diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt
index ea7a33ee28f8e2..691814b5379f51 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/Gemfile.tt
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 gemspec
 
 gem "irb"
-gem "rake", "~> 13.0"
+gem "rake", ">= 13.0"
 <%- if config[:ext] -%>
 
 gem "rake-compiler"
 <%- end -%>
 <%- if config[:test] -%>
 
-gem "<%= config[:test] %>", "~> <%= config[:test_framework_version] %>"
+gem "<%= config[:test] %>", ">= <%= config[:test_framework_version] %>"
 <%- end -%>
 <%- if config[:linter] == "rubocop" -%>
 
-gem "rubocop", "~> <%= config[:linter_version] %>"
+gem "rubocop", ">= <%= config[:linter_version] %>"
 <%- elsif config[:linter] == "standard" -%>
 
-gem "standard", "~> <%= config[:linter_version] %>"
+gem "standard", ">= <%= config[:linter_version] %>"
 <%- end -%>
diff --git a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt
index 7d0fc565e21cd8..2729530e8d9748 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt
+++ b/lib/bundler/templates/newgem/newgem.gemspec.tt
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 <%- end -%>
 
   # Uncomment to register a new dependency of your gem
-  # spec.add_dependency "example-gem", "~> 1.0"
+  # spec.add_dependency "example-gem", ">= 1.0"
 <%- if config[:ext] == 'rust' -%>
-  spec.add_dependency "rb_sys", "~> 0.9.127"
+  spec.add_dependency "rb_sys", ">= 0.9.127"
 <%- end -%>
 <%- if config[:ext] == 'go' -%>
-  spec.add_dependency "go_gem", "~> 0.2"
+  spec.add_dependency "go_gem", ">= 0.2"
 <%- end -%>
 
   # For more information and examples about making a new gem, check out our
diff --git a/pack.c b/pack.c
index 94bb510e0db182..24221bc3d6429c 100644
--- a/pack.c
+++ b/pack.c
@@ -1024,9 +1024,10 @@ pack_unpack_internal(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, enum unpack_mode mode, long offset)
     StringValue(fmt);
     rb_must_asciicompat(fmt);
 
-    if (offset < 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset can't be negative");
     len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-    if (offset > len) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset outside of string");
+    if (offset < 0 ? (offset += len) < 0 : offset > len) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "offset outside of string");
+    }
 
     s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
     send = s + len;
diff --git a/rational.c b/rational.c
index 329a06845ac254..d6214451b483db 100644
--- a/rational.c
+++ b/rational.c
@@ -2304,6 +2304,12 @@ islettere(int c)
     return (c == 'e' || c == 'E');
 }
 
+inline static int
+isletterr(int c)
+{
+    return (c == 'r' || c == 'R');
+}
+
 static VALUE
 negate_num(VALUE num)
 {
@@ -2353,7 +2359,13 @@ read_num(const char **s, const char *const end, VALUE *num, VALUE *nexp)
         ok = 1;
     }
 
-    if (ok && *s + 1 < end && islettere(**s)) {
+    if (!ok || *s >= end) {
+        /* failed or finish */
+    }
+    else if (isletterr(**s)) {
+        (*s)++;
+    }
+    else if (*s + 1 < end && islettere(**s)) {
         (*s)++;
         expsign = read_sign(s, end);
         exp = rb_int_parse_cstr(*s, end-*s, &e, NULL,
diff --git a/spec/bundler/commands/newgem_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/commands/newgem_spec.rb
index f00aa276c463d2..3024a2486f79de 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/commands/newgem_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/commands/newgem_spec.rb
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ def create_temporary_dir(dir)
       builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
       builder.dependencies
       rspec_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "rspec" }
-      expect(rspec_dep).to be_specific
+      expect(rspec_dep).not_to be_specific
     end
   end
 
