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Merged
Charliechen114514 merged 3 commits into from
May 25, 2026
Merged

feat: add the drawio render and replace some mermaid code #30

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3b38dce
feat: add the drawio render and replace some mermaid code
Charliechen114514 May 25, 2026
46236cf
fix: ci scripts error
Charliechen114514 May 25, 2026
dfdfd13
fix: ci scripts error
Charliechen114514 May 25, 2026
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63 changes: 63 additions & 0 deletions documents/vol1-fundamentals/c_tutorials/advanced_feature/02-aos-layout.drawio
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<mxfile host="app.diagrams.net">
<diagram name="AoS Layout" id="aos-layout">
<mxGraphModel dx="1000" dy="600" grid="1" gridSize="10" guides="1" tooltips="1" connect="1" arrows="1" fold="1" page="1" pageScale="1" pageWidth="827" pageHeight="1169" math="0" shadow="0">
<root>
<mxCell id="0" />
<mxCell id="1" parent="0" />

<mxCell id="title" value="AoS 布局：每个元素的 x,y,z,r,g,b 紧挨在一起（24 字节）" style="text;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=none;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;fontSize=16;fontStyle=1;" vertex="1" parent="1">
<mxGeometry x="80" y="30" width="500" height="30" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

<!-- Vertex 0 -->
<mxCell id="v0x" value="x₀" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#2E7D32;strokeWidth=1;fillColor=#C8E6C9;fontSize=13;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<mxCell id="legend_r" value="颜色数据（冷路径）" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#C62828;strokeWidth=1;fillColor=#FFCDD2;fontSize=11;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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32 changes: 3 additions & 29 deletions ...vol1-fundamentals/c_tutorials/advanced_feature/02-cache-and-memory-hierarchy.md
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Expand Up @@ -59,18 +59,7 @@ Python 和 Java 这类语言把内存管理彻底抽象掉了，程序员基本

这个金字塔结构的核心设计思想叫做**局部性原理**（Principle of Locality）。局部性分两种：**时间局部性**指的是如果一个数据刚被访问过，那它很可能会在不久之后再次被访问；**空间局部性**指的是如果一个数据被访问了，那它附近地址的数据很可能也会被访问。Cache 的所有设计决策——缓存行的大小、预取策略、替换策略——全都是围绕这两个局部性来的。我们可以用一张简图来直观感受这个金字塔：

```mermaid
graph TD
subgraph "越往上越快、越小、越贵；越往下越慢、越大、越便宜"
Reg["<b>寄存器</b><br/>~1 周期 | 容量: ~数百字节"]
L1["<b>L1 Cache</b><br/>~3-4 周期 | 容量: 32-64 KB"]
L2["<b>L2 Cache</b><br/>~10-14 周期 | 容量: 256 KB-1 MB"]
L3["<b>L3 Cache</b><br/>~30-50 周期 | 容量: 数 MB-数十 MB"]
DRAM["<b>主存 DRAM</b><br/>~100-300 周期 | 容量: GB 级"]
Disk["<b>SSD/HDD</b><br/>~微秒/毫秒 | 容量: TB 级"]
end
Reg ~~~ L1 ~~~ L2 ~~~ L3 ~~~ DRAM ~~~ Disk
```
![存储器层次结构金字塔示意](./02-memory-hierarchy.drawio)

你可以在 Linux 上用 `lscpu` 命令查看自己机器的 Cache 配置，输出的 `L1d cache`、`L2 cache`、`L3 cache` 那几行就是你的 CPU 实际情况。接下来我们一层一层往下拆。

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -294,24 +283,9 @@ typedef struct {

对比一下两者在内存中的布局差异：

```mermaid
graph LR
subgraph "AoS 布局：每个元素的 x,y,z,r,g,b 紧挨在一起（24 字节）"
A0["x0 y0 z0 r0 g0 b0"]
A1["x1 y1 z1 r1 g1 b1"]
A2["x2 y2 z2 r2 g2 b2"]
A0 --> A1 --> A2
end
```
![AoS 内存布局](./02-aos-layout.drawio)

```mermaid
graph LR
subgraph "SoA 布局：所有 x 连续，所有 y 连续，以此类推"
SX["连续的 x<br/>x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 ..."]
SY["连续的 y<br/>y0 y1 y2 y3 y4 ..."]
SZ["连续的 z<br/>z0 z1 z2 z3 z4 ..."]
end
```
![SoA 内存布局](./02-soa-layout.drawio)

