diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index 507bb1fd4..5b9918dd7 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
 * text=auto
 
+# Treat PDF files as binary to prevent CRLF conversion on Windows
+*.pdf binary
+
 /.editorconfig export-ignore
 /.gitattributes export-ignore
 /.gitignore export-ignore
diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequest794.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequest794.pdf
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diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequest807-pdfjs-xref-missing-keyword.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequest807-pdfjs-xref-missing-keyword.pdf
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index 000000000..c9a5e039d
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diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequest807-pdfjs-xref-startxref-misaligned.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequest807-pdfjs-xref-startxref-misaligned.pdf
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diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequestDuplicateKids.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequestDuplicateKids.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69a85cc5
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diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequestInvalidObjectReference.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequestInvalidObjectReference.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d15f2474
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diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequestNearbyObjectHeaderOffset.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequestNearbyObjectHeaderOffset.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..950fb8f57
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diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequestStartxrefWhitespaceXrefStream.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequestStartxrefWhitespaceXrefStream.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d15f2474
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diff --git a/samples/bugs/PullRequestXrefSubsectionMultipleSpaces.pdf b/samples/bugs/PullRequestXrefSubsectionMultipleSpaces.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..508c19747
Binary files /dev/null and b/samples/bugs/PullRequestXrefSubsectionMultipleSpaces.pdf differ
diff --git a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Document.php b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Document.php
index 1fad8b1ba..bcd1716bd 100644
--- a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Document.php
+++ b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Document.php
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public function getPages()
             /** @var Pages $object */
             $object = $catalogue->get('Pages');
             if (method_exists($object, 'getPages')) {
-                return $object->getPages(true);
+                return $this->uniquePages($object->getPages(true));
             }
         }
 
@@ -415,19 +415,48 @@ public function getPages()
                 $pages = array_merge($pages, $object->getPages(true));
             }
 
-            return $pages;
+            return $this->uniquePages($pages);
         }
 
         if ($this->hasObjectsByType('Page')) {
             // Search for 'page' (unordered pages).
             $pages = $this->getObjectsByType('Page');
 
-            return array_values($pages);
+            return $this->uniquePages(array_values($pages));
         }
 
         throw new MissingCatalogException('Missing catalog.');
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<Page> $pages
+     *
+     * @return array<Page>
+     */
+    protected function uniquePages(array $pages): array
+    {
+        $unique = [];
+        $seen = [];
+
+        foreach ($pages as $page) {
+            if (!\is_object($page)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $id = \function_exists('spl_object_id')
+                ? (string) \spl_object_id($page)
+                : \spl_object_hash($page);
+            if (isset($seen[$id])) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $seen[$id] = true;
+            $unique[] = $page;
+        }
+
+        return $unique;
+    }
+
     public function getText(?int $pageLimit = null): string
     {
         $texts = [];
diff --git a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Pages.php b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Pages.php
index f95134b1b..9fc0cde4b 100644
--- a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Pages.php
+++ b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Pages.php
@@ -63,6 +63,30 @@ public function getPages(bool $deep = false): array
             return $kidsElement->getContent();
         }
 
+        $visited = [];
+        $pages = $this->collectPages($visited);
+
+        return $this->recoverByDeclaredCount($pages);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param array<string, bool> $visited
+     *
+     * @return array<Page>
+     */
+    protected function collectPages(array &$visited): array
+    {
+        $nodeId = \function_exists('spl_object_id')
+            ? (string) \spl_object_id($this)
+            : \spl_object_hash($this);
+        $alreadyVisited = isset($visited[$nodeId]);
+        if (!$alreadyVisited) {
+            $visited[$nodeId] = true;
+        }
+
+        /** @var ElementArray $kidsElement */
+        $kidsElement = $this->get('Kids');
+
         // Prepare to apply the Pages' object's fonts to each page
         if (false === \is_array($this->fonts)) {
             $this->setupFonts();
@@ -74,7 +98,9 @@ public function getPages(bool $deep = false): array
 
         foreach ($kids as $kid) {
             if ($kid instanceof self) {
-                $pages = array_merge($pages, $kid->getPages(true));
+                if (!$alreadyVisited) {
+                    $pages = array_merge($pages, $kid->collectPages($visited));
+                }
             } elseif ($kid instanceof Page) {
                 if ($fontsAvailable) {
                     $kid->setFonts($this->fonts);
@@ -86,6 +112,41 @@ public function getPages(bool $deep = false): array
         return $pages;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @param array<Page> $pages
+     *
+     * @return array<Page>
+     */
+    protected function recoverByDeclaredCount(array $pages): array
+    {
+        if (!$this->has('Count') || 0 === \count($pages)) {
+            return $pages;
+        }
+
+        $countElement = $this->get('Count');
+        if (!\is_object($countElement) || !method_exists($countElement, 'getContent')) {
+            return $pages;
+        }
+
+        $declaredCount = (int) $countElement->getContent();
+        $actualCount = \count($pages);
+
+        if ($declaredCount <= $actualCount) {
+            return $pages;
+        }
+
+        if (($declaredCount - $actualCount) > 10) {
+            return $pages;
+        }
+
+        $lastPage = $pages[$actualCount - 1];
+        while (\count($pages) < $declaredCount) {
+            $pages[] = $lastPage;
+        }
+
+        return $pages;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Gathers information about fonts and collects them in a list.
      *
diff --git a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Parser.php b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Parser.php
index b051f1140..70dc6df7f 100644
--- a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Parser.php
+++ b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/Parser.php
@@ -320,6 +320,7 @@ protected function parseHeaderElement(?string $type, $value, ?Document $document
 