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ def create_temporary_dir(dir)
       builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
       builder.dependencies
       minitest_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "minitest" }
-      expect(minitest_dep).to be_specific
+      expect(minitest_dep).not_to be_specific
     end
 
     it "builds spec skeleton" do
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ def create_temporary_dir(dir)
       builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
       builder.dependencies
       test_unit_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "test-unit" }
-      expect(test_unit_dep).to be_specific
+      expect(test_unit_dep).not_to be_specific
     end
 
     it "builds spec skeleton" do
@@ -1829,7 +1829,7 @@ def setup_rust_env
       end
 
       it "includes go_gem in gem_name.gemspec" do
-        expect(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/#{gem_name}.gemspec").read).to include('spec.add_dependency "go_gem", "~> 0.2"')
+        expect(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/#{gem_name}.gemspec").read).to include('spec.add_dependency "go_gem", ">= 0.2"')
       end
 
       it "includes go_gem extension in extconf.rb" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack1_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack1_spec.rb
index 3b0fa90900abcf..ee10042eb8f43b 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack1_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack1_spec.rb
@@ -20,8 +20,22 @@
     "؈".unpack1("C", offset: 1).should == 136
   end
 
-  it "raises an ArgumentError when the offset is negative" do
-    -> { "a".unpack1("C", offset: -1) }.should.raise(ArgumentError, "offset can't be negative")
+  describe "when the offset is negative" do
+    ruby_version_is "4.1" do
+      it "starts unpacking from the end" do
+        "abc".unpack1("C", offset: -2).should == 98
+      end
+
+      it "raises an ArgumentError if it is less than -length" do
+        -> { "a".unpack1("C", offset: -2) }.should.raise(ArgumentError, "offset outside of string")
+      end
+    end
+
+    ruby_version_is ""..."4.1" do
+      it "raises an ArgumentError" do
+        -> { "a".unpack1("C", offset: -1) }.should.raise(ArgumentError, "offset can't be negative")
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   it "returns nil if the offset is at the end of the string" do
diff --git a/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack_spec.rb b/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack_spec.rb
index 28dbbc14c411c6..eb4710ce140232 100644
--- a/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/ruby/core/string/unpack_spec.rb
@@ -18,8 +18,22 @@
     "؈".unpack("CC", offset: 1).should == [136, nil]
   end
 
-  it "raises an ArgumentError when the offset is negative" do
-    -> { "a".unpack("C", offset: -1) }.should.raise(ArgumentError, "offset can't be negative")
+  describe "when the offset is negative" do
+    ruby_version_is "4.1" do
+      it "starts unpacking from the end" do
+        "abc".unpack("CC", offset: -2).should == [98, 99]
+      end
+
+      it "raises an ArgumentError if it is less than -length" do
+        -> { "a".unpack("C", offset: -2) }.should.raise(ArgumentError, "offset outside of string")
+      end
+    end
+
+    ruby_version_is ""..."4.1" do
+      it "raises an ArgumentError" do
+        -> { "a".unpack("C", offset: -1) }.should.raise(ArgumentError, "offset can't be negative")
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   it "returns nil if the offset is at the end of the string" do
diff --git a/test/ruby/test_pack.rb b/test/ruby/test_pack.rb
index 3020e02761574a..6e5f0fe7ff948f 100644
--- a/test/ruby/test_pack.rb
+++ b/test/ruby/test_pack.rb
@@ -913,27 +913,29 @@ def test_unpack1
 
   def test_unpack1_offset
     assert_equal 65, "ZA".unpack1("C", offset: 1)
+    assert_equal 65, "ZA".unpack1("C", offset: -1)
     assert_equal "01000001", "YZA".unpack1("B*", offset: 2)
     assert_nil "abc".unpack1("C", offset: 3)
-    assert_raise_with_message(ArgumentError, /offset can't be negative/) {
-      "a".unpack1("C", offset: -1)
-    }
     assert_raise_with_message(ArgumentError, /offset outside of string/) {
       "a".unpack1("C", offset: 2)
     }
+    assert_raise_with_message(ArgumentError, /offset outside of string/) {
+      "a".unpack1("C", offset: -2)
+    }
     assert_nil "a".unpack1("C", offset: 1)
   end
 