如果你的热路径只处理坐标 `x`、`y`、`z`，而不碰颜色 `r`、`g`、`b`，那 SoA 的优势就非常明显了——你连续遍历 `x[0]`、`x[1]`、`x[2]`……数据在内存里完全连续，Cache 命中率接近 100%。而 AoS 的情况下，每访问一个 `x` 都会顺带把同一结构体里的 `y`、`z`、`r`、`g`、`b` 也拉进 Cache（因为它们在同一条缓存行上），但我们暂时用不到颜色数据，这些空间就浪费了。

Expand Down
56 changes: 56 additions & 0 deletions documents/vol1-fundamentals/c_tutorials/advanced_feature/02-memory-hierarchy.drawio
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<mxfile host="app.diagrams.net">
<diagram name="Memory Hierarchy" id="memory-hierarchy">
<mxGraphModel dx="1200" dy="800" grid="1" gridSize="10" guides="1" tooltips="1" connect="1" arrows="1" fold="1" page="1" pageScale="1" pageWidth="827" pageHeight="1169" math="0" shadow="0">
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<mxGeometry x="200" y="20" width="300" height="35" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

<!-- Registers -->
<mxCell id="reg" value="&lt;b&gt;寄存器&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;~1 周期 | ~数百字节" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#B71C1C;strokeWidth=2;fillColor=#FFCDD2;fontSize=14;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
<mxGeometry x="300" y="70" width="180" height="50" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

<!-- L1 -->
<mxCell id="l1" value="&lt;b&gt;L1 Cache&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;~3-4 周期 | 32-64 KB" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#C62828;strokeWidth=2;fillColor=#EF9A9A;fontSize=14;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<!-- L2 -->
<mxCell id="l2" value="&lt;b&gt;L2 Cache&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;~10-14 周期 | 256 KB - 1 MB" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#E65100;strokeWidth=2;fillColor=#FFCC80;fontSize=14;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
<mxGeometry x="230" y="200" width="320" height="50" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

<!-- L3 -->
<mxCell id="l3" value="&lt;b&gt;L3 Cache&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;~30-50 周期 | 数 MB - 数十 MB" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#F9A825;strokeWidth=2;fillColor=#FFF59D;fontSize=14;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
<mxGeometry x="190" y="265" width="400" height="50" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

<!-- DRAM -->
<mxCell id="dram" value="&lt;b&gt;主存 DRAM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;~100-300 周期 | GB 级" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#2E7D32;strokeWidth=2;fillColor=#A5D6A7;fontSize=14;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
<mxGeometry x="150" y="330" width="480" height="50" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

<!-- Disk -->
<mxCell id="disk" value="&lt;b&gt;SSD / HDD&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;~微秒 / 毫秒 | TB 级" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;strokeColor=#1565C0;strokeWidth=2;fillColor=#90CAF9;fontSize=14;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;" vertex="1" parent="1">
<mxGeometry x="110" y="395" width="560" height="50" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

<!-- Left annotation: faster/smaller -->
<mxCell id="left_label" value="快&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;br&gt;小&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;br&gt;贵" style="text;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=none;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;fontSize=13;fontStyle=1;fontColor=#B71C1C;rotation=0;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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<!-- Right annotation: slower/larger -->
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66 changes: 66 additions & 0 deletions documents/vol1-fundamentals/c_tutorials/advanced_feature/02-soa-layout.drawio
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<mxfile host="app.diagrams.net">
<diagram name="SoA Layout" id="soa-layout">
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<mxCell id="title" value="SoA 布局：所有 x 连续，所有 y 连续，以此类推" style="text;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=none;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;fontSize=16;fontStyle=1;" vertex="1" parent="1">
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