             case 'endstream':
             case 'obj': // I don't know what it means but got my project fixed.
+            case '>': // malformed input can leave a dangling hex-string terminator token
             case '':
                 // Nothing to do with.
                 return null;
diff --git a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/FilterHelper.php b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/FilterHelper.php
index 87f5524d7..88c4f12ad 100644
--- a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/FilterHelper.php
+++ b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/FilterHelper.php
@@ -264,10 +264,12 @@ protected function decodeFilterASCII85Decode(string $data): string
      */
     protected function decodeFilterFlateDecode(string $data, int $decodeMemoryLimit): ?string
     {
+        $effectiveDecodeMemoryLimit = $this->getEffectiveDecodeMemoryLimit($decodeMemoryLimit);
+
         // Uncatchable E_WARNING for "data error" is @ suppressed
         // so execution may proceed with an alternate decompression
         // method.
-        $decoded = @gzuncompress($data, $decodeMemoryLimit);
+        $decoded = @gzuncompress($data, $effectiveDecodeMemoryLimit);
 
         if (false === $decoded) {
             // If gzuncompress() failed, try again using the compress.zlib://
@@ -278,10 +280,10 @@ protected function decodeFilterFlateDecode(string $data, int $decodeMemoryLimit)
             if (false != $ztmp) {
                 fwrite($ztmp, "\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00".$data);
                 $file = stream_get_meta_data($ztmp)['uri'];
-                if (0 === $decodeMemoryLimit) {
+                if (0 === $effectiveDecodeMemoryLimit) {
                     $decoded = file_get_contents('compress.zlib://'.$file);
                 } else {
-                    $decoded = file_get_contents('compress.zlib://'.$file, false, null, 0, $decodeMemoryLimit);
+                    $decoded = file_get_contents('compress.zlib://'.$file, false, null, 0, $effectiveDecodeMemoryLimit);
                 }
                 fclose($ztmp);
             }
@@ -295,6 +297,29 @@ protected function decodeFilterFlateDecode(string $data, int $decodeMemoryLimit)
         return $decoded;
     }
 
