LifecycleManager.js

/*!
 * Lifecycle Manager
 *
 * Copyright 2012 Antranig Basman
 *
 * Licensed under the New BSD license. You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with this License.
 *
 * The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's
 * Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)
 * under grant agreement no. 289016.
 *
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * https://github.com/GPII/universal/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
 */

"use strict";

var fluid = fluid || require("infusion"),
    gpii = fluid.registerNamespace("gpii"),
    $ = fluid.registerNamespace("jQuery");

(function () {

    fluid.defaults("gpii.lifecycleManager", {
        gradeNames: ["fluid.modelComponent", "fluid.contextAware"],
        retryOptions: {      // Options governing how often to recheck whether settings are set (and in future, to check for running processes)
            rewriteEvery: 0, // This feature is now disabled except in integration tests, causing settings handler instability via GPII-2522
            numRetries: 12,  // Make 12 attempts over a period of 12 seconds to discover whether settings are set
            retryInterval: 1000
        },
        debounceTimeMs: 1500,  // The debounce time in milliseconds for /proximityTriggered endpoint to reject the following request with the same GPII key
        components: {
            // Note: The subcomponent "privateMatchMaker" is distributed from flowManager so it doesn't disturb lifecycle manager unit tests.
            // TODO: privateMatchMaker will eventually be factored into the UserLogonRequest where key-in matchmaker requests are handled.
            // privateMatchMaker: {
            //     type: "gpii.lifecycleManager.privateMatchMaker"
            // },
            userSession: {
                type: "gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession"
            },
            restoreSession: {
                type: "gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSession",
                options: {
                    model: {
                        gpiiKey: "restore"
                    }
                }
            },
            variableResolver: {
                type: "gpii.lifecycleManager.variableResolver"
            },
            nameResolver: {
                type: "gpii.lifecycleManager.nameResolver"
            },
            userErrors: {
                type: "gpii.userErrors"
            }
        },
        dynamicComponents: {
            userLogonRequests: {
                type: "{arguments}.0",
                createOnEvent: "onUserLogonRequestReceived",
                options: {
                    gpiiKey: "{arguments}.1",
                    requestPromise: "{arguments}.2"
                }
            }
        },
        members: {
            /* action queue for high-level lifecycle manager tasks (start, stop or update).
             * The entries in the action queue are of the format { func: <functionToCall>, arg: <argument> } where
             * <functionToCall> is a single-argument function that returns a promise. The promise should be resolved when
             * the function is complete (including side-effects).
             * A more detailed description: https://github.com/GPII/universal/tree/master/documentation/LifecycleMananger.md
             */
            actionQueue: [],
            userLogonRequestQueue: []
        },
        model: {
            // Holds the GPII key from the last environmental login
            lastEnvironmentalLoginGpiiKey: undefined,
            currentUserLogon: { // Holds information about the last non-noUser login/logout action
                                // for /proximityTriggered endpoint to verify its debounce rule.
                type: undefined, // "login"/"logout"
                gpiiKey: undefined, // string with GPII key
                timeStamp: 0
            },
            logonChange: { // Holds information about the most recent login/logout action so its progress may be tracked in a modelised way
                type: undefined, // "login"/"logout"
                inProgress: false, // boolean
                gpiiKey: undefined, // string with GPII key
                timeStamp: 0
            }
        },
        events: {
            onSessionStart: null,          // fired with [gradeName, gpiiKey] - notify listeners
            onSessionSnapshotUpdate: null, // fired with [{lifecycleManager}, {session}, originalSettings]
            onSessionStop: null,           // fired with [{lifecycleManager}, {session}]
            onAutoSaveRequired: null,  // fired with [gpiiKey, {session}.model.preferences]
            onClearActionQueue: null,
            onUserLogonRequestReceived: null, // fired with [gradeName, reqeustId, gpiiKey, requestPromise]
            onQueueEmpty: null,
            onClearUserLogonRequestQueue: null
        },
        listeners: {
            "onSessionSnapshotUpdate.log": "gpii.lifecycleManager.logSnapshotUpdate",
            "onCreate.createActionFunctions": "gpii.lifecycleManager.createActionQueueFunctions",
            "onClearActionQueue.clearQueue": "gpii.lifecycleManager.clearQueue({that}.actionQueue, 'action')",
            "onClearUserLogonRequestQueue.clearQueue": "gpii.lifecycleManager.clearQueue({that}.userLogonRequestQueue, 'user logon request')"
        },
        actionQueueFunctions: {
            expander: { // manually expanded via the createActionQueueFunctions function
                type: "fluid.noexpand",
                value: {
                    stop: "{that}.processStop",
                    start: "{that}.processStart",
                    read: "{that}.processRead",
                    update: "{that}.processUpdate"
                }
            }
        },
        invokers: {
            // Handle login, logout and proximityTriggered requests
            performLogin: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.performLogin",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1"]
                                 // gpiiKey, loginInfo
            },
            performLogout: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.performLogout",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0"]
                                 // gpiiKey
            },
            performProximityTriggered: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.performProximityTriggered",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0"]
                                 // gpiiKey
            },
            replayEnvironmentalLogin: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.replayEnvironmentalLogin",
                args: ["{that}", "{that}.model.lastEnvironmentalLoginGpiiKey"]
            },
            isBounce: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.isBounce",
                args: ["{that}.model.logonChange", "{that}.model.currentUserLogon", "{that}.options.debounceTimeMs", "{arguments}.0"]
                                                                  // gpiiKey
            },
            errorResponse: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.errorResponse",
                args: ["{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1", "{arguments}.2", "{arguments}.3"]
                       // requestPromise or requestComponent, message, statusCode, ignoreUserErrors
            },

            // get the current active GPII key
            getActiveSessionGpiiKey: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.getActiveSessionGpiiKey",
                args: ["{that}.userSession"]
            },
            addLifecycleInstructionsToPayload: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.addLifecycleInstructionsToPayload",
                args: ["{arguments}.0"]
                       // fullPayload
            },
            updateActivePrefsSetName: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.updateActivePrefsSetName",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1"]
                                 // fullPayload, newPrefsSetName
            },
            prefsSetNameChanged: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.prefsSetNameChanged",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0"]
                                 // newPrefsSetName
            },
            applyPreferences: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.applyPreferences",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1"]
                                 // preferences, prefsAppliedLocalEvent
            },
            readPreferences: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.readPreferences",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1", "{arguments}.2"]
                                 // preferences, preferenceReadSuccessEvent, preferenceReadFailEvent
            },
            // Return lifecycleManager.userSession by default. If a GPII key is provided, return the session of the given key.
            getSession: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.getSession",
                args: ["{that}.userSession", "{that}.restoreSession", "{arguments}.0"]
                                                                      // GPII key
            },
            // Handle the action queue
            addToActionQueue: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.addToActionQueue",
                args: ["{that}", "{that}.actionQueue", "{arguments}.0"]
            },
            processActionQueue: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.processActionQueue",
                args: ["{that}", "{that}.actionQueue"]
            },
            // Handle the user logon request queue
            addToUserLogonRequestQueue: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.addToUserLogonRequestQueue",
                args: ["{that}", "{that}.userLogonRequestQueue", "{arguments}.0"]
                // queueItem
            },
            processUserLogonRequestQueue: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.processUserLogonRequestQueue",
                args: ["{that}", "{that}.userLogonRequestQueue"]
            },
            endProcessOneUserLogonRequest: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.endProcessOneUserLogonRequest",
                args: ["{lifecycleManager}"]
                // queueItem
            },
            // start: manually created function which should be called on user login (i.e. configuring the system)
            // stop: manually created function which should be called on user logout (i.e. restoring the system)
            // read: manually created function which should be called on reading settings of an already configured system
            // update: manually created function which should be called on update (i.e. changes in the setting of an already configured system)
            processStart: { // should not be used directly, use the manually created 'start' invoker instead
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.processStart",
                args: [ "{that}", "{that}.userSession", "{arguments}.0"]
                // Use IoC declaration "{that}.userSession" to force the instantiation of "userSession" subcomponent
            },
            processStop: { // should not be used directly, use the manually created 'stop' invoker instead
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.processStop",
                args: [ "{that}", "{arguments}.0"]
            },
            processRead: { // should not be used directly, use the manually created 'read' invoker instead
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.processRead",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0"]
                                 // solutions
            },
            processUpdate: { // should not be used directly, use the manually created 'update' invoker instead
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.processUpdate",
                args: [ "{that}", "{arguments}.0"]
                                  // finalPayload
            },
            applySolution: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.applySolution",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1", "{arguments}.2", "{arguments}.3", "{arguments}.4"]
                                 // solutionId,  solutionRecord, session, lifecycleBlocksKeys, rootAction
            },
            executeActions: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.executeActions",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1", "{arguments}.2", "{arguments}.3", "{arguments}.4"]
                                 // solutionId, settingsHandlers, actions, session, rootAction
            },
            invokeSettingsHandlerGet: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.invokeSettingsHandlerGet",
                args: ["{that}",  "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1"]
                                  // solutionId, settingsHandlers
            },
            invokeSettingsHandlerSet: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.invokeSettingsHandlerSet",
                args: ["{that}",  "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1", "{arguments}.2"]
                                  // solutionId, settingsHandlers, handlerType
            },
            restoreSnapshot: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSnapshot",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0"]
                                 // originalSettings
            },
            getSolutionRunningState: {
                funcName: "gpii.lifecycleManager.getSolutionRunningState",
                args: ["{that}", "{arguments}.0", "{arguments}.1", "{arguments}.2"]
                                 // solutionId, solution, session
            }
        }
    });