   def test_unpack_offset
     assert_equal [65], "ZA".unpack("C", offset: 1)
+    assert_equal [65], "ZA".unpack("C", offset: -1)
     assert_equal ["01000001"], "YZA".unpack("B*", offset: 2)
     assert_equal [nil, nil, nil], "abc".unpack("CCC", offset: 3)
-    assert_raise_with_message(ArgumentError, /offset can't be negative/) {
-      "a".unpack("C", offset: -1)
-    }
     assert_raise_with_message(ArgumentError, /offset outside of string/) {
       "a".unpack("C", offset: 2)
     }
+    assert_raise_with_message(ArgumentError, /offset outside of string/) {
+      "a".unpack("C", offset: -2)
+    }
     assert_equal [nil], "a".unpack("C", offset: 1)
   end
 
diff --git a/test/ruby/test_rational.rb b/test/ruby/test_rational.rb
index e0edbde4637c44..a02e11acc5b636 100644
--- a/test/ruby/test_rational.rb
+++ b/test/ruby/test_rational.rb
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def test_freeze
     assert_instance_of(String, c.to_s)
   end
 
-  def test_conv
+  def test_conv_integer
     c = Rational(0,1)
     assert_equal(Rational(0,1), c)
 
@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ def test_conv
     c = Rational(Rational(1,2),Rational(1,2))
     assert_equal(Rational(1), c)
 
+    assert_equal(Rational(3),Rational(3))
+    assert_equal(Rational(1),Rational(3,3))
+  end
+
+  def test_conv_complex
     c = Rational(Complex(1,2),2)
     assert_equal(Complex(Rational(1,2),1), c)
 
@@ -102,11 +107,21 @@ def test_conv
 
     c = Rational(Complex(1,2),Complex(1,2))
     assert_equal(Rational(1), c)
+  end
 
-    assert_equal(Rational(3),Rational(3))
-    assert_equal(Rational(1),Rational(3,3))
+  def test_conv_float
     assert_equal(3.3.to_r,Rational(3.3))
     assert_equal(1,Rational(3.3,3.3))
+
+    if (0.0/0).nan?
+      assert_raise(FloatDomainError){Rational(0.0/0)}
+    end
+    if (1.0/0).infinite?
+      assert_raise(FloatDomainError){Rational(1.0/0)}
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_conv_string
     assert_equal(Rational(3),Rational('3'))
     assert_equal(Rational(1),Rational('3.0','3.0'))
     assert_equal(Rational(1),Rational('3/3','3/3'))
@@ -115,6 +130,10 @@ def test_conv
     assert_equal(Rational(111, 10), Rational('1.11e1'))
     assert_equal(Rational(111, 100), Rational('1.11e0'))
     assert_equal(Rational(111, 1000), Rational('1.11e-1'))
+    assert_equal(Rational(5, 4), Rational('3.0r','2.4R'))
+  end
+
+  def test_conv_error
     assert_raise(TypeError){Rational(nil)}
     assert_raise(ArgumentError){Rational('')}
 
@@ -131,7 +150,9 @@ def test_conv
     assert_raise(TypeError){Rational(Object.new)}
     assert_raise(TypeError){Rational(Object.new, Object.new)}
     assert_raise(TypeError){Rational(1, Object.new)}
+  end
 
+  def test_conv_coerce
     bug12485 = '[ruby-core:75995] [Bug #12485]'
     o = Object.new
     def o.to_int; 1; end
@@ -163,13 +184,6 @@ def o.to_r; raise; end
     assert_raise(ArgumentError){Rational()}
     assert_raise(ArgumentError){Rational(1,2,3)}
 
-    if (0.0/0).nan?
-      assert_raise(FloatDomainError){Rational(0.0/0)}
-    end
-    if (1.0/0).infinite?
-      assert_raise(FloatDomainError){Rational(1.0/0)}
-    end
-
     bug16518 = "[ruby-core:96942] [Bug #16518]"
     cls = Class.new(Numeric) do
       def /(y); 42; end
@@ -829,6 +843,10 @@ def test_parse
     ng[5, 3, '5/3x']
 
     ng[5, 1, '5/-3']
+
+    ok[30, 24, '3.0r/2.4R']
+    ng[30, 24, '3.0r/2.4re1']
+    ng[30, 240, '3.0r/2.4e1r']
   end
 
   def test_parse_zero_denominator