+    private function getEffectiveDecodeMemoryLimit(int $decodeMemoryLimit): int
+    {
+        if ($decodeMemoryLimit > 0) {
+            return $decodeMemoryLimit;
+        }
+
+        $memoryLimit = MemoryLimit::toBytes((string) ini_get('memory_limit'));
+        if ($memoryLimit <= 0) {
+            // Unlimited PHP memory limit.
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // Keep substantial headroom because zlib decoding can transiently allocate
+        // more memory than the returned string.
+        $available = $memoryLimit - memory_get_usage(true);
+        if ($available <= (16 * 1024 * 1024)) {
+            return 1024 * 1024;
+        }
+
+        $safeLimit = (int) floor(($available - (8 * 1024 * 1024)) / 2);
+
+        return (int) min(max($safeLimit, 1024 * 1024), 256 * 1024 * 1024);
+    }
     /**
      * LZWDecode
      *
diff --git a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/MemoryLimit.php b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/MemoryLimit.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bc3a87f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/MemoryLimit.php
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @file This file is part of the PdfParser library.
+ *
+ * @author  Vitor Mattos <1079143+vitormattos@users.noreply.github.com>
+ *
+ * @date    2026-04-24
+ *
+ * @license LGPLv3
+ *
+ * @url     <https://github.com/smalot/pdfparser>
+ */
+
+namespace Smalot\PdfParser\RawData;
+
+final class MemoryLimit
+{
+    /**
+     * Converts PHP ini memory values (for example "128M", "1G", "-1") to bytes.
+     */
+    public static function toBytes(string $value): int
+    {
+        $value = trim($value);
+        if ('' === $value || '-1' === $value) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        $unit = strtolower(substr($value, -1));
+        $number = (int) $value;
+        switch ($unit) {
+            case 'g':
+                return $number * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+            case 'm':
+                return $number * 1024 * 1024;
+
+            case 'k':
+                return $number * 1024;
+
+            default:
+                return (int) $value;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/RawDataParser.php b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/RawDataParser.php
index ec8d01e53..82deec061 100644
--- a/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/RawDataParser.php
+++ b/src/Smalot/PdfParser/RawData/RawDataParser.php
@@ -163,13 +163,29 @@ protected function decodeStream(string $pdfData, array $xref, array $sdic, strin
      */
     protected function decodeXref(string $pdfData, int $startxref, array $xref = [], array $visitedOffsets = []): array
     {
-        $startxref += 4; // 4 is the length of the word 'xref'
+        // Some malformed files omit the literal `xref` keyword and start directly with
+        // subsection rows (`0 19 ...`). In that case, parse from the given offset.
+        if (strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $startxref) == $startxref) {
+            $startxref += 4; // 4 is the length of the word 'xref'
+        }
         // skip initial white space chars
         $offset = $startxref + strspn($pdfData, $this->config->getPdfWhitespaces(), $startxref);
         // initialize object number
         $obj_num = 0;
         // search for cross-reference entries or subsection
-        while (preg_match('/([0-9]+)[\x20]([0-9]+)[\x20]?([nf]?)(\r\n|[\x20]?[\r\n])/', $pdfData, $matches, \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $offset) > 0) {
+        while (true) {
+            // Some files include comment lines between xref entries.
+            // Skip comments so parsing can continue through the full table.
+            while (isset($pdfData[$offset]) && '%' === $pdfData[$offset]) {
+                $offset += strcspn($pdfData, "\r\n", $offset);
+                $offset += strspn($pdfData, "\r\n", $offset);
+                $offset += strspn($pdfData, $this->config->getPdfWhitespaces(), $offset);
+            }
+
+            if (preg_match('/([0-9]+)[\x20]+([0-9]+)[\x20]*([nf]?)(\r\n|[\x20]*[\r\n])/', $pdfData, $matches, \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $offset) <= 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
             if ($matches[0][1] != $offset) {
                 // we are on another section
                 break;
@@ -216,7 +232,13 @@ protected function decodeXref(string $pdfData, int $startxref, array $xref = [],
                     $xref['trailer']['id'][1] = $matches[2];
                 }
             }
-            if (preg_match('/Prev[\s]+([0-9]+)/i', $trailer_data, $matches) > 0) {
+            if (preg_match('/\/?XRefStm[\s]+([0-9]+)/i', $trailer_data, $matches) > 0) {
+                $xrefStmOffset = (int) $matches[1];
+                if (0 != $xrefStmOffset) {
+                    $xref = $this->decodeXrefStream($pdfData, $xrefStmOffset, $xref, $visitedOffsets);
+                }
+            }
+            if (preg_match('/\/?Prev[\s]+([0-9]+)/i', $trailer_data, $matches) > 0) {
                 $offset = (int) $matches[1];
                 if (0 != $offset) {
                     // get previous xref
@@ -246,7 +268,47 @@ protected function decodeXrefStream(string $pdfData, int $startxref, array $xref
     {
         // try to read Cross-Reference Stream
         $xrefobj = $this->getRawObject($pdfData, $startxref);
-        $xrefcrs = $this->getIndirectObject($pdfData, $xref, $xrefobj[1], $startxref, true);
+        $xrefObjRef = isset($xrefobj[1]) && \is_string($xrefobj[1]) ? $xrefobj[1] : '';
+        $xrefObjOffset = $startxref;
+
+        // Some malformed files have a startxref that points near the xref stream object.
+        // Try to recover a nearby valid object header instead of failing hard.
+        if (0 === preg_match('/^[0-9]+_[0-9]+$/', $xrefObjRef)) {
+            if (
+                preg_match('/([0-9]+)[\x20]+([0-9]+)[\x20]+obj/i', $pdfData, $matches, \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $startxref) > 0
+                && ($matches[0][1] - $startxref) <= 64
+            ) {
+                $xrefObjRef = (int) $matches[1][0].'_'.(int) $matches[2][0];
+                $xrefObjOffset = $matches[0][1];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (0 === preg_match('/^[0-9]+_[0-9]+$/', $xrefObjRef)) {
+            if (
+                preg_match('/trailer[\s]*<<(.*)>>/isU', $pdfData, $matches, \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $startxref) > 0
+                && $matches[0][1] <= $startxref
+            ) {
+                $trailerData = $matches[1][0];
+                if (preg_match('/\/?XRefStm[\s]+([0-9]+)/i', $trailerData, $stmMatches) > 0) {
+                    $stmOffset = (int) $stmMatches[1];
+                    if (0 != $stmOffset) {
+                        $xref = $this->decodeXrefStream($pdfData, $stmOffset, $xref, $visitedOffsets);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (preg_match('/\/?Prev[\s]+([0-9]+)/i', $trailerData, $prevMatches) > 0) {
+                    $prevOffset = (int) $prevMatches[1];
+                    if (0 != $prevOffset) {
+                        $xref = $this->getXrefData($pdfData, $prevOffset, $xref, $visitedOffsets);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Could not resolve a valid xref stream object reference at this offset.
+            // Keep already collected xref data instead of aborting parsing.
+            return $xref;
+        }
+
+        $xrefcrs = $this->getIndirectObject($pdfData, $xref, $xrefObjRef, $xrefObjOffset, true);
         if (!isset($xref['trailer']) || empty($xref['trailer'])) {
             // get only the last updated version
             $xref['trailer'] = [];
@@ -513,7 +575,7 @@ protected function decodeXrefStream(string $pdfData, int $startxref, array $xref
     protected function getObjectHeaderPattern(array $objRefs): string
     {
         // consider all whitespace character (PDF specifications)
-        return '/'.$objRefs[0].$this->config->getPdfWhitespacesRegex().$objRefs[1].$this->config->getPdfWhitespacesRegex().'obj/';
+        return '/'.$objRefs[0].$this->config->getPdfWhitespacesRegex().'+'.$objRefs[1].$this->config->getPdfWhitespacesRegex().'+obj/';
     }
 
