diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 9c4b8eb..329a43d 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -40,5 +40,8 @@
   "bugs": {
     "url": "https://github.com/source-academy/plugins/issues"
   },
-  "homepage": "https://github.com/source-academy/plugins#readme"
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/source-academy/plugins#readme",
+  "resolutions": {
+    "@sourceacademy/conductor": "^0.5.0"
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/test/tsconfig.json b/src/common/test/tsconfig.json
index c7482f9..2c2e7cc 100644
--- a/src/common/test/tsconfig.json
+++ b/src/common/test/tsconfig.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "extends": "../../tsconfig.json",
   "exclude": ["./dist"],
-  "include": ["./src"],
+  "include": ["./src", "../../runner/test/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts"],
   "compilerOptions": {
     "declaration": true,
     "outDir": "./dist",
diff --git a/src/runner/cse-machine/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts b/src/runner/cse-machine/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 29e9ab6..0000000
--- a/src/runner/cse-machine/src/__tests__/runner.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, test, expect, vi } from "vitest";
-import { CseMachinePlugin } from "..";
-import {
-  CSE_CHANNEL,
-  CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
-  RUNNER_ID,
-  type CseSnapshot,
-} from "@sourceacademy/common-cse-machine";
-import type { IChannel, IConduit } from "@sourceacademy/conductor/conduit";
-
-// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
-const makeChannel = () => {
-  const send = vi.fn();
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
-  return { send } as unknown as IChannel<any> & { send: typeof send };
-};
-const makePlugin = (ch = makeChannel()) => new CseMachinePlugin({} as IConduit, [ch]);
-
-const minimalSnapshot = (): CseSnapshot => ({
-  stepIndex: 0,
-  control: [],
-  stash: [],
-  environments: [{ id: "g", name: "global", parentId: null, bindings: [], isActive: true }],
-});
-
-// ── Identity / wiring ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-describe("plugin identity", () => {
-  test("id is RUNNER_ID", () => {
-    expect(makePlugin().id).toBe(RUNNER_ID);
-  });
-
-  test("channelAttach declares the CSE channel", () => {
-    expect(CseMachinePlugin.channelAttach).toEqual([CSE_CHANNEL]);
-  });
-
-  test("channelAttach contains exactly one channel", () => {
-    expect(CseMachinePlugin.channelAttach).toHaveLength(1);
-  });
-});
-
-// ── Constructor ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-describe("constructor", () => {
-  test("throws when no channel is provided", () => {
-    expect(() => new CseMachinePlugin({} as IConduit, [])).toThrow(
-      "CSE channel is required but was not provided.",
-    );
-  });
-
-  test("does not throw when a channel is provided", () => {
-    expect(() => makePlugin()).not.toThrow();
-  });
-});
-
-// ── sendSnapshots ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-describe("sendSnapshots", () => {
-  test("sends a message with the correct type discriminator", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    plugin.sendSnapshots([minimalSnapshot()]);
-    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0].type).toBe(CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS);
-  });
-
-  test("sends snapshots unchanged", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    const snapshots = [minimalSnapshot()];
-    plugin.sendSnapshots(snapshots);
-    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0].snapshots).toEqual(snapshots);
-  });
-
-  test("sets totalSteps to the length of the snapshots array", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    const snapshots = [minimalSnapshot(), { ...minimalSnapshot(), stepIndex: 1 }];
-    plugin.sendSnapshots(snapshots);
-    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0].totalSteps).toBe(2);
-  });
-
