Doujindesu (ID): Fix Cloudflare block when using image proxies

[MuhamadSyabitHidayattulloh]

• Add imageRequest with standard browser headers to help bypass Cloudflare/WAF.
• Update interceptor to remove x-app-secret from non-API requests (e.g. images, proxies) to avoid triggering security blocks.
• Bump extension version to 19.

Checklist:

• Updated versionCode value in build.gradle.kts
• Updated baseVersionCode in build.gradle.kts (if updated multisrc theme code)
• Referenced all related issues in the PR body (e.g. "Closes #xyz")
• Set the contentWarning configuration in build.gradle.kts appropriately
• Have not changed source names
• Have explicitly kept the id if a source's name or language were changed
• Have tested the modifications by compiling and running the extension through Android Studio
• Have removed web_hi_res_512.png when adding a new extension
• This PR is AI-assisted, I have reviewed the changes manually and confirmed they are not slop