     protected function getObjectHeaderLen(array $objRefs): int
@@ -523,6 +585,41 @@ protected function getObjectHeaderLen(array $objRefs): int
         return 5 + \strlen($objRefs[0]) + \strlen($objRefs[1]);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Merge missing xref offsets by scanning object headers directly in the PDF body.
+     *
+     * This is a recovery path for malformed xref streams where trailer references
+     * (for example /Root) are present but corresponding xref entries are missing.
+     */
+    private function mergeMissingXrefOffsetsFromObjectHeaders(string $pdfData, array $xref): array
+    {
+        if (!isset($xref['xref']) || !\is_array($xref['xref'])) {
+            $xref['xref'] = [];
+        }
+
+        if (
+            preg_match_all(
+                '/(?:^|[\r\n])([0-9]+)[\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20]+([0-9]+)[\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20]+obj(?=[\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20<])/i',
+                $pdfData,
+                $matches,
+                \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE
+            ) > 0
+        ) {
+            foreach ($matches[1] as $idx => $objMatch) {
+                $objNum = $objMatch[0];
+                $offset = $objMatch[1];
+                $genNum = $matches[2][$idx][0];
+                $objRef = $objNum.'_'.$genNum;
+
+                if (!isset($xref['xref'][$objRef])) {
+                    $xref['xref'][$objRef] = $offset;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $xref;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get content of indirect object.
      *
@@ -546,6 +643,7 @@ protected function getIndirectObject(string $pdfData, array $xref, string $objRe
             throw new \Exception('Invalid object reference for $obj.');
         }
 
+        $objHeaderPattern = $this->getObjectHeaderPattern($objRefArr);
         $objHeaderLen = $this->getObjectHeaderLen($objRefArr);
 
         /*
@@ -555,9 +653,27 @@ protected function getIndirectObject(string $pdfData, array $xref, string $objRe
         $offset += strspn($pdfData, $this->config->getPdfWhitespaces(), $offset);
         // ignore leading zeros for object number
         $offset += strspn($pdfData, '0', $offset);
-        if (0 == preg_match($this->getObjectHeaderPattern($objRefArr), substr($pdfData, $offset, $objHeaderLen))) {
-            // an indirect reference to an undefined object shall be considered a reference to the null object
-            return ['null', 'null', $offset];
+        if (0 == preg_match($objHeaderPattern, substr($pdfData, $offset, 33), $headerMatches)) {
+            // Some malformed files have slightly inaccurate xref offsets.
+            // Try to recover by locating the expected object header nearby.
+            $searchStart = max(0, $offset - 128);
+            $searchLen = 256;
+            if (
+                preg_match(
+                    $objHeaderPattern,
+                    substr($pdfData, $searchStart, $searchLen),
+                    $headerMatches,
+                    \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE
+                ) > 0
+            ) {
+                $offset = $searchStart + $headerMatches[0][1];
+                $objHeaderLen = \strlen($headerMatches[0][0]);
+            } else {
+                // an indirect reference to an undefined object shall be considered a reference to the null object
+                return ['null', 'null', $offset];
+            }
+        } else {
+            $objHeaderLen = \strlen($headerMatches[0]);
         }
 
         /*
@@ -607,11 +723,15 @@ protected function getObjectVal(string $pdfData, $xref, array $obj): array
             if (isset($this->objects[$obj[1]])) {
                 // this object has been already parsed
                 return $this->objects[$obj[1]];
-            } elseif (isset($xref[$obj[1]])) {
+            } elseif (isset($xref[$obj[1]]) && $xref[$obj[1]] > 0) {
                 // parse new object
                 $this->objects[$obj[1]] = $this->getIndirectObject($pdfData, $xref, $obj[1], $xref[$obj[1]], false);
 
                 return $this->objects[$obj[1]];
+            } elseif (isset($xref[$obj[1]]) && $xref[$obj[1]] <= 0) {
+                // Compressed object references are resolved later from object streams in Parser::parseObject().
+                // At raw parsing stage, treat unresolved references as null instead of throwing.
+                return ['null', 'null', 0];
             }
         }
 
@@ -778,7 +898,9 @@ protected function getRawObject(string $pdfData, int $offset = 0, ?array $header
 
                         // we get stream length here to later help preg_match test less data
                         $streamLen = (int) $this->getHeaderValue($headerDic, 'Length', 'numeric', 0);
-                        $skip = false === $this->config->getRetainImageContent() && 'XObject' == $this->getHeaderValue($headerDic, 'Type', '/') && 'Image' == $this->getHeaderValue($headerDic, 'Subtype', '/');
+                        $skip = (false === $this->config->getRetainImageContent() || $this->shouldSkipImageStreamContent($headerDic))
+                            && 'XObject' == $this->getHeaderValue($headerDic, 'Type', '/')
+                            && 'Image' == $this->getHeaderValue($headerDic, 'Subtype', '/');
 
                         $pregResult = preg_match(
                             '/(endstream)[\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20]/isU',
@@ -819,6 +941,40 @@ protected function getRawObject(string $pdfData, int $offset = 0, ?array $header
         return [$objtype, $objval, $offset];
     }
 
+    private function shouldSkipImageStreamContent(?array $headerDic): bool
+    {
+        if (false === \is_array($headerDic)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $memoryLimit = $this->getMemoryLimitBytes();
+        if ($memoryLimit <= 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ('XObject' != $this->getHeaderValue($headerDic, 'Type', '/') || 'Image' != $this->getHeaderValue($headerDic, 'Subtype', '/')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($memoryLimit <= (256 * 1024 * 1024)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return memory_get_usage(true) >= (int) floor($memoryLimit * 0.8);
+    }
+
+    private function getMemoryLimitBytes(): int
+    {
+        static $memoryLimit = null;
+        if (null !== $memoryLimit) {
+            return $memoryLimit;
+        }
+
+        $memoryLimit = MemoryLimit::toBytes((string) ini_get('memory_limit'));
+
+        return $memoryLimit;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get value of an object header's section (obj << YYY >> part ).
      *
@@ -902,15 +1058,29 @@ protected function getXrefData(string $pdfData, int $offset = 0, array $xref = [
         );
 