-  test("calls channel.send exactly once per sendSnapshots call", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    plugin.sendSnapshots([minimalSnapshot()]);
-    expect(channel.send).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-  });
-
-  test("can be called multiple times, sending once each time", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    plugin.sendSnapshots([minimalSnapshot()]);
-    plugin.sendSnapshots([minimalSnapshot()]);
-    expect(channel.send).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
-  });
-
-  test("handles an empty snapshots array", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    plugin.sendSnapshots([]);
-    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0]).toEqual({
-      type: CSE_MESSAGE_TYPE_SNAPSHOTS,
-      snapshots: [],
-      totalSteps: 0,
-    });
-  });
-
-  test("handles a large batch of snapshots", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    const snapshots = Array.from({ length: 50 }, (_, i) => ({
-      ...minimalSnapshot(),
-      stepIndex: i,
-    }));
-    plugin.sendSnapshots(snapshots);
-    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0].totalSteps).toBe(50);
-  });
-
-  test("preserves snapshot fields including currentLine and metadata", () => {
-    const channel = makeChannel();
-    const plugin = makePlugin(channel);
-    const snap: CseSnapshot = {
-      stepIndex: 3,
-      control: [{ displayText: "call f", metadata: { instrType: "Application" } }],
-      stash: [{ displayValue: "42", label: "number" }],
-      environments: [{ id: "g", name: "global", parentId: null, bindings: [], isActive: true }],
-      currentLine: 7,
-    };
-    plugin.sendSnapshots([snap]);
-    expect(channel.send.mock.calls[0][0].snapshots[0]).toEqual(snap);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/src/runner/remoteExecution/index.ts b/src/runner/remoteExecution/index.ts
index b57bc7e..8fad08d 100644
--- a/src/runner/remoteExecution/index.ts
+++ b/src/runner/remoteExecution/index.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,2 @@
-import { CHANNEL_ID, RUNNER_ID, type PySlangMessage } from "@sourceacademy/common-test";
-import type { IPlugin, IChannel, IConduit } from "@sourceacademy/conductor/conduit";
-import { EV3Engine } from "py-slang/src/engines/ev3/EV3Engine";
-
-export class remoteRunnerPlugin implements IPlugin {
-  readonly id: string = RUNNER_ID;
-  static readonly channelAttach = [CHANNEL_ID];
-  private readonly __channel: IChannel<PySlangMessage>;
-  private readonly engine: EV3Engine;
-
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
-  constructor(_conduit: IConduit, [channel]: IChannel<any>[]) {
-    this.__channel = channel;
-    this.engine = new EV3Engine();
-
-    this.__channel.subscribe(async message => {
-      if (message.type === "run") {
-        const result = await this.engine.execute(message.code);
-        console.log("Engine response:", result);
-        this.__channel.send({ type: "result", output: JSON.stringify(result) });
-      }
-    });
-  }
-}
+export { RemoteExecutionPlugin } from "./src";
+export type { ConnectionStatus, ConnectionStatusMessage } from "./src";
diff --git a/src/runner/remoteExecution/package.json b/src/runner/remoteExecution/package.json
index 4cabf6a..ac9c414 100644
--- a/src/runner/remoteExecution/package.json
+++ b/src/runner/remoteExecution/package.json
@@ -22,20 +22,20 @@
     "build": "rollup -c",
     "prepack": "yarn build"
   },
-  "dependencies": {
-    "py-slang": "github:proto-aiken-13/py-slang#branch-ev3-engine"
-  },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@sourceacademy/conductor": ">=0.3.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "^29.0.3",
     "@rollup/plugin-node-resolve": "^16.0.3",
     "@rollup/plugin-terser": "^1.0.0",
     "@rollup/plugin-typescript": "^12.3.0",
     "@sourceacademy/common-test": "workspace:*",
     "@sourceacademy/conductor": ">=0.3.0",
     "@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "^4.1.9",
-    "rollup": "^4.60.2",