    fluid.defaults("gpii.test.lifecycleManager.integration", {
        // Test this only in integration testing scenarios
        retryOptions: {
            rewriteEvery: 3
        }
    });

    fluid.contextAware.makeAdaptation({
        distributionName: "gpii.test.lifecycleManager.integration.adaptation",
        targetName: "gpii.lifecycleManager",
        adaptationName: "integrationTest",
        checkName: "integrationTest",
        record: {
            contextValue: "{gpii.contexts.test.integration}",
            gradeNames: "gpii.test.lifecycleManager.integration"
        }
    });

    /**
     * Function to check whether a proximity trigger should bounce.
     * Debounce rule: any RFID actions is ignored for <myGpiiKey> if a login/logout for <myGpiiKey> is in progress
     *                OR if the last login/logout process for <myGpiiKey> finished less than 1.5 seconds ago
     * If no user is logged in and debounce doesn't apply, log in <myGpiiKey>
     * If <myGpiiKey> is logged in and debounce doesn't apply, log out <myGpiiKey>
     * If another user is already logged in or in the process of logging in or out, log that user out and log in <myGpiiKey>
     *
     * @param {Component} currentLogonChange - The value of lifecycleManager.model.logonChange.
     * @param {Component} currentUserLogon - The value of lifecycleManager.model.currentUserLogon.
     * @param {Integer} debounceTimeMs - The time in milliseconds for which to debounce after last proximityTrigger was fired.
     * @param {String} gpiiKey - The GPII key of the user for whom the proximityTrigger was fired.
     * @return {Boolean} Returns true if the proximityTrigger should be ignored (i.e. is considered a bounce). This is done according
     *              to the following rule: any RFID actions is ignored for <myGpiiKey> if a login/logout for <myGpiiKey> is in progress
     *              OR if the last login/logout process for <myGpiiKey> finished less than {debounceTimeMs} milliseconds ago
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.isBounce = function (currentLogonChange, currentUserLogon, debounceTimeMs, gpiiKey) {
        // if login/logout is in progress for <gpiiKey> we consider it a bounce
        var now = Date.now();

        if (currentLogonChange.gpiiKey === "noUser" && currentLogonChange.type === "login" && !currentLogonChange.inProgress) {
            return currentUserLogon.gpiiKey === gpiiKey && now - currentUserLogon.timeStamp < debounceTimeMs;
        } else if (gpiiKey === currentLogonChange.gpiiKey) {
            return currentLogonChange.inProgress || now - currentLogonChange.timeStamp < debounceTimeMs;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    };

    /**
     * Function to perform proximityTriggered keyin and keyout.
     *
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {String} gpiiKey - The GPII key of the user for whom the keyin or keyout was performed.
     * @return {Promise} The promise whose resolved value contains the logon success message and rejected value contains
     * the fail message.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.performProximityTriggered = function (that, gpiiKey) {
        fluid.log("proximity triggered by GPII key: ", gpiiKey);
        var promiseTogo = fluid.promise();

        // find currently logged in user:
        var activeGpiiKey = that.getActiveSessionGpiiKey();

        if (that.isBounce(gpiiKey)) {
            fluid.log("Proximity trigger ignored due to bounce rules");
            that.errorResponse(promiseTogo, "Proximity trigger ignored due to bounce rules. Please wait current logon change is complete", 429);
            return promiseTogo;
        }

        // if the login user is "reset", trigger the reset process via login with "reset" key
        if (gpiiKey === "reset") {
            promiseTogo = that.addToUserLogonRequestQueue({
                gpiiKey: "reset",
                logonState: "login"
            });
            return promiseTogo;
        }

        // if user is already logged in, log them out. If it's a different user who is logged in
        // log that user out before logging in with the new user
        if (activeGpiiKey) {
            var previousUser = activeGpiiKey;
            if (previousUser !== gpiiKey) {
                that.addToUserLogonRequestQueue({
                    gpiiKey: previousUser,
                    logonState: "logout"
                });
                promiseTogo = that.addToUserLogonRequestQueue({
                    gpiiKey: gpiiKey,
                    logonState: "login"
                });
            } else {
                promiseTogo = that.addToUserLogonRequestQueue({
                    gpiiKey: previousUser,
                    logonState: "logout"
                });
            }
        }
        return promiseTogo;
    };

    /**
     * Shared function to perform keyin and keyout.
     *
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {String} gpiiKey - The GPII key of the user for whom the keyin or keyout was performed.
     * @param {Object} loginInfo - [optional] Extra login information
     * @param {Boolean} loginInfo.isEnvironmentalLogin - Whether this login is an environmental login. For example,
     * logins via USB or NFC are not environmental login while the windows auto logins are environmental login. When
     * this argument is not provided, this login is considered as a non-environmental login.
     * @return {Promise} The promise whose resolved value contains the logon success message and rejected value contains
     * the fail message.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.performLogin = function (that, gpiiKey, loginInfo) {
        // If the active key is "noUser", log it out before logging in another key
        var activeGpiiKey = that.getActiveSessionGpiiKey();
        var lastLogonRequest = that.userLogonRequestQueue[that.userLogonRequestQueue.length - 1];
        loginInfo = loginInfo || {};

        // Add the logout of noUser to the user logon request queue when:
        // 1. There is a current active key;
        // 2. The last logon request in the queue is to key in this current active key. This case sometimes occurs
        // when a key in request is still in progress or is waiting in the logon request queue to be processed.
        if (activeGpiiKey || lastLogonRequest && lastLogonRequest.gpiiKey === activeGpiiKey && lastLogonRequest.logonState === "login") {
            that.addToUserLogonRequestQueue({
                gpiiKey: activeGpiiKey,
                logonState: "logout"
            });
        }

        if (loginInfo.isEnvironmentalLogin) {
            that.applier.change("lastEnvironmentalLoginGpiiKey", gpiiKey);
        }

        // Login the requested key
        var logonPromise = that.addToUserLogonRequestQueue({
            gpiiKey: gpiiKey,
            logonState: "login"
        });
        return logonPromise;
    };

    /**
     * Shared function to perform keyout.
     *
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {String} gpiiKey - The GPII key of the user for whom the keyin or keyout was performed.
     * @return {Promise} The promise whose resolved value contains the logon success message and rejected value contains
     * the fail message.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.performLogout = function (that, gpiiKey) {
        var logonPromise = that.addToUserLogonRequestQueue({
            gpiiKey: gpiiKey,
            logonState: "logout"
        });
        return logonPromise;
    };

    /**
     * To re-apply the last environmental login.
     * This function is used by gpii-app to easily trigger a re-login of the last environmental login.
     * The replay is only performed when:
     * 1. The active GPII key is "noUser", in which case for some reason (e.g. the "reset to standard" function has
     * been activated) the user has become logged out.
     * 2. The active GPII key is the environmental login key.
     *
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {String} lastEnvironmentalLoginGpiiKey - The GPII key of the last environmental login.
     * @return {Promise} The promise whose resolved value contains the login success message and rejected value contains
     * the fail message.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.replayEnvironmentalLogin = function (that, lastEnvironmentalLoginGpiiKey) {
        var promiseTogo = fluid.promise();
        var activeGpiiKey = that.getActiveSessionGpiiKey();
        if (activeGpiiKey === "noUser" || activeGpiiKey === lastEnvironmentalLoginGpiiKey) {
            promiseTogo = that.performLogin(lastEnvironmentalLoginGpiiKey, true);
        } else {
            promiseTogo.reject({
                isError: true,
                message: "Replay environmental login ignored because the current active GPII key is not \"noUser\" or the last GPII key used for the environmental login"
            });
        }
        return promiseTogo;
    };