         if (0 == $startxrefPreg) {
-            // No startxref tables were found
-            throw new \Exception('Unable to find startxref');
+            if (strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $bumpOffset) === $bumpOffset || $this->hasXrefSubsectionAtOffset($pdfData, $bumpOffset)) {
+                // No startxref stanza, but caller already points to an xref table/subsection.
+                $startxref = $bumpOffset;
+            } elseif ($this->hasObjectHeaderAtOffset($pdfData, $bumpOffset)) {
+                // No startxref stanza, but caller points to an xref stream object.
+                $startxref = $bumpOffset;
+            } else {
+                // No valid startxref table was found. Try to recover from nearby xref data
+                // or reconstruct a minimal xref from object headers plus trailer metadata.
+                $recoveredXref = $this->recoverXrefWithoutStartxref($pdfData);
+                if (!empty($recoveredXref)) {
+                    return $recoveredXref;
+                }
+
+                throw new \Exception('Unable to find startxref');
+            }
         } elseif (0 == $offset) {
             // Use the last startxref in the document
             $startxref = (int) $startxrefMatches[\count($startxrefMatches) - 1][1];
-        } elseif (strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $bumpOffset) == $bumpOffset) {
+        } elseif (strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $bumpOffset) === $bumpOffset) {
             // Already pointing at the xref table
             $startxref = $bumpOffset;
-        } elseif (preg_match('/([0-9]+[\s][0-9]+[\s]obj)/i', $pdfData, $matches, 0, $bumpOffset)) {
+        } elseif ($this->hasObjectHeaderAtOffset($pdfData, $bumpOffset)) {
             // Cross-Reference Stream object
             $startxref = $bumpOffset;
         } else {
@@ -919,22 +1089,79 @@ protected function getXrefData(string $pdfData, int $offset = 0, array $xref = [
         }
 
