- if .Values.persistence.enabled }} + persistentVolumeClaim: + claimName: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-data + {{- else }} + emptyDir: {} + {{- end }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/hooks/post-install-job.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/hooks/post-install-job.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc7b29a7c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/hooks/post-install-job.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +apiVersion: batch/v1 +kind: Job +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-post-install + annotations: + "helm.sh/hook": post-install + "helm.sh/hook-weight": {{ .Values.hooks.postInstall.weight | quote }} + "helm.sh/hook-delete-policy": hook-succeeded +spec: + ttlSecondsAfterFinished: 120 + template: + metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-post-install + spec: + restartPolicy: Never + containers: + - name: post-install-validation + image: {{ .Values.hooks.postInstall.image }} + command: + - sh + - -c + - | + echo "=========================================" + echo "Post-install hook for {{ .Release.Name }}" + echo "Waiting for service to be ready..." + sleep 5 + echo "Post-install validation completed!" + echo "Service should be accessible at:" + echo " kubectl get svc {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}" + echo "=========================================" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/hooks/pre-install-job.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/hooks/pre-install-job.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..dab2a5196e --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/hooks/pre-install-job.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +apiVersion: batch/v1 +kind: Job +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-pre-install + annotations: + "helm.sh/hook": pre-install + "helm.sh/hook-weight": {{ .Values.hooks.preInstall.weight | quote }} + "helm.sh/hook-delete-policy": hook-succeeded +spec: + ttlSecondsAfterFinished: 120 + template: + metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-pre-install + spec: + restartPolicy: Never + containers: + - name: pre-install-check + image: {{ .Values.hooks.preInstall.image }} + command: + - sh + - -c + - | + echo "=========================================" + echo "Pre-install hook for {{ .Release.Name }}" + echo "Release namespace: {{ .Release.Namespace }}" + echo "Chart version: {{ .Chart.Version }}" + echo "=========================================" + echo "Checking Kubernetes connectivity..." + echo "Pre-install validation completed successfully!" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/pvc.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/pvc.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4097b6e666 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/pvc.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +{{- if .Values.persistence.enabled }} +apiVersion: v1 +kind: PersistentVolumeClaim +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-data + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + accessModes: + - {{ .Values.persistence.accessMode }} + resources: + requests: + storage: {{ .Values.persistence.size }} + {{- if .Values.persistence.storageClass }} + storageClassName: {{ .Values.persistence.storageClass }} + {{- end }} +{{- end }} diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/rollout-bluegreen.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/rollout-bluegreen.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6e3c81e892 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/rollout-bluegreen.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 +kind: Rollout +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-bluegreen + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }} + strategy: + blueGreen: + activeService: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-active + previewService: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-preview + autoPromotionEnabled: true + autoPromotionSeconds: 30 + selector: + matchLabels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }} + template: + metadata: + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }} + spec: + containers: + - name: {{ .Chart.Name }} + image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}" + imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }} + ports: + - containerPort: {{ .Values.container.port }} + name: {{ .Values.container.portName }} + protocol: TCP + env: + {{- toYaml .Values.env | nindent 10 }} + volumeMounts: + - name: data + mountPath: /data + resources: + {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 10 }} + livenessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 10 }} + readinessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.readinessProbe | nindent 10 }} + volumes: + - name: data + {{- if .Values.persistence.enabled }} + persistentVolumeClaim: + claimName: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-data + {{- else }} + emptyDir: {} + {{- end }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/rollout.