    /**
     * This function is used in 2 cases:
     * 1. Report an error at the early stage of a logon request processing before a dynamic user logon request component
     * is created. At this moment, the report is onto a request promise by calling requestPromise.reject(). An typical
     * example is when a proximityTriggered request is bounced. See performProximityTriggered();
     * 2. Report an error after a dynamic user logon request component ("gpii.lifecycleManager.loginRequest" or
     * "gpii.lifecycleManager.logoutRequest") has been constructed and the error occurs when the request component is processing
     * the logon. This error will be reported to the request component via request.events.onError.fire(). The example of this
     * type spreads out on the handler grade gpii.lifecycleManager.userLogonHandling.
     *
     * @param {Promise|Component} togo - When `togo` is a requst promise, its reject() is invoked with the constructed message.
     * When `togo` is an instance of "gpii.lifecycleManager.loginRequest" or "gpii.lifecycleManager.logoutRequest", the error is
     * reported by firing onError event with the constructed message.
     * @param {String} message - The error message to be included in the constructed message.
     * @param {Number} statusCode - The status code to be included in the constructed message.
     * @param {Boolean} ignoreUserErrors - The flag that indicate whether this error should be reported to users via userErrors.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.errorResponse = function (togo, message, statusCode, ignoreUserErrors) {
        var error = {
            statusCode: statusCode || 500,
            message: message || "Unknown error occurred on logon change action",
            ignoreUserErrors: ignoreUserErrors || false
        };

        if (fluid.isPromise(togo)) {
            togo.reject(error);
        } else {
            togo.events.onError.fire(error);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Manually constructs the functions in the actionQueueFunctions options.
     * This is done manually to avoid resolving the "{that}" part of the function to be called (e.g. "{that}.processStart")
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.createActionQueueFunctions = function (that) {
        fluid.each(that.options.actionQueueFunctions, function (queueFunc, invokerName) {
            that[invokerName] = function (arg) {
                return that.addToActionQueue({
                    func: queueFunc,
                    invokerName: invokerName,
                    arg: arg
                });
            };
        });
    };

    /**
     * Add lifecycle instructions to the payload.
     * @param {Object} fullPayload - The payload to add lifecycle instructions.
     * @return {Object} - The payload that has lifecycle instructions added.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.addLifecycleInstructionsToPayload = function (fullPayload) {
        fullPayload.activeConfiguration = {
            inferredConfiguration: fluid.extend(true, {}, fullPayload.matchMakerOutput.inferredConfiguration[fullPayload.activePrefsSetName])
        };
        var lifecycleInstructions = gpii.transformer.configurationToSettings(fullPayload.activeConfiguration.inferredConfiguration, fullPayload.solutionsRegistryEntries);
        fluid.set(fullPayload, "activeConfiguration.lifecycleInstructions", lifecycleInstructions);
        return fullPayload;
    };

    /**
     * Transform preferences to final payload and apply it to the local computer.
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {Object} preferences - The preferences to be transformed and applied.
     * @param {String|Array} prefsAppliedLocalEvent - Fired once the preferences are applied to the local computer.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.applyPreferences = function (that, preferences, prefsAppliedLocalEvent) {
        fluid.log("Lifecycle Manager: Received updated preferences ", preferences);

        // Grab current session
        var userSession = that.getSession();

        // tweak payload to be in preferences set format and find out if the changed preferences contain new ones
        var parsedPrefs = {};
        var hasNewPrefs = false;
        var previousPrefs = fluid.get(userSession.model.preferences, ["contexts", userSession.model.activePrefsSetName, "preferences"]);
        var oldPrefsPaths = gpii.transformer.computeDemandedSettingsPaths(previousPrefs);

        fluid.each(preferences, function (spec, pref) {
            // Filter out preferences in the pspChannel request that have no value change but were initially recorded
            // in "pspChannel.model.settingControls" for reporting default schema values
            if (spec.value !== undefined) {
                var prefPath = fluid.pathUtil.parseEL(pref);
                fluid.set(parsedPrefs, prefPath, spec.value);

                if (oldPrefsPaths.indexOf(prefPath[0]) === -1) {
                    hasNewPrefs = true;
                }
            }
        });

        // GPII-3378: 2 routes for applying incoming preferences based on whether they contain new preferences that are not
        // part of userSession.model.preferences:
        // 1. When there are new preferences, preform a round of local matchmaking and use its result to apply preferences;
        // 2. When there aren't new preferences, use the previous matchmaking result from userSession.model to apply preferences.
        gpii.lifecycleManager[hasNewPrefs ? "applyWithNewPrefs" : "applyExistingPrefs"](that, userSession, parsedPrefs, prefsAppliedLocalEvent);
    };

    // This function is called when preferences to be applied contain new preferences that are not in session.model.preferences.
    // It performs a round of local matchmaking and uses the matchmaking result to apply all preferences including new ones.
    // This is because when GPII runs in the untrusted config, for the security reason, the matchamking results fetched from
    // the cloud for the previous preferences only contains the filtered results on solution registry and inferred configurations
    // (etc) that are relevant to the previous preferences. This result is not enough for applying new preferences.
    gpii.lifecycleManager.applyWithNewPrefs = function (that, session, parsedPrefs, prefsAppliedLocalEvent) {
        var newPrefsSet = {};
        fluid.set(newPrefsSet, ["contexts", session.model.activePrefsSetName, "preferences"], parsedPrefs);
        var updatedPrefSet = fluid.extend({}, session.model.preferences, newPrefsSet);
        var activeGpiiKey = that.getActiveSessionGpiiKey();

        // Perform a local matchmaking to get matched solutions for existing and new preferences.
        var matchMakingPromise = that.privateMatchMaker.doMatch(activeGpiiKey, updatedPrefSet);

        matchMakingPromise.then(function (newPayload) {
            var fullPayload = fluid.extend(true, {}, session.model);
            fluid.set(fullPayload, ["preferences"], updatedPrefSet);
            fluid.set(fullPayload, ["matchMakerOutput", "inferredConfiguration"], newPayload.matchMakerOutput.inferredConfiguration);
            fluid.set(fullPayload, ["solutionsRegistryEntries"], newPayload.solutionsRegistryEntries);
            fluid.set(fullPayload, ["currentPreferences"], gpii.lifecycleManager.getPreferencesForSet(fullPayload.preferences, fullPayload.activePrefsSetName));
            that.addLifecycleInstructionsToPayload(fullPayload);

            session.applier.change("", fullPayload, "ADD", "userUpdate");
            that.update(fullPayload).then(prefsAppliedLocalEvent.fire);
        });
    };

    // Being the counterpart of applyWithNewPrefs(), this function is called when preferences to be applied only contain
    // existing preferences that are in session.model.preferences. It uses the existing matchmaking result stored in
    // session.model to apply these preferences.
    gpii.lifecycleManager.applyExistingPrefs = function (that, session, parsedPrefs, prefsAppliedLocalEvent) {
        // Only the user updated preferences will be saved to the cloud, which is identified by firing the model change request
        // with source === "userUpdate". Note that changes requests on model.preferences can also be triggered by initial
        // key-in or the change of the preferences set. The preferences change from these actions should not be saved to the cloud.
        session.applier.change(["preferences", "contexts", session.model.activePrefsSetName, "preferences"], parsedPrefs, "ADD", "userUpdate");

        // get new inferred configuration to be applied:
        var newInferred = gpii.matchMakerFramework.utils.updateInferredConfiguration(session.model.preferences, session.model.matchMakerOutput.inferredConfiguration, session.model.solutionsRegistryEntries);

        // full payload from session:
        var fullPayload = fluid.extend(true, {}, session.model);
        fluid.set(fullPayload, ["matchMakerOutput", "inferredConfiguration"], newInferred);
        that.addLifecycleInstructionsToPayload(fullPayload);

        session.applier.change("", {
            activeConfiguration: fullPayload.activeConfiguration,
            currentPreferences: gpii.lifecycleManager.getPreferencesForSet(fullPayload.preferences, fullPayload.activePrefsSetName)
        });

        that.update(fullPayload).then(prefsAppliedLocalEvent.fire);
    };

    /**
     * Read corresponding setting values of the requested preferences. The read result is applied as
     * a model change to userSession.model.currentPreferences.
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {Object} preferences - The preferences to read settings for. An example is:
     * "http://registry\\.gpii\\.net/common/magnification": {
     *     value: 3
     * }
     * @param {Event} preferenceReadSuccessEvent - The event fired when the read succeeds.
     * @param {Event} preferenceReadFailEvent - The event fired when the read fails.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.readPreferences = function (that, preferences, preferenceReadSuccessEvent, preferenceReadFailEvent) {
        fluid.log("Lifecycle Manager: Received preferences to read ", preferences);
        var session = that.getSession();

        // Mock values for running preferences thru matchMaker
        var parsedPreferences = {};
        var activePrefsSetName = "gpii-default";

        fluid.each(preferences, function (spec, pref) {
            var prefPath = fluid.pathUtil.parseEL(pref);
            fluid.set(parsedPreferences, prefPath, spec.value);
        });

        var onePrefsSet = {};
        fluid.set(onePrefsSet, ["contexts", activePrefsSetName, "preferences"], parsedPreferences);