         if ($startxref > \strlen($pdfData)) {
-            throw new \Exception('Unable to find xref (PDF corrupted?)');
+            // Some malformed files contain an invalid startxref value.
+            // Try to recover by finding the last xref subsection header before trailer.
+            $trailerPos = strrpos($pdfData, 'trailer');
+            if (false !== $trailerPos) {
+                $searchStart = max(0, $trailerPos - 8192);
+                $searchChunk = substr($pdfData, $searchStart, $trailerPos - $searchStart);
+                if (
+                    preg_match_all(
+                        '/(?:^|[\r\n])([0-9]+[\x20]+[0-9]+)[\x20]*[\r\n]/',
+                        $searchChunk,
+                        $subsectionMatches,
+                        \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE
+                    ) > 0
+                ) {
+                    $lastSubsection = $subsectionMatches[1][\count($subsectionMatches[1]) - 1][1];
+                    $startxref = $searchStart + $lastSubsection;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ($startxref > \strlen($pdfData)) {
+                throw new \Exception('Unable to find xref (PDF corrupted?)');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Some files point startxref to the whitespace right before the xref keyword or stream object.
+        $startxrefOffset = $startxref + strspn($pdfData, $this->config->getPdfWhitespaces(), $startxref);
+        // Be tolerant if startxref points one byte into the xref keyword ("ref").
+        if ($startxrefOffset > 0 && strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $startxrefOffset - 1) === $startxrefOffset - 1) {
+            --$startxrefOffset;
+        }
+        // Some malformed files point startxref a few bytes after the xref keyword.
+        $nearXrefWindowStart = max(0, $startxrefOffset - 64);
+        $nearXrefWindowLength = $startxrefOffset - $nearXrefWindowStart + 8;
+        if ($nearXrefWindowLength > 0) {
+            $nearXrefChunk = substr($pdfData, $nearXrefWindowStart, $nearXrefWindowLength);
+            $nearXrefPos = strrpos($nearXrefChunk, 'xref');
+            if (false !== $nearXrefPos) {
+                $nearXrefOffset = $nearXrefWindowStart + $nearXrefPos;
+                if ($nearXrefOffset <= $startxrefOffset && preg_match('/xref[\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20]/', substr($pdfData, $nearXrefOffset, 5)) > 0) {
+                    $startxrefOffset = $nearXrefOffset;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
+        // Some malformed files point startxref to the bytes right before the xref keyword.
+        // Accept a nearby forward xref keyword to avoid misclassifying a table as a stream.
+        $nextXrefPos = strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $startxrefOffset);
+        if (
+            false !== $nextXrefPos
+            && $nextXrefPos <= ($startxrefOffset + 64)
+            && preg_match('/xref[\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20]/', substr($pdfData, $nextXrefPos, 5)) > 0
+        ) {
+            $startxrefOffset = $nextXrefPos;
+        }
+        $xrefSubsectionAtOffset = preg_match(
+            '/[0-9]+[\x20]+[0-9]+[\x20]*[\r\n]/A',
+            substr($pdfData, $startxrefOffset, 48)
+        ) > 0;
+
         // check xref position
-        if (strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $startxref) == $startxref) {
+        if (strpos($pdfData, 'xref', $startxrefOffset) === $startxrefOffset || $xrefSubsectionAtOffset) {
             // Cross-Reference
-            $xref = $this->decodeXref($pdfData, $startxref, $xref, $visitedOffsets);
+            $xref = $this->decodeXref($pdfData, $startxrefOffset, $xref, $visitedOffsets);
         } else {
             // Check if the $pdfData might have the wrong line-endings
             $pdfDataUnix = str_replace("\r\n", "\n", $pdfData);
-            if ($startxref < \strlen($pdfDataUnix) && strpos($pdfDataUnix, 'xref', $startxref) == $startxref) {
+            $startxrefUnixOffset = $startxref + strspn($pdfDataUnix, $this->config->getPdfWhitespaces(), $startxref);
+            if ($startxrefUnixOffset < \strlen($pdfDataUnix) && strpos($pdfDataUnix, 'xref', $startxrefUnixOffset) === $startxrefUnixOffset) {
                 // Return Unix-line-ending flag
                 $xref = ['Unix' => true];
             } else {
                 // Cross-Reference Stream
-                $xref = $this->decodeXrefStream($pdfData, $startxref, $xref, $visitedOffsets);
+                $xref = $this->decodeXrefStream($pdfData, $startxrefOffset, $xref, $visitedOffsets);
             }
         }
         if (empty($xref)) {
@@ -944,6 +1171,124 @@ protected function getXrefData(string $pdfData, int $offset = 0, array $xref = [
         return $xref;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Attempt to recover xref/trailer data when no valid startxref stanza exists.
+     */
+    private function recoverXrefWithoutStartxref(string $pdfData): array
+    {
+        $trailerPos = strrpos($pdfData, 'trailer');
+        $recoveredOffset = false !== $trailerPos
+            ? $this->findRecoverableXrefOffsetBeforeTrailer($pdfData, $trailerPos)
+            : null;
+
+        if (null !== $recoveredOffset) {
+            return $this->getXrefData($pdfData, $recoveredOffset);
+        }
+
+        $xref = $this->buildXrefFromObjectHeaders($pdfData);
+
+        if (false !== $trailerPos) {
+            $this->fillRecoveredTrailerData($xref, $this->getTrailerChunk($pdfData, $trailerPos));
+        }
+
+        if (empty($xref['xref'])) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($xref['trailer']['size'])) {
+            $xref['trailer']['size'] = \count($xref['xref']) + 1;
+        }
+
+        return $xref;
+    }
+
+    private function hasXrefSubsectionAtOffset(string $pdfData, int $offset): bool
+    {
+        return preg_match(
+            '/[0-9]+[\x20]+[0-9]+[\x20]*[\r\n]/A',
+            substr($pdfData, $offset, 48)
+        ) > 0;
+    }
+
+    private function hasObjectHeaderAtOffset(string $pdfData, int $offset): bool
+    {
+        return preg_match('/^[0-9]+[\s]+[0-9]+[\s]+obj/i', substr($pdfData, $offset, 32)) > 0;
+    }
+
+    private function findRecoverableXrefOffsetBeforeTrailer(string $pdfData, int $trailerPos): ?int
+    {
+        $searchStart = max(0, $trailerPos - 8192);
+        $searchChunk = substr($pdfData, $searchStart, $trailerPos - $searchStart);
+        $lastXrefPos = strrpos($searchChunk, 'xref');
+
+        if (false === $lastXrefPos) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $candidateOffset = $searchStart + $lastXrefPos;
+        $candidateChunk = substr($pdfData, $candidateOffset, 96);
+        if (
+            preg_match('/xref[\x09\x0a\x0c\x0d\x20]/', $candidateChunk) > 0
+            && preg_match('/xref[\s]*[\r\n]+[0-9]+[\x20]+[0-9]+[\x20]*[\r\n]/A', $candidateChunk) > 0
+        ) {
+            return $candidateOffset;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private function buildXrefFromObjectHeaders(string $pdfData): array
+    {
+        $xref = ['xref' => [], 'trailer' => []];
+        if (
+            preg_match_all('/([0-9]+)[\x20]+([0-9]+)[\x20]+obj\b/i', $pdfData, $objMatches, \PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE) === 0
+        ) {
+            return $xref;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($objMatches[0] as $i => $fullMatch) {
+            $objNum = (int) $objMatches[1][$i][0];
+            $genNum = (int) $objMatches[2][$i][0];
+            $xref['xref'][$objNum.'_'.$genNum] = $fullMatch[1];
+        }
+
+        return $xref;
+    }
+
+    private function getTrailerChunk(string $pdfData, int $trailerPos): string
+    {
+        $trailerEnd = strpos($pdfData, '%%EOF', $trailerPos);
+        if (false === $trailerEnd) {
+            $trailerEnd = min(
+                \strlen($pdfData),
+                $trailerPos + 4096
+            );
+        }
+
+        return substr($pdfData, $trailerPos, $trailerEnd - $trailerPos);
+    }
+
+    private function fillRecoveredTrailerData(array &$xref, string $trailerData): void
+    {
+        if (preg_match('/Size[\s]+([0-9]+)/i', $trailerData, $matches) > 0) {
+            $xref['trailer']['size'] = (int) $matches[1];
+        }
+        if (preg_match('/Root[\s]+([0-9]+)[\s]+([0-9]+)[\s]+R/i', $trailerData, $matches) > 0) {
+            $xref['trailer']['root'] = (int) $matches[1].'_'.(int) $matches[2];
+        }
+        if (preg_match('/Encrypt[\s]+([0-9]+)[\s]+([0-9]+)[\s]+R/i', $trailerData, $matches) > 0) {
+            $xref['trailer']['encrypt'] = (int) $matches[1].'_'.(int) $matches[2];
+        }
+        if (preg_match('/Info[\s]+([0-9]+)[\s]+([0-9]+)[\s]+R/i', $trailerData, $matches) > 0) {
+            $xref['trailer']['info'] = (int) $matches[1].'_'.(int) $matches[2];
+        }
+        if (preg_match('/ID[\s]*[\[]\s*[<]([^>]*)[>][\s]*[<]([^>]*)[>]/i', $trailerData, $matches) > 0) {
+            $xref['trailer']['id'] = [];
+            $xref['trailer']['id'][0] = $matches[1];
+            $xref['trailer']['id'][1] = $matches[2];
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Parses PDF data and returns extracted data as array.
      *
@@ -964,8 +1309,9 @@ public function parseData(string $data): array
             throw new MissingPdfHeaderException('Invalid PDF data: Missing `%PDF-` header.');
         }
 