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/rollout.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..37bede545a --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/rollout.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1 +kind: Rollout +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }} + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }} + strategy: + canary: + steps: + - setWeight: 20 + - pause: {duration: 10} + - setWeight: 40 + - pause: {duration: 10} + - setWeight: 60 + - pause: {duration: 10} + - setWeight: 80 + - pause: {duration: 10} + - setWeight: 100 + selector: + matchLabels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }} + template: + metadata: + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }} + spec: + containers: + - name: {{ .Chart.Name }} + image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}" + imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }} + ports: + - containerPort: {{ .Values.container.port }} + name: {{ .Values.container.portName }} + protocol: TCP + env: + {{- toYaml .Values.env | nindent 10 }} + volumeMounts: + - name: data + mountPath: /data + resources: + {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 10 }} + livenessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 10 }} + readinessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.readinessProbe | nindent 10 }} + volumes: + - name: data + {{- if .Values.persistence.enabled }} + persistentVolumeClaim: + claimName: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-data + {{- else }} + emptyDir: {} + {{- end }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/secrets.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/secrets.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..84f11fc3ae --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/secrets.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +{{- if .Values.secrets.enabled }} +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Secret +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-credentials + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +type: Opaque +stringData: + username: {{ .Values.secrets.username | quote }} + password: {{ .Values.secrets.password | quote }} +{{- end }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/service-headless.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/service-headless.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..42d5dc9f3d --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/service-headless.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Service +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-headless + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + clusterIP: None + publishNotReadyAddresses: true + selector: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 4 }} + ports: + - name: http + port: {{ .Values.service.port }} + targetPort: {{ .Values.container.port }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/service.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/service.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff7901b2f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/service.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Service +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }} + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + type: {{ .Values.service.type }} + selector: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 4 }} + ports: + - name: http + port: {{ .Values.service.port }} + targetPort: {{ .Values.service.targetPort }} + protocol: TCP + {{- if and (eq .Values.service.type "NodePort") .Values.service.nodePort }} + nodePort: {{ .Values.service.nodePort }} + {{- end }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/services-bluegreen.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/services-bluegreen.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..27236db20b --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/services-bluegreen.