        // Perform a local matchmaking to get matched solutions for preferences.
        var matchMakingPromise = that.privateMatchMaker.doMatch("readSetting", onePrefsSet);
        matchMakingPromise.then(function (payload) {
            fluid.set(payload, ["activePrefsSetName"], activePrefsSetName);
            fluid.set(payload, ["preferences"], onePrefsSet);
            that.addLifecycleInstructionsToPayload(payload);

            // compile a list of solution registry entries for all matched solutoins
            var matchMakerSolutionRegistryEntries = fluid.get(payload, ["activeConfiguration", "lifecycleInstructions"]);
            var settingsPromise = that.read(matchMakerSolutionRegistryEntries);

            settingsPromise.then(function (allSettingValues) {
                // As lifecycleManager.read() returns values for all settings that matched solutions support,
                // only filter out setting values that are in the matchmaker result.
                var matchMakerSettings = gpii.lifecycleManager.getMatchMakerSettings(allSettingValues, matchMakerSolutionRegistryEntries);

                // Transform settings to preferences
                var transformed = gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSettingsToPrefs(matchMakerSettings, matchMakerSolutionRegistryEntries);

                // Filter matched preferences
                var matchedPrefs = gpii.lifecycleManager.filterMatchedPrefs(transformed, parsedPreferences);

                // Use cases discovered that will result in "matchedPrefs" being an empty object include:
                // 1. Settings handler that have get() defined but not implemented - https://issues.gpii.net/browse/GPII-4217
                // 2. "inverseCapabilitiesTransformations" blocks for one or more settings are not defined. In this case,
                // although setting values are read successfully, when these values are transformed into preference values via
                // gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSettingsToPrefs(), an empty object will return - https://issues.gpii.net/browse/GPII-4216
                if ($.isEmptyObject(matchedPrefs)) {
                    preferenceReadFailEvent.fire();
                } else {
                    session.applier.change(["currentPreferences"], fluid.extend(true, fluid.copy(session.model.currentPreferences), matchedPrefs));
                    preferenceReadSuccessEvent.fire();
                }
            }, preferenceReadFailEvent.fire);
        });
    };

    /*
     * Get preferences block for a certain context.
     * @param {Object} prefsSets - An object containing one or more preferences sets.
     * @param {String} prefsSetName - A name of a preferences set.
     * @return {Object} The actual preferences for the active context.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.getPreferencesForSet = function (prefsSets, prefsSetName) {
        var prefs = fluid.get(prefsSets, ["contexts", prefsSetName, "preferences"]);
        return prefs || {};
    };

    /**
     * Return the user's GPII key that is associated with the active session.
     * @param {Component} userSession - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession.
     * @return {String} The GPII key of the active session.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.getActiveSessionGpiiKey = function (userSession) {
        return userSession.model.gpiiKey;
    };

    /**
     * Return the active session. The logic is:
     * 1. If a GPII key is not provided, return the instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession;
     * 2. If a GPII key is provided:
     * 2.1 The given key is "restore", return the instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSession;
     * 2.2 The given key is NOT "restore", checks if gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession is handling the given GPII key.
     * If yes, return gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession. Otherwise, return undefined.
     * @param {Component} userSession - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession.
     * @param {Component} restoreSession - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSession.
     * @param {String} [gpiiKey] - [optional] A GPII key. If provided, return the matched session for the given GPII
     * key. If no matched session is found, return undefined.
     * @return {Component} Could be an instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession or an instance of
     * gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSession or undefined.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.getSession = function (userSession, restoreSession, gpiiKey) {
        return gpiiKey ? userSession.model.gpiiKey === gpiiKey ? userSession :
            gpiiKey === "restore" ? restoreSession : undefined
            : userSession;
    };

    /* Transforms the handlerSpec (handler part of the transformer's response payload) to a form
     * accepted by a settingsHandler - we use a 1-element array holding the payload for a single solution
     * per handler
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.specToSettingsHandler = function (solutionId, handlerSpec) {
        var returnObj = {},
            settings = {};

        if (handlerSpec.supportedSettings === undefined) {
            // if supportedSettings directive is not present, pass all settings:
            settings = handlerSpec.settings;
        } else {
            // we cant simply use fluid.filterKeys because that wont handle the cases where
            // there are 'undefined' values for the keys in handlerSpec.settings
            // TODO: Kaspar believes that the reason for filtering happening here rather than in the MatchMaker is
            // that the transformation of common terms into application specific settings doesn't occur until the
            // transformation stage - so we don't have the full list of app-specific settings to filter until now.
            for (var settingName in handlerSpec.supportedSettings) {
                if (handlerSpec.settings && settingName in handlerSpec.settings) {
                    settings[settingName] = handlerSpec.settings[settingName];
                }
            }
        }
        returnObj[solutionId] = [{
            settings: settings,
            options: handlerSpec.options
        }];

        // GPII-3119 Optionally include supportedSettings if there are any
        if (handlerSpec.supportedSettings !== undefined) {
            returnObj[solutionId][0].supportedSettings = handlerSpec.supportedSettings;
        }

        return returnObj;
    };

    // Transform the response from the handler SET to a format that we can persist in models before passing to handler SET on restore
    // - "oldValue" becomes {type: "ADD", value: <oldValue>}
    // - `undefined` value becomes {type: "DELETE"}
    gpii.lifecycleManager.responseToSnapshot = function (solutionId, handlerResponse) {
        var unValued = gpii.settingsHandlers.setResponseToSnapshot(handlerResponse);
        var armoured = gpii.settingsHandlers.settingsPayloadToChanges(unValued);
        // Note - we deal in these 1-element arrays just for simplicity in the LifecycleManager. A more efficient
        // implementation might send settings for multiple solutions to the same settingsHandler in a single request.
        // Note that in the session's snapshots, this level of array containment has been removed.
        return fluid.get(armoured, [solutionId, 0]);
    };

    gpii.lifecycleManager.invokeSettingsHandlerGet = function (that, solutionId, handlerSpec) {
        // first prepare the payload for the settingsHandler in question - a more efficient
        // implementation might bulk together payloads destined for the same handler
        var settingsHandlerPayload = gpii.lifecycleManager.specToSettingsHandler(solutionId, handlerSpec);
        var resolvedName = that.nameResolver.resolveName(handlerSpec.type, "settingsHandler");
        return gpii.settingsHandlers.dispatchSettingsHandlerGet(resolvedName, settingsHandlerPayload);
    };

    /**
    * @param {Component} that - The gpii.lifecycleManager
    * @param {String} solutionId - The id of the solution for which the settings handler should be invoked
    * @param {Object} handlerSpec - A single settings handler specification.
    * @param {String} handlerType - The name of the handler block (i.e. "settings" or "launchers")
    * @return {Promise} - A promise that will be resolved with a settings snapshot.
    * Payload example:
    *   http://wiki.gpii.net/index.php/Settings_Handler_Payload_Examples
    * Transformer output:
    *   http://wiki.gpii.net/index.php/Transformer_Payload_Examples
    */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.invokeSettingsHandlerSet = function (that, solutionId, handlerSpec, handlerType) {
        // first prepare the payload for the settingsHandler in question - a more efficient
        // implementation might bulk together payloads destined for the same handler
        var settingsHandlerPayload = gpii.lifecycleManager.specToSettingsHandler(solutionId, handlerSpec);
        var resolvedName = that.nameResolver.resolveName(handlerSpec.type, "settingsHandler");
        var setSettingsPromise = gpii.settingsHandlers.dispatchSettingsHandlerSet(resolvedName, settingsHandlerPayload, that.options.retryOptions);
        var togo = fluid.promise();
        var setSettingsFail = function (error) {
            togo.reject(error);
            var userMessageKey = handlerType === "launchHandlers" ?
                handlerSpec.settings.running ? "StartApplicationFail" : "StopApplicationFail"
                : "WriteSettingFail";
            that.userErrors.events.userError.fire({
                isError: true,
                messageKey: userMessageKey,
                originalError: error
            });
        };

        setSettingsPromise.then(function (handlerResponse) {
            // update the settings section of our snapshot to contain the new information
            var settingsSnapshot = gpii.lifecycleManager.responseToSnapshot(solutionId, handlerResponse);
            // Settings handlers may or may not return options (currently it seems they all do) - gain resistance to this by restoring the
            // original "options" supplied to them.
            fluid.each(handlerSpec, function (entry, key) {
                if (key !== "settings") {
                    settingsSnapshot[key] = fluid.copy(entry);
                }
            });
            togo.resolve(settingsSnapshot);
        }, setSettingsFail);

        return togo;
    };


    gpii.lifecycleManager.invokeAction = function (action, nameResolver) {
        var resolvedName = nameResolver.resolveName(action.type, "action");
        return fluid.invokeGradedFunction(resolvedName, action);
    };