+    "esbuild": "^0.28.1",
+    "rollup": "^4.62.2",
+    "rollup-plugin-esbuild": "^6.2.1",
     "tslib": "^2.8.1",
     "typescript": "^6.0.3",
     "vitest": "^4.1.9"
diff --git a/src/runner/remoteExecution/rollup.config.mjs b/src/runner/remoteExecution/rollup.config.mjs
index 75b8ba5..85ef413 100644
--- a/src/runner/remoteExecution/rollup.config.mjs
+++ b/src/runner/remoteExecution/rollup.config.mjs
@@ -2,21 +2,13 @@ import nodeResolve from "@rollup/plugin-node-resolve";
 import terser from "@rollup/plugin-terser";
 import typescript from "@rollup/plugin-typescript";
 
-/**
- * @type {import('rollup').RollupOptions}
- */
-export default {
-  input: "src/index.ts",
-  external: id => id.includes("py-slang"),
-  output: [
-    {
-      file: "dist/index.cjs",
-      format: "cjs",
-    },
-    {
-      file: "dist/index.mjs",
-      format: "esm",
-    },
-  ],
-  plugins: [nodeResolve(), typescript(), terser()],
-};
+export default [
+  {
+    input: "src/index.ts",
+    output: [
+      { file: "dist/index.cjs", format: "cjs" },
+      { file: "dist/index.mjs", format: "esm" },
+    ],
+    plugins: [nodeResolve(), typescript(), terser()],
+  },
+];
diff --git a/src/runner/remoteExecution/src/index.ts b/src/runner/remoteExecution/src/index.ts
index e337998..0ebd35c 100644
--- a/src/runner/remoteExecution/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/runner/remoteExecution/src/index.ts
@@ -1 +1,25 @@
-export { remoteRunnerPlugin } from "../index";
+import {
+  CHANNEL_ID,
+  RUNNER_ID,
+  MESSAGE_TYPE_CONNECTION_STATUS,
+  type ConnectionStatusMessage,
+  type ConnectionStatus,
+} from "@sourceacademy/common-remote-execution";
+import type { IPlugin, IChannel, IConduit } from "@sourceacademy/conductor/conduit";
+
+export class RemoteExecutionPlugin implements IPlugin {
+  readonly id: string = RUNNER_ID;
+  static readonly channelAttach = [CHANNEL_ID];
+  private readonly __channel: IChannel<ConnectionStatusMessage>;
+
+  constructor(_conduit: IConduit, [channel]: IChannel<any>[]) {
+    if (!channel) {
+      throw new Error("Remote execution channel is required but was not provided.");
+    }
+    this.__channel = channel;
+  }
+
+  sendConnectionStatus(status: ConnectionStatus): void {
+    this.__channel.send({ type: MESSAGE_TYPE_CONNECTION_STATUS, status });
+  }
+}
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 3613194..4a670ce 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1753,6 +1753,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=android & cpu=arm
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1760,6 +1767,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-android-arm64@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=android & cpu=arm64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1767,6 +1781,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=darwin & cpu=arm64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1774,6 +1795,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=darwin & cpu=x64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1781,6 +1809,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=freebsd & cpu=arm64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1788,6 +1823,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=freebsd & cpu=x64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1795,6 +1837,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=arm & libc=glibc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1802,6 +1851,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=arm & libc=musl
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1809,6 +1865,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=arm64 & libc=glibc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1816,6 +1879,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=arm64 & libc=musl
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1823,6 +1893,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=loong64 & libc=glibc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1830,6 +1907,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=loong64 & libc=musl