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Service +metadata: + name: devops-info-service-active +spec: + type: NodePort + selector: + app.kubernetes.io/name: devops-info-service + app.kubernetes.io/instance: devops-info-service + ports: + - name: http + port: 80 + targetPort: 5000 +--- +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Service +metadata: + name: devops-info-service-preview +spec: + type: NodePort + selector: + app.kubernetes.io/name: devops-info-service + app.kubernetes.io/instance: devops-info-service + ports: + - name: http + port: 80 + targetPort: 5000 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/statefulset.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/statefulset.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0e67104861 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/templates/statefulset.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +{{- if .Values.statefulset.enabled }} +apiVersion: apps/v1 +kind: StatefulSet +metadata: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }} + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.labels" . | nindent 4 }} +spec: + serviceName: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-headless + replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }} + selector: + matchLabels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }} + template: + metadata: + labels: + {{- include "devops-info-service.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }} + spec: + containers: + - name: {{ .Chart.Name }} + image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}" + imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }} + ports: + - containerPort: {{ .Values.container.port }} + name: {{ .Values.container.portName }} + protocol: TCP + env: + - name: HOST + value: "0.0.0.0" + - name: PORT + value: "5000" + - name: DATA_DIR + value: /data + - name: CONFIG_DIR + value: /config + volumeMounts: + - name: config + mountPath: /config + - name: data + mountPath: /data + resources: + {{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 10 }} + livenessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.livenessProbe | nindent 10 }} + readinessProbe: + {{- toYaml .Values.readinessProbe | nindent 10 }} + volumes: + - name: config + configMap: + name: {{ include "devops-info-service.fullname" . }}-config + {{- if .Values.persistence.enabled }} + volumeClaimTemplates: + - metadata: + name: data + spec: + accessModes: + - ReadWriteOnce + resources: + requests: + storage: {{ .Values.persistence.size }} + {{- end }} +{{- end }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-dev.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-dev.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..db77999e53 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-dev.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Development environment +replicaCount: 1 + +image: + tag: latest + +resources: + limits: + cpu: 100m + memory: 128Mi + requests: + cpu: 50m + memory: 64Mi + +service: + type: NodePort + +livenessProbe: + initialDelaySeconds: 5 + periodSeconds: 5 + +readinessProbe: + initialDelaySeconds: 3 + periodSeconds: 3 + +configmap: + enabled: true + env: + APP_ENV: "development" + LOG_LEVEL: "DEBUG" + FEATURE_METRICS: "false" + +persistence: + enabled: true + accessMode: ReadWriteOnce + size: 50Mi + storageClass: "" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-prod.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-prod.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..28f2b7c6f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-prod.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Production environment +replicaCount: 3 + +image: + tag: stable + +resources: + limits: + cpu: 500m + memory: 512Mi + requests: + cpu: 250m + memory: 256Mi + +service: + type: LoadBalancer + +livenessProbe: + initialDelaySeconds: 30 + periodSeconds: 10 + timeoutSeconds: 5 + failureThreshold: 5 + +readinessProbe: + initialDelaySeconds: 10 + periodSeconds: 5 + timeoutSeconds: 3 + failureThreshold: 3 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-statefulset.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-statefulset.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..91f6369e99 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values-statefulset.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +statefulset: + enabled: true + updateStrategy: + type: RollingUpdate + rollingUpdate: + partition: 0 +rollouts: + enabled: false +replicaCount: 2 +persistence: + enabled: true + size: 100Mi +image: + tag: lab12 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values.yaml b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3dd61ee505 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/devops-info-service-chart/values.