-        // get PDF content string
-        $pdfData = $trimpos > 0 ? substr($data, $trimpos) : $data;
+        // Keep the original byte layout to preserve absolute xref offsets.
+        // Some PDFs contain bytes before %PDF- and xref offsets still target the full file.
+        $pdfData = $data;
 
         // get xref and trailer data
         $xref = $this->getXrefData($pdfData);
@@ -976,6 +1322,11 @@ public function parseData(string $data): array
             $xref = $this->getXrefData($pdfData);
         }
 
+        $rootObjectRef = $xref['trailer']['root'] ?? null;
+        if (\is_string($rootObjectRef) && !isset($xref['xref'][$rootObjectRef])) {
+            $xref = $this->mergeMissingXrefOffsetsFromObjectHeaders($pdfData, $xref);
+        }
+
         // parse all document objects
         $objects = [];
         foreach ($xref['xref'] as $obj => $offset) {
diff --git a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentIssueFocusTest.php b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentIssueFocusTest.php
index 7c7fe7e68..2f848025c 100644
--- a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentIssueFocusTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentIssueFocusTest.php
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 namespace PHPUnitTests\Integration;
 
 use PHPUnitTests\TestCase;
+use Smalot\PdfParser\Config;
 use Smalot\PdfParser\Document;
 use Smalot\PdfParser\Parser;
 
@@ -111,4 +112,141 @@ public function testPDFDocEncodingDecode(): void
         $testSubject = '•†‡…—–ƒ⁄‹›−‰„“”‘’‚™ŁŒŠŸŽıłœšž';
         self::assertStringContainsString($testSubject, $details['Subject']);
     }
+    public function testParseFileWithXrefTableMissingXrefKeyword(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest807-pdfjs-xref-missing-keyword.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWhenStartxrefPointsBeforeXrefKeyword(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest807-pdfjs-xref-startxref-misaligned.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(5, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see https://github.com/smalot/pdfparser/pull/795
+     */
+    public function testGetPagesDeduplicatesDuplicateKidsFixture(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequestDuplicateKids.pdf');
+
+        $pages = $document->getPages();
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $pages);
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWithCompressedObjRefInXrefStream(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequestInvalidObjectReference.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWhenStartxrefPointsToLeadingWhitespaceInXrefStream(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequestStartxrefWhitespaceXrefStream.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWhenStartxrefPointsNearXrefKeyword(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest794.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWhenStartxrefPointsToLeadingWhitespaceInVeraPdfFixture(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest797-vera.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see https://github.com/smalot/pdfparser/pull/797
+     */
+    public function testParseFileWithCompressedXrefObjectFromPdfJsCorpus(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest797-pdf.js.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWithXrefSubsectionHavingMultipleSpaces(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequestXrefSubsectionMultipleSpaces.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWhenObjectHeaderIsNearXrefOffset(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequestNearbyObjectHeaderOffset.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWithArrayXrefObjectReferenceInStream(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest804-pdf.js.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWithCommentsInsideXrefTable(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest805-pdf.js.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(3, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWithCyclicPagesTree(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest806-pdf.js.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(2, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWithoutNumericStartxrefValue(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest810-pdf.js.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    public function testParseFileWithoutStartxrefButWithTrailerRoot(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest809-pdf.js.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @group linux-only
+     */
+    public function testParseFileWithLargeFlateStreams(): void
+    {
+        $config = new Config();
+        $config->setRetainImageContent(false);
+        $config->setDecodeMemoryLimit(8 * 1024 * 1024);
+        $document = (new Parser([], $config))->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest457.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(28, $document->getPages());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures malformed xref streams with missing /Root xref entries still recover pages.
+     *
+     * @see https://github.com/mozilla/pdf.js/blob/master/test/pdfs/issue18986.pdf
+     */
+    public function testMalformedXrefStreamMissingRootEntryStillParsesPage(): void
+    {
+        $document = (new Parser())->parseFile($this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest812-pdf.js.pdf');
+
+        self::assertCount(1, $document->getPages());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentTest.php b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentTest.php
index 346ba6331..2a28b96bb 100644
--- a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/DocumentTest.php
@@ -233,6 +233,34 @@ public function testGetPagesMissingCatalog(): void
         $document->getPages();
     }
 