    /* Compensate for the effect of simpleminded merging when applied to a snapshot where an "DELETE" is merged on top of an "ADD" */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.cleanDeletes = function (value) {
        if (value.type === "DELETE") {
            delete value.value;
        }
        return value;
    };

    /* Remove all the settings blocks from a solutions registry entry */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.removeSettingsBlocks = function (solutionEntry) {
        fluid.each(["settingsHandlers", "launchHandlers"], function (handlersBlock) {
            solutionEntry[handlersBlock] = fluid.transform(solutionEntry[handlersBlock], function (handler) {
                return fluid.filterKeys(handler, "settings", true);
            });
        });
        return solutionEntry;
    };

    /* Applies snapshotted settings from a single settingsHandler block attached to a single solution into the "originalSettings"
     * model snapshot area in the LifecycleManager's session. Tightly bound to executeSettingsAction, executes one-to-one with it
     * with almost identical argument list.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.recordSnapshotInSession = function (that, snapshot, solutionId, solutionRecord, session, handlerType, settingsHandlerBlockName, rootAction) {
        if (rootAction === "start" || rootAction === "update") {
            var toSnapshot = gpii.lifecycleManager.removeSettingsBlocks(fluid.copy(solutionRecord));

            // do not remove the settingshandlers blocks, since we need them when restoring the system.
            // This is particularly relevant for launch handlers, where we will need to run the "get" directives on logout to decide
            // whether we an application is running or not, and consequently, whether to run the "update" or "stop" block
            toSnapshot[handlerType][settingsHandlerBlockName] = snapshot;
            // keep the settings that are already stored from the
            // original snapshot, but augment it with any settings from the new snapshot
            // that were not present in the original snapshot.
            //
            // This is relevant when doing an update for obvious reasons
            // (and tested) in LifecycleManagerTests.js "Updating with normal reference to settingsHandler block, and 'undefined' value stored in snapshot"
            //
            // It is also relevant for logins ("start" root action), in case a solution is already running.
            // This would trigger a call to its "update" block. If that in turn eg. looks like the following
            // [ "stop", "configure", "start" ] we would want the original state recorded during the "stop"
            // action to persist - even when the "start" block is later run
            var mergedSettings = fluid.extend(true, {}, toSnapshot, session.model.originalSettings[solutionId]);
            var cleanedSettings = gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSolutionSettings(mergedSettings, gpii.lifecycleManager.cleanDeletes);
            session.applier.change(["originalSettings", solutionId], cleanedSettings);
        } else if (rootAction === "restore" || rootAction === "stop") {
            // no-op - during a restore action we don't attempt to create a further snapshot
        } else {
            fluid.fail("Unrecognised rootAction " + rootAction);
        }
    };

    /* In the case we are servicing a "restore" rootAction, wrap "dangerous" promises which perform system actions so
     * that they do not reject, to ensure that we continue to try to restore the system come what may - GPII-2160
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.wrapRestorePromise = function (promise, rootAction) {
        return rootAction === "restore" && fluid.isPromise(promise) ?
            gpii.rejectToLog(promise, " while restoring journal snapshot") : promise;
    };

    /**
     * @param {Object} that - The lifecycle manager component.
     * @param {String} solutionId - The ID of the solution for which to execute the settings.
     * @param {Object} solutionRecord - The solution registry entry for the solution.
     * @param {Component} session - The current session component. This function will attach the
     *     solution record to the 'currentSettings' of the session's model (if successful).
     * @param {String} handlerType - The name of the handler block (i.e. "settings" or "launchers").
     * @param {String} settingsHandlerBlockName - Should be a reference to a settings block from the
     *     settingsHandlers section.
     * @param {String} rootAction - The root action on the LifecycleManager which is being serviced: "start", "stop",
     *    "update", "restore" or "isRunning".
     * @return {Function} A nullary function (a task), that once executed will set the settings returning a promise
     *     that will be resolved once the settings are successfully set.
    */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.executeSettingsAction = function (that, solutionId, solutionRecord, session, handlerType, settingsHandlerBlockName, rootAction) {
        var settingsHandlerBlock = solutionRecord[handlerType][settingsHandlerBlockName];
        if (settingsHandlerBlock === undefined) {
            fluid.fail("Reference to non-existing settingsHandler block named " + settingsHandlerBlockName +
                " in solution " + solutionId);
        }
        return function () {
            var expanded = session.localResolver(settingsHandlerBlock);
            if (rootAction === "isRunning") { // only run get and return directly if where checking for running applications
                return that.invokeSettingsHandlerGet(solutionId, expanded);
            } else {
                var settingsPromise = that.invokeSettingsHandlerSet(solutionId, expanded, handlerType);

                settingsPromise.then(function (snapshot) {
                    session.applier.change(["currentSettings", solutionId], solutionRecord);
                    gpii.lifecycleManager.recordSnapshotInSession(that, snapshot, solutionId, solutionRecord, session,
                        handlerType, settingsHandlerBlockName, rootAction);
                });
                return gpii.lifecycleManager.wrapRestorePromise(settingsPromise, rootAction);
            }
        };
    };

    /** For the complete entry for a single solution, transform each settingsHandler block by a supplied function - traditionally
     * either gpii.settingsHandlers.changesToSettings or gpii.settingsHandlers.settingsToChanges .
     * This is traditionally called during the "stop" action to unarmour all the settingsHandler blocks by converting from changes
     * back to settings. In a future version of the SettingsHandler API, this will not be necessary.
     * This is called during the "stop" action to convert the snapshotted "originalSettings" model material back to material
     * suitable for being sent to executeSettingsAction, as well as at the corresponding point during the "journal restore"
     * operation
     * @param {Object} solutionSettings - A settings block for a single solution, holding a member named `settingsHandlers`.
     * @param {Function} transformer - A function which will transform one settingsHandlers block in the supplied `solutionSettings`.
     * @return {Promise} A promise that will be resolved with the results of the transformation or rejected on error.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSolutionSettings = function (solutionSettings, transformer) {
        var togo = fluid.copy(solutionSettings); // safe since armoured
        fluid.each(["settingsHandlers", "launchHandlers"], function (handlersBlock) {
            togo[handlersBlock] = fluid.transform(solutionSettings[handlersBlock], function (handler) {
                return gpii.settingsHandlers.transformOneSolutionSettings(handler, transformer);
            });
            // avoid the handlerBlock to be `undefined` if it's not defined in solutionsRegistry entry. This is necessary for testing assertion purposes
            if (togo[handlersBlock] === undefined) {
                delete togo[handlersBlock];
            }
        });

        return togo;
    };

    // TODO: THIS IS CALLED ONLY FROM TEST CASES!
    /* As for gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSolutionSettings, only transforms the complete collection of stored solutions
     * (e.g. a value like session.model.originalSettings)
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.transformAllSolutionSettings = function (allSettings, transformer) {
        return fluid.transform(allSettings, function (solutionSettings) {
            return gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSolutionSettings(solutionSettings, transformer);
        });
    };

    /** Upgrades a promise rejection payload (or Error) by suffixing an additional "while" reason into its `message` field. If the
     * payload is already an Error, its `message` field will be updated in place, otherwise a shallow clone of the original payload
     * will be taken to perform the update.
     * @param {Object|Error} originError - A rejection payload. This should (at least) have the member `isError: true` set, as well
     *     as a String `message` holding a rejection reason.
     * @param {String} whileMsg - A message describing the activity which led to this error.
     * @return {Object} The rejected payload formed by shallow cloning the supplied argument (if it is not an `Error`) and
     *     suffixing its `message` member.
     */
    // TODO: Duplicate of kettle.upgradeError to avoid dependence on Kettle in this file. This needs to go into a new module once
    // Kettle is factored up.
    gpii.upgradeError = function (originError, whileMsg) {
        var error = originError instanceof Error ? originError : fluid.extend({}, originError);
        error.message = originError.message + whileMsg;
        return error;
    };

    /** Transform a promise into one that always resolves, by intercepting its reject action and converting it to a logging action
     * plus a resolve with an optionally supplied value.
     * The error payload's message will be logged to `fluid.log` with the priority `fluid.logLevel.WARN`.
     * @param {Promise} promise - The promise to be transformed.
     * @param {String} whileMsg - A suffix to be applied to the message, by the action of the utility `gpii.upgradeError`.
     *     This will typically begin with the text " while".
     * @param {Any} [resolveValue] - [optional] An optional value to be supplied to `resolve` of the returned promise, when the
     *     underlying promise rejects.
     * @return {Promise} The wrapped promise which will resolve whether the supplied promise resolves or rejects.
     */
    // TODO: In theory this is a fairly generic promise algorithm, but in practice there are some further subtleties - for
    // example, a better system would instead replace fluid.promise.sequence with a version that allowed some form of
    // "soft rejection" so that there might be a chance to signal failures to the user.
    gpii.rejectToLog = function (promise, whileMsg, resolveValue) {
        var togo = fluid.promise();
        promise.then(function (value) {
            togo.resolve(value);
        }, function (error) {
            gpii.upgradeError(error, whileMsg);
            fluid.log(fluid.logLevel.WARN, error.message);
            fluid.log(fluid.logLevel.WARN, error.stack);
            togo.resolve(resolveValue);
        });
        return togo;
    };

