Recent studies of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) microvascular proliferation (MVP) suggest that pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), not just endothelial cells (EC), play a major role. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed two distinct cell types—EC and pericytes/VSMC—with no transitional forms. Pericytes/VSMC were found to contribute extensively to MVP, particularly in early stages of tumor capillary formation, highlighting their essential role in GBM angiogenesis.
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