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +# Default values for devops-info-service + +replicaCount: 3 + +image: + repository: devops-info-service + tag: latest + pullPolicy: IfNotPresent + +nameOverride: "" +fullnameOverride: "" + +service: + type: NodePort + port: 80 + targetPort: 5000 + nodePort: null + +container: + port: 5000 + portName: http + +env: + - name: HOST + value: "0.0.0.0" + - name: PORT + value: "5000" + +resources: + limits: + cpu: 200m + memory: 256Mi + requests: + cpu: 100m + memory: 128Mi + +livenessProbe: + httpGet: + path: /health + port: http + initialDelaySeconds: 10 + periodSeconds: 10 + timeoutSeconds: 3 + failureThreshold: 3 + +readinessProbe: + httpGet: + path: /health + port: http + initialDelaySeconds: 5 + periodSeconds: 5 + timeoutSeconds: 2 + failureThreshold: 3 + +hooks: + preInstall: + enabled: true + image: busybox:1.36 + weight: -5 + postInstall: + enabled: true + image: busybox:1.36 + weight: 5 +secrets: + enabled: true + username: "myapp-user" + password: "myapp-pass" +vault: + enabled: true + role: devops-info-service + secretPath: devops/data/devops-info-service/config +configmap: + enabled: true + env: + APP_ENV: "production" + LOG_LEVEL: "INFO" + FEATURE_METRICS: "false" + +persistence: + enabled: true + accessMode: ReadWriteOnce + size: 100Mi + storageClass: "" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/k8s/docs/photo_2026-05-14_23-48-15.jpg b/k8s/docs/photo_2026-05-14_23-48-15.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2706f4cfda Binary files /dev/null and b/k8s/docs/photo_2026-05-14_23-48-15.jpg differ diff --git a/k8s/docs/photo_2026-05-14_23-48-32.jpg b/k8s/docs/photo_2026-05-14_23-48-32.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0d02a34bf9 Binary files /dev/null and b/k8s/docs/photo_2026-05-14_23-48-32.jpg differ diff --git a/k8s/service.yml b/k8s/service.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f32becf846 --- /dev/null +++ b/k8s/service.yml @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +apiVersion: v1 +kind: Service +metadata: + name: devops-info-service +spec: + type: NodePort + selector: + app: devops-info-service + ports: + - name: http + port: 80 + targetPort: 5000 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/labs/docs/LAB04.md b/labs/docs/LAB04.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7ca8d1381c --- /dev/null +++ b/labs/docs/LAB04.md @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +# Lab 04 — Infrastructure as Code + +## 1. Cloud Provider & Infrastructure + +- **Provider:** Yandex Cloud +- **Reason:** Free tier available, accessible without VPN, grant 4000 RUB for new users +- **Instance type:** standard-v2, 2 cores (20% core_fraction), 1 GB RAM +- **Region/Zone:** ru-central1-a +- **Cost:** $0 (free tier) +- **Resources created:** + - yandex_vpc_network — virtual network + - yandex_vpc_subnet — subnet 10.0.1.0/24 + - yandex_vpc_security_group — firewall rules (SSH 22, HTTP 80, App 5000) + - yandex_compute_instance — VM with public IP + +--- + +## 2. Terraform Implementation + +- **Terraform version:** 1.9.8 +- **Project structure:** + - `main.tf` — provider configuration and all resources + - `variables.tf` — input variables (folder_id, zone, ssh_public_key) + - `outputs.tf` — public IP and SSH command + - `terraform.tfvars` — variable values (gitignored) + +### terraform init output: +Initializing provider plugins found in the configuration... + +Finding yandex-cloud/yandex versions matching "~> 0.84"... +Installing yandex-cloud/yandex v0.203.0... +Installed yandex-cloud/yandex v0.203.0 (self-signed, key ID E40F590B50BB8E40) + +Terraform has been successfully initialized! + +### terraform plan output: +Plan: 4 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy. +Changes to Outputs: + +ssh_command = (known after apply) +vm_public_ip = (known after apply) + + +### terraform apply output: +yandex_vpc_network.lab04_network: Creation complete after 7s [id=enp2cpc7qdugs1l9t12f] +yandex_vpc_subnet.lab04_subnet: Creation complete after 4s [id=e9b3or99s6dla57sfekr] +yandex_vpc_security_group.lab04_sg: Creation complete after 4s [id=enp6qgg8lpqus3euj49u] +yandex_compute_instance.lab04_vm: Creation complete after 55s [id=fhm1hv7h8bjsqi24msdu] +Apply complete! Resources: 4 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed. +Outputs: +ssh_command = "ssh ubuntu@51.250.73.116" +vm_public_ip = "51.250.73.116" + +### terraform destroy