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1837,6 +1921,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=ppc64 & libc=glibc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1844,6 +1935,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=ppc64 & libc=musl
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1851,6 +1949,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=riscv64 & libc=glibc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1858,6 +1963,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=riscv64 & libc=musl
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1865,6 +1977,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=s390x & libc=glibc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1872,6 +1991,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=x64 & libc=glibc
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1879,6 +2005,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=linux & cpu=x64 & libc=musl
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1886,6 +2019,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=openbsd & cpu=x64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1893,6 +2033,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=openharmony & cpu=arm64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1900,6 +2047,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=win32 & cpu=arm64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1907,6 +2061,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=win32 & cpu=ia32
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1914,6 +2075,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=win32 & cpu=x64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc@npm:4.60.4":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -1921,6 +2089,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc@npm:4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc@npm:4.62.2"
+  conditions: os=win32 & cpu=x64
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "@sinclair/typebox@npm:^0.34.0":
   version: 0.34.49
   resolution: "@sinclair/typebox@npm:0.34.49"
@@ -2009,13 +2184,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
-"@sourceacademy/conductor@npm:>=0.3.0, @sourceacademy/conductor@npm:^0.3.0":
-  version: 0.3.0
-  resolution: "@sourceacademy/conductor@npm:0.3.0"
-  checksum: 10c0/e6d50cc0b9188fa5ec54c3bb2e6b9a0f9391ba37449e74a326c89c4e14deb00c4882700062427737e6f6fca556fd95d91fa9d7f6e125fe1d43938a65cc3c0c4d
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@sourceacademy/conductor@npm:^0.5.0":
   version: 0.5.0
   resolution: "@sourceacademy/conductor@npm:0.5.0"
@@ -2054,14 +2222,16 @@ __metadata:
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "@sourceacademy/runner-remote-execution@workspace:src/runner/remoteExecution"
   dependencies:
+    "@rollup/plugin-commonjs": "npm:^29.0.3"
     "@rollup/plugin-node-resolve": "npm:^16.0.3"
     "@rollup/plugin-terser": "npm:^1.0.0"
     "@rollup/plugin-typescript": "npm:^12.3.0"
     "@sourceacademy/common-test": "workspace:*"
     "@sourceacademy/conductor": "npm:>=0.3.0"
     "@vitest/coverage-istanbul": "npm:^4.1.9"
-    py-slang: "github:proto-aiken-13/py-slang#branch-ev3-engine"
-    rollup: "npm:^4.60.2"
+    esbuild: "npm:^0.28.1"
+    rollup: "npm:^4.62.2"
+    rollup-plugin-esbuild: "npm:^6.2.1"
     tslib: "npm:^2.8.1"
     typescript: "npm:^6.0.3"
     vitest: "npm:^4.1.9"
@@ -2271,7 +2441,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@types/estree@npm:*, @types/estree@npm:^1.0.0, @types/estree@npm:^1.0.6, @types/estree@npm:^1.0.8":
+"@types/estree@npm:*, @types/estree@npm:1.0.9, @types/estree@npm:^1.0.0, @types/estree@npm:^1.0.6, @types/estree@npm:^1.0.8":
   version: 1.0.9
   resolution: "@types/estree@npm:1.0.9"
   checksum: 10c0/3ad3286ca2988cd550dafb8f2ad599c8474868e954fa601a36655bdfefd8039f7c714b8c1c7f2ae219ffbd58bd4660e66fa7479a0120fc02d4777057d4865387