    /*
     * Infer an action block such as "start", "stop", "configure", etc.
     *
     * If some lifecycle block is not present, the system will use default actions for each block. These are as follows:
     * * "start", "stop" and "isRunning": will by default be references to all launch handler blocks
     * * "configure" and "restore": will by default be references to all settings handler blocks
     * * "update": depends on the solutions "liveness" value where "live" means set settings only and
     *             "liveRestart"/"manualRestart"/"OSRestart" means a [stop, configure, start] cycle
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.inferActionBlockSteps = function (actionName, solutionRecord) {
        var steps = [];
        if (["start", "stop", "isRunning"].indexOf(actionName) !== -1 && solutionRecord.launchHandlers) {
            // grab all lifecycle block names and make these the steps
            steps = fluid.transform(Object.keys(solutionRecord.launchHandlers), function (stepName) {
                return "launchers." + stepName;
            });
        } else if (["configure", "restore"].indexOf(actionName) !== -1 && solutionRecord.settingsHandlers) {
            // grab all settingshandler block names and make these the steps
            steps = fluid.transform(Object.keys(solutionRecord.settingsHandlers), function (stepName) {
                return "settings." + stepName;
            });
        } else if (actionName === "update") {
            // check liveness:
            var liveness = gpii.matchMakerFramework.utils.getLeastLiveness([solutionRecord]);
            if (liveness === "live") {
                steps = [ "configure" ];
            } else if (["liveRestart", "manualRestart", "OSRestart"].indexOf(liveness) !== -1) {
                steps = [ "stop", "configure", "start"];
            }
        }
        return steps;
    };

    /** Called for each solution during "start", "stop" and "update" phases
     * Actions to be performed are held in array "actions" and the settingsHandlers block from "solutions" (either Transformer
     * output, or snapshot output from "start" phase) encodes the settings to be set.
     * Returns the results from the settings action present in the list, and builds up action returns in session state
     * "actionResults" field (so that these may be referenced from context expressions in further actions).
     * @param {Component:LifecycleManager} that - The LifecycleManager instance of type `gpii.lifecycleManager`.
     * @param {String} solutionId - The id of the solution for which actions are to be performed.
     * @param {Object} solutionRecord - Either the solution's registry entry (on start) or the fabricated "restore" entry (on stop).
     * @param {Component:LifecycleManagerSession} session - The LifecycleManager Session of type `gpii.lifecycleManager.session.
     * @param {String} actionBlock - The key for the particular block in the solutions registry entry which is being acted on - this
     *    may differ from `rootAction` because, e.g. an "update" action may be serviced by stopping and starting the solution, etc.
     * @param {String} rootAction - The root action on the LifecycleManager which is being serviced: "start", "stop", "update" or
     *    "restore".
     * @return {Promise} A promise that will resolve when all the sequential actions have been performed. Any returned values
     *     will be built up as a side-effect within session.currentSettings, session.originalSettings, session.actionResults etc.
     *     If the `rootAction` is "restore", this promise will never reject, and instead the system will continue to make best
     *     efforts to continue executing actions even in the face of failures.
     */

    gpii.lifecycleManager.executeActions = function (that, solutionId, solutionRecord, session, actionBlock, rootAction) {
        var steps = solutionRecord[actionBlock] || gpii.lifecycleManager.inferActionBlockSteps(actionBlock, solutionRecord);
        if (steps === undefined) {
            fluid.log("No " + actionBlock + " actions defined for solution " + solutionId);
            return fluid.promise().resolve();
        }
        var sequence = fluid.transform(steps, function (action) {
            if (typeof(action) === "string") {
                // if the action is a reference to a settings block (settings.<refName> where <refName> is a key to
                // the settings handler block)
                if (action.startsWith("settings.")) {
                    var settingsHandlerBlockName = action.substring("settings.".length);
                    return gpii.lifecycleManager.executeSettingsAction(that, solutionId, solutionRecord, session, "settingsHandlers", settingsHandlerBlockName, rootAction);
                } else if (action.startsWith("launchers.")) {
                    var launchHandlerBlockName = action.substring("launchers.".length);

                    if (actionBlock === "isRunning") {
                        // if we're just checking for the run state, don't actually modify the solutionRecord with settings:
                        solutionRecord = fluid.copy(solutionRecord);
                    }
                    // Set appropriate settings (i.e. { running: true } if we're in a start block, else { running: false }.
                    var launchSettings = { running: actionBlock === "start" ? true : false };
                    fluid.set(solutionRecord, [ "launchHandlers", launchHandlerBlockName, "settings"], launchSettings);
                    return gpii.lifecycleManager.executeSettingsAction(that, solutionId, solutionRecord, session, "launchHandlers", launchHandlerBlockName, rootAction);
                } else if (actionBlock === "update") {
                    // Keywords: "start", "stop", "configure" are allowed here as well, and
                    // and will result in evaluating the respective block
                    // TODO (GPII-1230) Fix this up so we don't always run the full start and stops (including)
                    // system restoration, etc.
                    if (action === "start" || action === "configure" || action === "stop") {
                        return function () {
                            return that.executeActions(solutionId, solutionRecord, session, action, rootAction);
                        };
                    } else {
                        fluid.fail("Unrecognised string action in LifecycleManager: " + action +
                            " inside 'update' section for solution " + solutionId);
                    }
                }
            } else { // We allow free lifecycle actions, but strongly discourage them, since we don't have control of logging state like with settings/launch handlers
                return function () {
                    var expanded = session.localResolver(action);
                    var result = gpii.lifecycleManager.invokeAction(expanded, that.nameResolver);
                    if (action.name) {
                        session.applier.change(["actionResults", action.name], result);
                    }
                    // TODO: It seems we have never supported asynchronous actions
                };
            }
        });
        return fluid.promise.sequence(sequence);
    };

    /** Invoked on "start", "update", "stop" and "restore" phases - in addition to forwarding to
     * gpii.lifecycleManager.executeActions, it is responsible for saving the settings that are being set (when the fullSnapshot
     * is true) and storing the list of applied solutions to the session state
     *
     * @param {Component} that - The gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {String} solutionId - The ID of the solution.
     * @param {Object} solutionRecord - a solution record with settings that are to be applied to the system.
     * @param {Object} session - The object holding the state of the system. This is updated in place by the settings application
     *     process, if `rootAction` is start.
     * @param {Array} lifecycleBlockKeys - Array of ordered strings denoting which lifecycle blocks to run (supported values here
     *     are "configure", "start" and/or "update").
     * @param {String} rootAction - Either "start", "update" or "stop" depending on the lifecycleManager phase which is executing.
     * @return {Promise} The same promise yielded by executeActions - the stateful construction of the session state is tacked
     *     onto this promise as a side-effect.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.applySolution = function (that, solutionId, solutionRecord, session, lifecycleBlockKeys, rootAction) {
        var promises = fluid.transform(lifecycleBlockKeys, function (key) {
            // Courtesy to allow GPII-580 journalling tests to be expressed in-process - better expressed with FLUID-5790 cancellable promises
            if (!fluid.isDestroyed(that)) {
                return that.executeActions(solutionId, solutionRecord, session, key, rootAction);
            }
        });
        return fluid.promise.sequence(promises);
    };

    /**
     * Based on the current state of an application (ie. if it is running or not) and the desired state,
     * this function returns an array of actions for the lifecycle manager to run to get it to its
     * recorded state
     *
     * @param {Boolean} currentRunState - True if application is currently running。
     * @param {Boolean} desiredRunState - True if application should be running.
     * @param {Boolean} isRestore - If this is true, a "restore" will be used as the configuration action
     *    in the array that is returned. Else a "configure" will be used. In general, isRestore should be provided and
     *    true only of this is called by the logout/restore functionality of the system.
     * @return {Array} An array of actions (strings) that needs to be run to restore the application
     *       to its original state.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.calculateLifecycleActions = function (currentRunState, desiredRunState, isRestore) {
        var configurationType = isRestore ? "restore" : "configure";
        var actions;
        if (currentRunState === true) { // if it's already running
            if (desiredRunState === false) { // and it was not running on start
                actions = [ "stop", configurationType ];
            } else { // else update it
                actions = [ "update" ];
            }
        } else { // if it is not running
            if (desiredRunState === true) { // and it was running when we started
                actions = [ configurationType, "start" ];
            } else { // just restore settings
                actions = [ "restore" ];
            }
        }
        return actions;
    };