output: +yandex_compute_instance.lab04_vm: Destruction complete after 30s +yandex_vpc_security_group.lab04_sg: Destruction complete after 3s +yandex_vpc_subnet.lab04_subnet: Destruction complete after 7s +yandex_vpc_network.lab04_network: Destruction complete after 1s +Destroy complete! Resources: 4 destroyed. + +### SSH access proof: +$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/lab04_key ubuntu@51.250.73.116 +ubuntu@fhm1hv7h8bjsqi24msdu:~$ uname -a +Linux fhm1hv7h8bjsqi24msdu 6.8.0-107-generic #107-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Mar 13 19:51:50 UTC 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux +ubuntu@fhm1hv7h8bjsqi24msdu:~$ hostname +fhm1hv7h8bjsqi24msdu + +--- + +## 3. Pulumi Implementation + +- **Pulumi version:** 3.239.0 +- **Language:** Python +- **Key difference:** Infrastructure defined as Python code using classes and objects instead of HCL config files. Full programming language features available (loops, conditionals, functions). + +### pulumi preview output: +Previewing update (dev): +Type Name Plan + +pulumi:pulumi:Stack lab04-pulumi-dev create +├─ yandex:index:VpcNetwork lab04-network create +├─ yandex:index:VpcSubnet lab04-subnet create +├─ yandex:index:VpcSecurityGroup lab04-sg create +└─ yandex:index:ComputeInstance lab04-vm create + +Resources: ++ 5 to create + +### pulumi up output: +Updating (dev): +Type Name Status + +pulumi:pulumi:Stack lab04-pulumi-dev created (62s) +├─ yandex:index:VpcNetwork lab04-network created (7s) +├─ yandex:index:VpcSubnet lab04-subnet created (0.71s) +├─ yandex:index:VpcSecurityGroup lab04-sg created (1s) +└─ yandex:index:ComputeInstance lab04-vm created (54s) + +Outputs: +ssh_command : "ssh ubuntu@93.77.181.6" +vm_public_ip: "93.77.181.6" +Resources: ++ 5 created +Duration: 1m4s + +### SSH access proof: +$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/lab04_key ubuntu@93.77.181.6 +ubuntu@fhm9vuinvfshd0catqu2:~$ uname -a +Linux fhm9vuinvfshd0catqu2 6.8.0-107-generic #107-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Mar 13 19:51:50 UTC 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux +ubuntu@fhm9vuinvfshd0catqu2:~$ hostname +fhm9vuinvfshd0catqu2 + +--- + +## 4. Terraform vs Pulumi Comparison + +**Ease of Learning:** Terraform was easier to learn. HCL is simple and focused only on infrastructure — you just describe what you want. Pulumi requires knowing Python plus the SDK patterns, which adds complexity. + +**Code Readability:** Terraform is more readable for infrastructure tasks. Each HCL block clearly maps to one resource. Pulumi code is longer and mixes infrastructure logic with Python boilerplate. + +**Debugging:** Terraform gives clearer error messages tied to specific resource blocks. Pulumi errors sometimes mix Python exceptions with provider errors, making them harder to parse. + +**Documentation:** Terraform has more examples and community resources. Pulumi docs are good but harder to find working Yandex Cloud examples specifically. + +**Use Case:** Terraform is better for straightforward infrastructure managed by a mixed team. Pulumi is better when you need complex logic (dynamic resource counts, external API calls) or tight integration with application code in the same language. + +--- + +## 5. Lab 5 Preparation & Cleanup + +**VM for Lab 5:** Yes, keeping the Pulumi-created VM. + +- **Public IP:** 93.77.181.6 +- **SSH command:** `ssh -i ~/.ssh/lab04_key ubuntu@93.77.181.6` +- **SSH user:** ubuntu +- VM is running and accessible (see SSH proof in section 3) + +**Terraform resources:** Destroyed after Task 1 (see terraform destroy output in section 2). + +**Pulumi resources:** Running, will be used for Lab 5. diff --git a/monitoring/docker-compose.yml b/monitoring/docker-compose.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1ac37cc3d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/monitoring/docker-compose.yml @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +services: + loki: + image: grafana/loki:3.0.0 + container_name: loki + command: -config.file=/etc/loki/config.yml + ports: + - "3100:3100" + volumes: + - ./loki/config.yml:/etc/loki/config.yml:ro + - loki-data:/loki + networks: + - logging + healthcheck: + test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:3100/ready || exit 1"] + interval: 15s + timeout: 10s + retries: 5 + start_period: 20s + deploy: + resources: + limits: + cpus: '0.5' + memory: 512M + reservations: + cpus: '0.25' + memory: 256M + restart: unless-stopped + + promtail: + image: grafana/promtail:3.0.0 + container_name: promtail + command: -config.file=/etc/promtail/config.yml + ports: + - "9080:9080" + volumes: + - ./promtail/config.yml:/etc/promtail/config.yml:ro + - /var/lib/docker/containers:/var/lib/docker/containers:ro + - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro + networks: + - logging + depends_on: + - loki + deploy: + resources: + limits: + cpus: '0.3' + memory: 256M + reservations: + cpus: '0.15' + memory: 128M + restart: unless-stopped + + grafana: + image: grafana/grafana:12.3.1 + container_name: grafana + ports: + - "3000:3000" + environment: + - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=false + - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=admin + - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin123 + - GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS=grafana-piechart-panel + volumes: + - grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana + networks: + - logging + depends_on: + - loki + healthcheck: + test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -f http://localhost:3000/api/health || exit 1"] + interval: 15s + timeout: 10s + retries: 5 + start_period: 30s + deploy: + resources: + limits: + cpus: '0.5' + memory: 512M + reservations: + cpus: '0.25' + memory: 256M + restart: unless-stopped + + devops-python: + build: + context: C:/lab1-devops/app_python + dockerfile: Dockerfile + container_name: devops-python + ports: + - "8000:5000" + environment: + - HOST=0.0.0.0 + - PORT=5000 + - DEBUG=false + networks: + - logging + labels: + logging: "promtail" + app: "devops-python" + healthcheck: + test: ["CMD-SHELL", "curl -f http://localhost:5000/health || exit 1"] + interval: 15s + timeout: 10s + retries: 5 + start_period: 15s + deploy: + resources: + limits: + cpus: '0.5' + memory: 256M + reservations: + cpus: '0.25' + memory: 128M + restart: unless-stopped + + prometheus: + image: prom/prometheus:v3.9.0 + container_name: prometheus + ports: + - "9090:9090" + command: + - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml' + - '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d' + - '--storage.tsdb.retention.size=10GB' + volumes: + - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml:ro + - prometheus-data:/prometheus + networks: + - logging + healthcheck: + test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:9090/-/healthy || exit 1"] + interval: 15s + timeout: 10s + retries: 5 + start_period: 20s + deploy: + resources: + limits: + cpus: '1.0' + memory: 1G + reservations: + cpus: '0.5' + memory: 512M + restart: unless-stopped + +networks: + logging: + driver: bridge + name: logging-network + +volumes: + loki-data: + name: loki-data + grafana-data: + name: grafana-data + prometheus-data: + name: prometheus-data \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/monitoring/docs/LAB08.md b/monitoring/docs/LAB08.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d76102319 --- /dev/null +++ b/monitoring/docs/LAB08.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Lab 8: Metrics & Monitoring with Prometheus + +## Architecture +- **App**: Flask application with prometheus_client +- **Prometheus**: TSDB for metrics storage, scrapes every 15s +- **Grafana**: Visualization with PromQL + +## Metrics Added +| Metric | Type | Labels | Purpose | +|--------|------|--------|---------| +| http_requests_total | Counter | method, endpoint, status | RED: Rate & Errors | +| http_request_duration_seconds | Histogram | method, endpoint | RED: Duration | +| http_requests_in_progress | Gauge | - | Current load | + +## Prometheus Configuration +- Scrape interval: 15s +- Retention: 15 days / 10GB +- Targets: app, prometheus, loki, grafana (all UP) + +## Dashboard Panels (6+) +1. **Request Rate** - `sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) by (endpoint)` +2. **Request Duration p95** - `histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))` +3. **Active Requests** - `http_requests_in_progress` +4. **Status Code Distribution** - `sum by (status) (rate(http_requests_total[5m]))` +5. **Uptime** - `up{job="app"}` +6. **Error Rate** - `sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m]))` + +## Evidence + +### /metrics endpoint +![metrics](screenshots_lab8/metrics.png) + +### Prometheus Targets (all UP) +![prometheus targets](screenshots_lab8/prometheus-targets.png) + +### Grafana Dashboard +![dashboard](screenshots_lab8/dashboard.png) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/monitoring/docs/screenshots/photo_2026-05-14_21-41-24.jpg b/monitoring/docs/screenshots/photo_2026-05-14_21-41-24.