@@ -3348,7 +3518,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"debug@npm:^4.1.0, debug@npm:^4.1.1, debug@npm:^4.3.1, debug@npm:^4.3.2, debug@npm:^4.4.3":
+"debug@npm:^4.1.0, debug@npm:^4.1.1, debug@npm:^4.3.1, debug@npm:^4.3.2, debug@npm:^4.4.0, debug@npm:^4.4.3":
   version: 4.4.3
   resolution: "debug@npm:4.4.3"
   dependencies:
@@ -3518,6 +3688,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"es-module-lexer@npm:^1.6.0":
+  version: 1.7.0
+  resolution: "es-module-lexer@npm:1.7.0"
+  checksum: 10c0/4c935affcbfeba7fb4533e1da10fa8568043df1e3574b869385980de9e2d475ddc36769891936dbb07036edb3c3786a8b78ccf44964cd130dedc1f2c984b6c7b
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "es-module-lexer@npm:^2.0.0":
   version: 2.1.0
   resolution: "es-module-lexer@npm:2.1.0"
@@ -3525,7 +3702,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"esbuild@npm:~0.28.0":
+"esbuild@npm:^0.28.1, esbuild@npm:~0.28.0":
   version: 0.28.1
   resolution: "esbuild@npm:0.28.1"
   dependencies:
@@ -4087,6 +4264,15 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"get-tsconfig@npm:^4.10.0":
+  version: 4.14.0
+  resolution: "get-tsconfig@npm:4.14.0"
+  dependencies:
+    resolve-pkg-maps: "npm:^1.0.0"
+  checksum: 10c0/abc2b9275468eb589079a0b7a95eb5107c14fdd0ca6dda1bff116fe774ea1f79975421dcb22a0c86b4f820fcc69a7655dddf9b6d6a8a2c06fcb59e19794c0724
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "glob-parent@npm:^5.1.2":
   version: 5.1.2
   resolution: "glob-parent@npm:5.1.2"
@@ -6022,6 +6208,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"resolve-pkg-maps@npm:^1.0.0":
+  version: 1.0.0
+  resolution: "resolve-pkg-maps@npm:1.0.0"
+  checksum: 10c0/fb8f7bbe2ca281a73b7ef423a1cbc786fb244bd7a95cbe5c3fba25b27d327150beca8ba02f622baea65919a57e061eb5005204daa5f93ed590d9b77463a567ab
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "resolve@npm:^1.22.1":
   version: 1.22.12
   resolution: "resolve@npm:1.22.12"
@@ -6122,6 +6315,21 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"rollup-plugin-esbuild@npm:^6.2.1":
+  version: 6.2.1
+  resolution: "rollup-plugin-esbuild@npm:6.2.1"
+  dependencies:
+    debug: "npm:^4.4.0"
+    es-module-lexer: "npm:^1.6.0"
+    get-tsconfig: "npm:^4.10.0"
+    unplugin-utils: "npm:^0.2.4"
+  peerDependencies:
+    esbuild: ">=0.18.0"
+    rollup: ^1.20.0 || ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0 || ^4.0.0
+  checksum: 10c0/cbde8deb1926756b02ba6d5c4b400a54e8a7636669fb74f4350138091a31d58df8423cf7b2b16315a5118476d3789aca2942eab37c66adfeb7ec209bb61566cf
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "rollup@npm:^4.60.2":
   version: 4.60.4
   resolution: "rollup@npm:4.60.4"
@@ -6212,6 +6420,96 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"rollup@npm:^4.62.2":
+  version: 4.62.2
+  resolution: "rollup@npm:4.62.2"
+  dependencies:
+    "@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "npm:4.62.2"
+    "@types/estree": "npm:1.0.9"
+    fsevents: "npm:~2.3.2"
+  dependenciesMeta:
+    "@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu":
+      optional: true
+    "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc":
+      optional: true
+    fsevents:
+      optional: true
+  bin:
+    rollup: dist/bin/rollup
+  checksum: 10c0/83ff5f4a1fea3fa05db2ef56beceee8c33d4a72b818e19c562f1e85c41076fe5b12aadc44048bb73e60b83336df82154b017fa6bf0186f3141643e6f215fbdcb
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "run-parallel@npm:^1.1.9":
   version: 1.2.0
   resolution: "run-parallel@npm:1.2.0"
@@ -6827,6 +7125,16 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
+"unplugin-utils@npm:^0.2.4":
+  version: 0.2.5
+  resolution: "unplugin-utils@npm:0.2.5"
+  dependencies:
+    pathe: "npm:^2.0.3"
+    picomatch: "npm:^4.0.3"
+  checksum: 10c0/51541892216a0505210866f956228ffe8c64792b0f7397d919e68aece7ac18cc4bed9cceaf0b59f777183701e4b1f2d95776b18e7d4a75ac64e2cfa4737bd9e5
+  languageName: node
+  linkType: hard
+
 "unrs-resolver@npm:^1.7.11":
   version: 1.12.2
   resolution: "unrs-resolver@npm:1.12.2"