    /** Common utility used by gpii.lifecycleManager.stop and gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSnapshot
      * @param {Component} that - The gpii.lifecycleManager.
      * @param {Component} session - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.session component which must contain
      *   * A `originalSettings` snapshot in its model.
      *   * A `localResolver` member for expanding material.
      * @param {String} rootAction - Must be either "stop" or "restore".
      * @return {Promise} A promise for the action of restoring the system.
      */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSystem = function (that, session, rootAction) {
        var tasks = [];
        fluid.each(session.model.originalSettings, function (changesSolutionRecord, solutionId) {
            tasks.push(function () {
                // check the current state of the solution to decide whether we should run the
                // "restore", "update", or "stop"
                return that.getSolutionRunningState(solutionId, changesSolutionRecord, session);
            });
            tasks.push(function () {
                if (!fluid.isDestroyed(that)) { // See above comment for GPII-580
                    var solutionRecord = gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSolutionSettings(changesSolutionRecord, gpii.settingsHandlers.changesToSettings);
                    // TODO: This is a bit of a mess since we get it from the snapshot rather than from our explicit check for "isRunning" - we assume these agree
                    var recordedRunState = gpii.lifecycleManager.getSolutionRunningStateFromSnapshot(solutionRecord);
                    var currentRunState = session.model.runningOnLogin[solutionId];

                    var actions = gpii.lifecycleManager.calculateLifecycleActions(currentRunState, recordedRunState, true);
                    // build structure for returned values (for later reset)
                    return that.applySolution(solutionId, solutionRecord, session, actions, rootAction);
                }
            });
        });
        var sequence = fluid.promise.sequence(tasks);

        // // TODO: In theory we could stop all solutions in parallel
        return sequence;
    };

    /** Restore a snapshot of settings, perhaps captured in the journal. This constructs a "fake" session using the special GPII key "restore"
     * @param {Component} that - The gpii.lifecycleManager.
     * @param {Object} originalSettings - The system snapshot to be restored.
     * @return {Promise} A promise for the action of restoring the system
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSnapshot = function (that, originalSettings) {
        var session = that.restoreSession;
        that.events.onSessionStart.fire("gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSession", "restore");
        session.applier.change("originalSettings", originalSettings);
        var restorePromise = gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSystem(that, session, "restore");

        return fluid.promise.map(restorePromise, function () {
            return { // TODO: The standard response yield is unhelpful, consisting of the returns of any actions in "stop"
                message: "The system's settings were restored from a snapshot",
                payload: originalSettings
            };
        });
    };

    gpii.lifecycleManager.getSolutionRunningStateFromSnapshot = function (solutionSnapshot) {
        // get isRunning entry from snapshot and block to run:
        var isRunningBlock = fluid.makeArray(solutionSnapshot.isRunning || gpii.lifecycleManager.inferActionBlockSteps("isRunning", solutionSnapshot))[0];
        if (isRunningBlock && isRunningBlock.indexOf("launchers.") === 0) {
            var settingsHandlerBlockName = isRunningBlock.substring("launchers.".length);
            var recordedState = fluid.get(solutionSnapshot, ["launchHandlers", settingsHandlerBlockName, "settings", "running"]);
            return recordedState;
        }
    };

    gpii.lifecycleManager.getSolutionRunningState = function (that, solutionId, solutionRecord, session) {
        if (!fluid.isDestroyed(that)) {
            var promise = that.executeActions(solutionId, solutionRecord, session, "isRunning", "isRunning");
            var togo = fluid.promise();
            promise.then(function (val) {
                var isRunning = fluid.get(val, [0, solutionId, 0, "settings", "running"]);
                // TODO: This model field is named very poorly since we update it on logout as well
                session.applier.change(["runningOnLogin", solutionId], isRunning);
                // Create and return a new "response" variable instead of using session.model.runningOnLogin is because
                // session.model.runningOnLogin won't get updated when isRunning === undefined.
                var response = {};
                fluid.set(response, ["runningOnLogin", solutionId], isRunning);
                togo.resolve(response);
            });
            return togo;
        }
    };

    /*
     * The lifecycleManager action queue is used to hold the high-level actions that needs to happen,
     * such as starting the login process, starting logout process, starting the update process.
     * The entries in the action queue are of the format { func: <unresolvedFunctionToCall>, invokerName: <invokerName>, arg: <argument> } where
     * <unresolvedFunctionToCall> is the name of a single-argument function that returns a promise. The promise should be resolved when
     * the function is complete (including side-effects). <InvokerName> is the name of the invoker that was called on the lifecycleManager
     * for triggering this addToActionQueue function.
     * The action queue is run sequentially, and an item is considered "done" once the promise returned by its
     * function is resolved.
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.addToActionQueue = function (that, queue, item) {
        var newItem = fluid.copy(item);
        newItem.promise = fluid.promise();
        queue.push(newItem);
        if (queue.length === 1) {
            that.processActionQueue();
        }
        return newItem.promise;
    };

    gpii.lifecycleManager.clearQueue = function (queue, queueType) {
        while (queue.length > 0) {
            var item = queue.shift();
            item.promise.reject("clearQueue: clearing lifecycleManager promise from the " + queueType + " queue - remaining items: " + queue.length);
        }
    };

    gpii.lifecycleManager.processActionQueue = function (that, queue) {
        // Pick the first item and process. This item will be removed from the queue once the processing completes
        var item = queue[0];
        var func = fluid.makeInvoker(that, {
            func: item.func,
            args: [ item.arg ]
        }, "");
        var promise = func();

        promise.then(function (val) {
            // resolve the original promise of the item;
            item.promise.resolve(val);
            // The processing on the first item completes. Remove it from the queue.
            queue.shift();
            // process next item in action queue if it exists
            if (queue.length > 0) {
                that.processActionQueue(queue);
            }
        }, function (error) {
            // The processing on the first item completes. Remove it from the queue.
            queue.shift();
            fluid.log(fluid.logLevel.FAIL, "An error occurred in an item of the lifecyclemanager's action queue" +
                "(invoker: " + item.invokerName + ", func: " + item.func + "), so clearing action queue. Error was ", error);
            that.events.onClearActionQueue.fire();
            item.promise.reject(error);
        });
    };

    /*
     * Structure of lifecycleManager options:
     * userid: userid,
     * actions: either start or stop configuration from solutions registry
     * settingsHandlers: transformed settings handler blocks
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.processStop = function (that, options) {
        var userSession = that.userSession;
        if (userSession.model.gpiiKey !== options.gpiiKey) {
            var failPromise = fluid.promise();
            failPromise.reject("No session was found when attempting keyout");
            return failPromise;
        }
        var restorePromise = gpii.lifecycleManager.restoreSystem(that, userSession, "stop");

        restorePromise.then(function () {
            that.events.onSessionStop.fire(that, userSession);

            // Clean up and reinitialize session.model in preparation for the the next key in
            userSession.createTime = undefined;
            userSession.localFetcher = undefined;

            var transaction = userSession.applier.initiate("local", "SessionCleanup");
            transaction.fireChangeRequest({
                path: "",
                type: "DELETE"
            });
            transaction.fireChangeRequest({
                path: "",
                type: "ADD",
                value: {
                    gpiiKey: undefined,
                    actionResults: {},
                    originalSettings: {},
                    currentSettings: {},
                    currentPreferences: {}
                }
            });
            transaction.commit();
        });
        return restorePromise;
    };

     /**
      * Read setting values of one or more solutions.
      * @param {Object} that - An instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
      * @param {Object} solutions - Solutions with setting to be read from the system.
      * @return {Promise} A promise whose resolved value is the result of setting values.
      */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.processRead = function (that, solutions) {
        var handlerGetPromises = [];
        fluid.each(solutions, function (solution, solutionID) {
            var newSolution = gpii.lifecycleManager.transformSolutionSettings(solution, gpii.settingsHandlers.changesToSettings);
            fluid.each(newSolution.settingsHandlers, function (handlerSpec) {
                // If supportedSettings is not specified, don't attempt to get settings
                if (!handlerSpec.supportedSettings) {
                    return;
                }
                handlerSpec.settings = handlerSpec.supportedSettings;

                // TODO: The code below is to work around https://issues.gpii.net/browse/GPII-3677.
                // It transforms the paths in capabilitiesTransforms to the schema information needed for
                // executing get() for the settings handler "gpii.windows.spiSettingsHandler".
                if (handlerSpec.type === "gpii.windows.spiSettingsHandler") {
                    fluid.each(handlerSpec.settings, function (handler, handlerKey) {
                        if (handlerSpec.capabilitiesTransformations[handlerKey].path.transform) {
                            handlerSpec.settings[handlerKey].path =
                                handlerSpec.capabilitiesTransformations[handlerKey].path.transform.input;
                        };
                        if (handlerSpec.capabilitiesTransformations[handlerKey].path.literalValue) {
                            handlerSpec.settings[handlerKey].path =
                                handlerSpec.capabilitiesTransformations[handlerKey].path.literalValue;
                        };
                    });
                }
                handlerGetPromises.push(that.invokeSettingsHandlerGet(solutionID, handlerSpec));
            });
        });
        return fluid.promise.sequence(handlerGetPromises);
    };