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1a462ca5c Binary files /dev/null and b/monitoring/docs/screenshots/photo_2026-05-14_21-41-24.jpg differ diff --git a/monitoring/docs/screenshots/photo_2026-05-14_21-41-34.jpg b/monitoring/docs/screenshots/photo_2026-05-14_21-41-34.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ec210e807 Binary files /dev/null and b/monitoring/docs/screenshots/photo_2026-05-14_21-41-34.jpg differ diff --git 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b/monitoring/loki/config.yml @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +auth_enabled: false + +server: + http_listen_port: 3100 + +common: + path_prefix: /loki + storage: + filesystem: + chunks_directory: /loki/chunks + rules_directory: /loki/rules + replication_factor: 1 + ring: + kvstore: + store: inmemory + +schema_config: + configs: + - from: 2024-01-01 + store: tsdb + object_store: filesystem + schema: v13 + index: + prefix: index_ + period: 24h + +limits_config: + retention_period: 168h + +ingester: + lifecycler: + ring: + kvstore: + store: inmemory + replication_factor: 1 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/monitoring/prometheus/prometheus.yml b/monitoring/prometheus/prometheus.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..20b5c7f240 --- /dev/null +++ b/monitoring/prometheus/prometheus.yml @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +global: + scrape_interval: 15s + evaluation_interval: 15s + +scrape_configs: + - job_name: 'prometheus' + static_configs: + - targets: ['localhost:9090'] + + - job_name: 'app' + static_configs: + - targets: ['devops-python:5000'] + metrics_path: '/metrics' + + - job_name: 'loki' + static_configs: + - targets: ['loki:3100'] + metrics_path: '/metrics' + + - job_name: 'grafana' + static_configs: + - targets: ['grafana:3000'] + metrics_path: '/metrics' diff --git a/monitoring/promtail/config.yml b/monitoring/promtail/config.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..65beff4067 --- /dev/null +++ b/monitoring/promtail/config.yml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +server: + http_listen_port: 9080 + grpc_listen_port: 0 + log_level: info + +positions: + filename: /tmp/positions.yaml + +clients: + - url: http://loki:3100/loki/api/v1/push + batchwait: 5s + batchsize: 1048576 + timeout: 10s + +scrape_configs: + - job_name: docker + docker_sd_configs: + - host: unix:///var/run/docker.sock + refresh_interval: 10s + filters: + - name: label + values: ["logging=promtail"] + relabel_configs: + - source_labels: ["__meta_docker_container_name"] + target_label: "container" + regex: "/(.*)" + replacement: "$1" + - source_labels: ["__meta_docker_container_label_app"] + target_label: "app" + - source_labels: ["__meta_docker_container_id"] + target_label: "container_id" + - source_labels: ["__meta_docker_container_label_com_docker_compose_service"] + target_label: "service" + - source_labels: ["__meta_docker_container_network"] + target_label: "network" + pipeline_stages: + - docker: {} + - json: + expressions: + level: level + method: method + path: path + status_code: status_code + duration_ms: duration_ms + - labels: + level: level + method: method + - drop: + source: level + expression: "debug" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pulumi/.gitignore b/pulumi/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3807e5bdb --- /dev/null +++ b/pulumi/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +*.pyc +venv/ diff --git a/pulumi/Pulumi.yaml b/pulumi/Pulumi.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39e812a776 --- /dev/null +++ b/pulumi/Pulumi.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +name: lab04-pulumi +description: Lab 04 Pulumi IaC +runtime: + name: python + options: + toolchain: pip + virtualenv: venv +config: + pulumi:tags: + value: + pulumi:template: python diff --git a/pulumi/__main__.py b/pulumi/__main__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0b790b51e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/pulumi/__main__.py @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +import os +import pulumi +import pulumi_yandex as yandex + +os.environ["YC_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_FILE"] = os.path.expanduser("~/key.json") + +SSH_PUBLIC_KEY = "ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIJ7C/mVRl+EokdvvyE8LalEr/6Bki/CGHxL8bhL33xK6 lab04" + +# Сеть +network = yandex.VpcNetwork("lab04-network", + name="lab04-network" +) + +# Подсеть +subnet = yandex.VpcSubnet("lab04-subnet", + name="lab04-subnet", + zone="ru-central1-a", + network_id=network.id, + v4_cidr_blocks=["10.0.1.0/24"] +) + +# Группа безопасности +sg = yandex.VpcSecurityGroup("lab04-sg", + name="lab04-sg", + network_id=network.id, + ingresses=[ + yandex.VpcSecurityGroupIngressArgs( + protocol="TCP", + port=22, + v4_cidr_blocks=["0.0.0.0/0"], + description="SSH" + ), + yandex.VpcSecurityGroupIngressArgs( + protocol="TCP", + port=80, + v4_cidr_blocks=["0.0.0.0/0"], + description="HTTP" + ), + yandex.VpcSecurityGroupIngressArgs( + protocol="TCP", + port=5000, + v4_cidr_blocks=["0.0.0.0/0"], + description="App port" + ), + ], + egresses=[ + yandex.VpcSecurityGroupEgressArgs( + protocol="ANY", + v4_cidr_blocks=["0.0.0.0/0"] + ) + ] +) + +# Виртуальная машина +vm = yandex.ComputeInstance("lab04-vm", + name="lab04-vm", + platform_id="standard-v2", + zone="ru-central1-a", + resources=yandex.ComputeInstanceResourcesArgs( + cores=2, + memory=1, + core_fraction=20 + ), + boot_disk=yandex.ComputeInstanceBootDiskArgs( + initialize_params=yandex.ComputeInstanceBootDiskInitializeParamsArgs( + image_id="fd83esfomhq25p2ono90", + size=10, + type="network-hdd" + ) + ), + network_interfaces=[ + yandex.ComputeInstanceNetworkInterfaceArgs( + subnet_id=subnet.id, + nat=True, + security_group_ids=[sg.id] + ) + ], + metadata={ + "ssh-keys": f"ubuntu:{SSH_PUBLIC_KEY}" + }, + labels={"lab": "lab04"} +) + +pulumi.export("vm_public_ip", vm.network_interfaces[0].nat_ip_address) +pulumi.export("ssh_command", vm.network_interfaces[0].nat_ip_address.apply( + lambda ip: f"ssh ubuntu@{ip}" +)) diff --git a/pulumi/requirements.txt b/pulumi/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc4e43087b --- /dev/null +++ b/pulumi/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +pulumi>=3.0.0,<4.0.0 diff --git a/terraform/main.tf b/terraform/main.tf new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88a7859e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/terraform/main.tf @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +terraform { + required_providers { + yandex = { + source = "yandex-cloud/yandex" + version = "~> 0.84" + } + } +} + +provider "yandex" { + service_account_key_file = pathexpand("~/key.json") + folder_id = var.folder_id + zone = var.zone +} + +resource "yandex_vpc_network" "lab04_network" { + name = "lab04-network" +} + +resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "lab04_subnet" { + name = "lab04-subnet" + zone = var.zone + network_id = yandex_vpc_network.lab04_network.id + v4_cidr_blocks = ["10.0.1.0/24"] +} + +resource "yandex_vpc_security_group" "lab04_sg" { + name = "lab04-sg" + network_id = yandex_vpc_network.lab04_network.id + + ingress { + protocol = "TCP" + port = 22 + v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] + description = "SSH" + } + + ingress { + protocol = "TCP" + port = 80 + v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] + description = "HTTP" + } + + ingress { + protocol = "TCP" + port = 5000 + v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] + description = "App port" + } + + egress { + protocol = "ANY" + v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"] + } +} + +resource "yandex_compute_instance" "lab04_vm" { + name = "lab04-vm" + platform_id = "standard-v2" + zone = var.zone + + resources { + cores = 2 + memory = 1 + core_fraction = 20 + } + + boot_disk { + initialize_params { + image_id = "fd83esfomhq25p2ono90" + size = 10 + type = "network-hdd" + } + } + + network_interface { + subnet_id = yandex_vpc_subnet.lab04_subnet.id + nat = true + security_group_ids = [yandex_vpc_security_group.lab04_sg.id] + } + + metadata = { + ssh-keys = "ubuntu:${var.ssh_public_key}" + } + + labels = { + lab = "lab04" + } +} diff --git a/terraform/outputs.tf b/terraform/outputs.tf new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3c9d4c0b4f --- /dev/null +++ b/terraform/outputs.tf @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +output "vm_public_ip" { + description = "Public IP address of the VM" + value = yandex_compute_instance.lab04_vm.network_interface[0].nat_ip_address +} + +output "ssh_command" { + description = "SSH connection command" + value = "ssh ubuntu@${yandex_compute_instance.lab04_vm.network_interface[0].nat_ip_address}" +} diff --git a/terraform/variables.tf b/terraform/variables.tf new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cca7b57bc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/terraform/variables.tf @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +variable "folder_id" { + description = "Yandex Cloud folder ID" + type = string +} + +variable "zone" { + description = "Availability zone" + type = string + default = "ru-central1-a" +} + +variable "ssh_public_key" { + description = "SSH public key content" + type = string +}