diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-04-01-12-35-55.gh-issue-147985.YVirHJ.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-04-01-12-35-55.gh-issue-147985.YVirHJ.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..a94dfca5e2a498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2026-04-01-12-35-55.gh-issue-147985.YVirHJ.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Make :c:func:`PySet_Contains` attempt a lock-free lookup, similar to
+:meth:`!set.__contains__`.  This avoids acquiring the set object mutex in the
+normal case.
diff --git a/Objects/setobject.c b/Objects/setobject.c
index ae6c1d1248d2fc..1e630563604552 100644
--- a/Objects/setobject.c
+++ b/Objects/setobject.c
@@ -3023,14 +3023,14 @@ PySet_Contains(PyObject *anyset, PyObject *key)
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
         return -1;
     }
-    if (PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(anyset)) {
-        return set_contains_key((PySetObject *)anyset, key);
+
+    PySetObject *so = (PySetObject *)anyset;
+    Py_hash_t hash = _PyObject_HashFast(key);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        set_unhashable_type(key);
+        return -1;
     }
-    int rv;
-    Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(anyset);
-    rv = set_contains_key((PySetObject *)anyset, key);
-    Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
-    return rv;
+    return set_contains_entry(so, key, hash);
 }
 
 int