     /**
      * Apply lifecycle instructions to the local computer.
      * @param {Component} that - A instance of gpii.lifecycleManager.
      * @param {Object} finalPayload - The payload to be applied to the local computer.
      * @return {Promise} A promise with the result of applied solutions.
      */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.processUpdate = function (that, finalPayload) {
        var gpiiKey = finalPayload.gpiiKey,
            lifecycleInstructions = finalPayload.activeConfiguration.lifecycleInstructions;
        var userSession = that.getSession(gpiiKey);
        if (!userSession) { // if user has logged out since the update was added to action queue
            var msg = "User with GPII key " + gpiiKey + " has no active session, so ignoring update request";
            fluid.log(msg);
            return fluid.promise().resolve(msg);
        }
        var currentSettings = userSession.model.currentSettings;

        var promises = [];
        fluid.each(lifecycleInstructions, function (solution, solutionId) {
            var settingChangedForThisSolution = true;
            var settingChanges = fluid.copy(solution);
            var appliedSettingChanges = currentSettings[solutionId];
            if (appliedSettingChanges) {
                var equal = fluid.model.diff(settingChanges.settingsHandlers, appliedSettingChanges.settingsHandlers);
                if (equal) {
                    // no settings changed for this solution
                    settingChangedForThisSolution = false;
                }
            }
            // Re-apply setting changes for this solution only if there are setting(s) being changes, by comparing
            // with setting changes applied before .
            if (settingChangedForThisSolution) {
                promises.push(that.applySolution(solutionId, settingChanges, userSession, [ "update" ], "update"));
            }
        });
        return fluid.promise.sequence(promises);
    };

    gpii.lifecycleManager.processStart = function (that, userSession, finalPayload) {
        var gpiiKey = finalPayload.gpiiKey,
            lifecycleInstructions = finalPayload.activeConfiguration.lifecycleInstructions;

        if (userSession.model.gpiiKey === gpiiKey) {
            var failPromise = fluid.promise();
            failPromise.reject("User already logged in when processing start item in action queue. Aborting");
            return failPromise;
        }
        that.events.onSessionStart.fire("gpii.lifecycleManager.userSession", gpiiKey);
        fluid.set(finalPayload, ["currentPreferences"], gpii.lifecycleManager.getPreferencesForSet(finalPayload.preferences, finalPayload.activePrefsSetName));
        var filteredPayload = fluid.filterKeys(finalPayload, ["gpiiKey", "preferences", "activePrefsSetName", "activeConfiguration", "solutionsRegistryEntries", "matchMakerOutput", "currentPreferences"]);
        userSession.applier.change("", filteredPayload); // TODO: One day after the applier is refactored this will explicitly need to be a "MERGE"
        userSession.createTime = Date.now();
        userSession.localFetcher = gpii.lifecycleManager.computeLocalFetcher(userSession);

        // This "start" action will result in the original settings of the system (i.e. those that
        // were on the system before the user logged in) being stored inside userSession.model.originalSettings.
        // When "stop" is called this payload will be used to restore the settings back to their
        // original state.
        var tasks = [];
        fluid.each(lifecycleInstructions, function (solution, solutionId) {
            tasks.push(function () {
                if (!fluid.isDestroyed(that)) { // See above comment for GPII-580
                    // check the current state of the solution to decide whether we should run the
                    // "update", "start" or "stop" directive
                    return that.getSolutionRunningState(solutionId, solution, userSession);
                }
            });
            tasks.push(function () {
                if (!fluid.isDestroyed(that)) { // See above comment for GPII-580
                    // if solution is already running, call "update" directive - else use "start" directive
                    var isRunning = userSession.model.runningOnLogin[solutionId];
                    var actions = gpii.lifecycleManager.calculateLifecycleActions(isRunning, solution.active);

                    // build structure for returned values (for later reset)
                    return that.applySolution(solutionId, solution, userSession, actions, "start");
                }
            });
        });
        // Note that these promises are only sequenced for their side-effects (the ones on user session state within applySolution and on the system at large
        // via the settings handlers)
        return fluid.promise.sequence(tasks);
    };

    /**
     * Function to add the current name of the preferences set to the full
     * payload output from the matchmaking process.  The current name is given
     * by one of (in priority sequence):
     * 1. a passed in name (newPrefsSetName)
     * 2. the LifecycleManager's session's model (activePrefsSetName)
     * 3. "gpii-default"
     *
     * @param {Component} that - An instance of LifecycleManager component
     * @param {Object} fullPayload - The full structure output from the matchmaking process. NOTE: This object will be modified
     * @param {String} [newPrefsSetName] - [optional] A preferences set name to be selected.
     * @return {Object} The modified fullPayload, now including activePrefsSetName
     */
    gpii.lifecycleManager.updateActivePrefsSetName = function (that, fullPayload, newPrefsSetName) {
        var activeSessionPrefsSetName = that.getSession().model.activePrefsSetName;
        fullPayload.activePrefsSetName = (
            newPrefsSetName ? newPrefsSetName :
            activeSessionPrefsSetName ? activeSessionPrefsSetName : "gpii-default"
        );
        return fullPayload;
    };

    /**
     * On changes to the preferences set:
     * 1) compare the set against the currently logged in user's preferences set
     * 2) if the newly calculated active set of preferences is different from the currently active one,
     *    the LifecycleManager's update functionality will be called and the new prefsSet and
     *    configuration will be stored in the active session of the LifecycleManager.
     *
     * @param {Component} that - The lifecycleManager component holding the current session
     * @param {String} [newPrefsSetName] - The name of the preferences set to switch to.  If missing, this
     *    function does nothing.
     * @return {Promise} If the preferences set change causes an actual change in the system (i.e. change of
     *    activePrefsSet and changes to the applied configuration) a promise of an update to the system
     *    configuration is returned. If the call to prefsSetChanged does not result in a different
     *    active preferences set or no user is logged in, undefined is returned.
     **/
    gpii.lifecycleManager.prefsSetNameChanged = function (that, newPrefsSetName) {
        var activeSession = that.getSession();

        // If no one is logged in, or, a system reserved key is logged in, do nothing
        var activeGpiiKey = activeSession.model.gpiiKey;
        if (!activeGpiiKey || gpii.isReservedGpiiKey(activeGpiiKey)) {
            fluid.log("lifecycleManager: No active GPIIKey, or system reserved GPIIKey: no prefs set change");
            return;
        }
        var fullPayload = fluid.extend(true, {}, activeSession.model);
        var oldPrefsSetName = fullPayload.activePrefsSetName;
        that.updateActivePrefsSetName(fullPayload, newPrefsSetName);
        if (oldPrefsSetName === fullPayload.activePrefsSetName) {
            fluid.log("lifecycleManager: Same preferences set as before (" + newPrefsSetName + "): no prefs set change");
            return;
        }
        // Update the prefs set name immediately so we don't produce a model update from the lifecycleManager with a
        // partially applied set of solutions from the new name, confusing, e.g., the PSPChannel
        // This is required because of https://issues.fluidproject.org/browse/FLUID-6208
        activeSession.applier.change("activePrefsSetName", fullPayload.activePrefsSetName);
        fluid.log("lifecycleManager: Preferences set changed from current \"", oldPrefsSetName, "\" to new active \"" + fullPayload.activePrefsSetName, "\" for the GPII key: ", activeGpiiKey);

        // Clean up the previous tracked preferences
        activeSession.applier.change("currentPreferences", null, "DELETE");

        // Delete the old currentSettings as the new structure will be updated directly onto activeSession.model
        // by lifecycleManager.update() called just after.
        delete fullPayload.currentSettings;

        that.addLifecycleInstructionsToPayload(fullPayload);
        var response = that.update(fullPayload);

        response.then(function () {
            fluid.set(fullPayload, ["currentPreferences"], gpii.lifecycleManager.getPreferencesForSet(fullPayload.preferences, fullPayload.activePrefsSetName));
            // LifecycleInstructions is only used in the "finalPayload" as
            // instructions on how to configure the system. Once configured, the
            // applied settings are stored in 'activeConfiguration'
            activeSession.applier.change("", fullPayload); // TODO: this will need to be a "MERGE" in time
            fluid.log("lifecycleManager: Successfully updated configuration triggered by prefsSet changes");
        }, function () {
            fluid.log(fluid.logLevel.FAIL, "lifecycleManager: Failed to apply newly preferences set: ", fullPayload.activePrefsSetName);
        });
        return response;
    };

    gpii.lifecycleManager.logSnapshotUpdate = function (lifecycleManager, session, originalSettings) {
        fluid.log("Settings for session " + session.id + " created at " + session.createTime + " updated to ", originalSettings);
    };
})();