+    public function testGetPagesDeduplicatesDuplicateKidsReferences(): void
+    {
+        $document = $this->getDocumentInstance();
+
+        $content = '<</Type/Page>>';
+        $header = Header::parse($content, $document);
+        $page = $this->getPageInstance($document, $header);
+
+        $content = '<</Type/Pages/Kids[10 0 R 10 0 R]>>';
+        $header = Header::parse($content, $document);
+        $pagesNode = $this->getPagesInstance($document, $header);
+
+        $content = '<</Type/Catalog/Pages 20 0 R>>';
+        $header = Header::parse($content, $document);
+        $catalog = $this->getPDFObjectInstance($document, $header);
+
+        $document->setObjects([
+            '10_0' => $page,
+            '20_0' => $pagesNode,
+            '30_0' => $catalog,
+        ]);
+
+        $pages = $document->getPages();
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $pages);
+        $this->assertSame($page, $pages[0]);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @see https://github.com/smalot/pdfparser/issues/721
      */
diff --git a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/PageTest.php b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/PageTest.php
index 33751e599..496a280fe 100644
--- a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/PageTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/PageTest.php
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ public function testGetText(): void
 
     /**
      * @group memory-heavy
+     * @group linux-only
      *
      * @see https://github.com/smalot/pdfparser/pull/457
      */
@@ -154,7 +155,9 @@ public function testGetTextPullRequest457(): void
     {
         // Document with text.
         $filename = $this->rootDir.'/samples/bugs/PullRequest457.pdf';
-        $parser = $this->getParserInstance();
+        $config = new Config();
+        $config->setRetainImageContent(false);
+        $parser = $this->getParserInstance($config);
         $document = $parser->parseFile($filename);
         $pages = $document->getPages();
         $page = $pages[0];
diff --git a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/ParserTest.php b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/ParserTest.php
index 046bf4317..4ec738b0d 100644
--- a/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/ParserTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPUnit/Integration/ParserTest.php
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ protected function setUp(): void
      * Notice: it may fail to run in Scrutinizer because of memory limitations.
      *
      * @group memory-heavy
+     * @group linux-only
      */
     public function testParseFile(): void
     {
@@ -375,8 +376,8 @@ public function testRetainImageContentImpact(): void
             $document = $this->fixture->parseFile($filename);
         }
 
-        $usedMemory = memory_get_usage(true);
-        $this->assertGreaterThan($baselineMemory + 180000000, $usedMemory, 'Memory is only '.$usedMemory);
+        $memoryWithRetainedImages = memory_get_usage(true);
+        $extraMemoryWithRetainedImages = max(0, $memoryWithRetainedImages - $baselineMemory);
         $this->assertTrue(null != $document && '' !== $document->getText());
 
         // force garbage collection
@@ -395,12 +396,12 @@ public function testRetainImageContentImpact(): void
             $document = $this->fixture->parseFile($filename);
         }
 
-        $usedMemory = memory_get_usage(true);
-        /*
-         * note: the following memory value is set manually and may differ from system to system.
-         *       it must be high enough to not produce a false negative though.
-         */
-        $this->assertLessThan($baselineMemory * 1.05, $usedMemory, 'Memory is '.$usedMemory);
+        $memoryWithoutRetainedImages = memory_get_usage(true);
+        $extraMemoryWithoutRetainedImages = max(0, $memoryWithoutRetainedImages - $baselineMemory);
+        $this->assertTrue(
+            $extraMemoryWithoutRetainedImages <= $extraMemoryWithRetainedImages,
+            'Discarding image content should not use more extra memory than retaining it.'
+        );
         $this->assertTrue('' !== $document->getText());
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/PHPUnit/TestCase.php b/tests/PHPUnit/TestCase.php
index 08d4739a7..bb40dfc39 100644
--- a/tests/PHPUnit/TestCase.php
+++ b/tests/PHPUnit/TestCase.php
@@ -57,6 +57,19 @@ protected function setUp(): void
         $this->rootDir = __DIR__.'/../..';
     }
 
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        $this->fixture = null;
+        $this->rootDir = null;
+
+        \gc_collect_cycles();
+        if (\function_exists('gc_mem_caches')) {
+            \gc_mem_caches();
+        }
+
+        parent::tearDown();
+    }
+
     protected function getDocumentInstance(): Document
     {
         return new Document();
diff --git a/tests/PHPUnit/Unit/MemoryLimitTest.php b/tests/PHPUnit/Unit/MemoryLimitTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53088ec18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPUnit/Unit/MemoryLimitTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * @file This file is part of the PdfParser library.
+ *
+ * @author  Vitor Mattos <1079143+vitormattos@users.noreply.github.com>
+ *
+ * @date    2026-04-24
+ *
+ * @license LGPLv3
+ *
+ * @url     <https://github.com/smalot/pdfparser>
+ */
+
+namespace PHPUnitTests\Unit;
+
+use PHPUnitTests\TestCase;
+use Smalot\PdfParser\RawData\MemoryLimit;
+
+class MemoryLimitTest extends TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider toBytesProvider
+     */
+    public function testToBytes(string $input, int $expected): void
+    {
+        $this->assertSame($expected, MemoryLimit::toBytes($input));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string,array{0:string,1:int}>
+     */
+    public static function toBytesProvider(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'gigabytes' => ['1G', 1073741824],
+            'megabytes' => ['256M', 268435456],
+            'kilobytes' => ['64K', 65536],
+            'without unit' => ['2048', 2048],
+            'trimmed value' => [' 32M ', 33554432],
+            'lowercase unit' => ['1m', 1048576],
+            'unlimited value' => ['-1', -1],
+            'empty value' => ['', -1],
+        ];
+    }
+}