QuantJourney Backtester

A Python-native backtesting engine for reproducible portfolio research.

QuantJourney Backtester turns strategy ideas into auditable research packets: signals become target weights or explicit orders, orders become simulated fills, fills update cash and positions, and NAV is reconstructed from portfolio state.

It is designed for researchers who need more than an equity curve: execution assumptions, costs, slippage, rebalancing rules, crisis behavior, walk-forward validation, optimization diagnostics, metrics, plots, and run metadata from one repeatable run.

Installation

pip install quantjourney-bt

Current PyPI release: 0.12.2. The public package supports Python 3.11 and newer.

Why It Exists

Most backtests stop at signal x returns. That is fast, but it hides the questions that matter before a strategy can be trusted:

• Was there look-ahead?
• What happened to missing bars?
• How were weights converted into trades?
• Did costs and turnover destroy the edge?
• Did parameters generalize out of sample?
• Which crisis regimes broke the strategy?
• Can the run be reproduced and reviewed later?

QuantJourney Backtester makes these assumptions explicit.

Two Research Modes

Weight mode is for portfolio research: factor portfolios, rotation models, long/cash strategies, long/short books, risk overlays, volatility targeting, and scheduled rebalancing.

Order mode is for execution-aware research: market, limit, stop, stop-limit, trailing stop, bracket, and OCO orders with commissions, slippage, volume participation, fills, positions, cash, NAV, and trade blotters.

Fast weight execution solves transaction costs recursively on one post-cost capital path: NAV, implied quantities, trade notionals, booked costs and reported positions reconcile to the same self-financing ledger. Use weight_execution="orders" when discrete fills and cash movements matter. For fills at the open, range-sensitive slippage sees only the previous completed bar and volume capacity is forecast from lagged observations; the engine does not use that day's later high, low, close or full-day volume.

Engine Contract

Data -> Features -> Signals -> Target Weights / Orders -> Fills -> Positions -> NAV -> Metrics -> Report Packet

Each stage is explicit. Data is transformed into features, features drive signals, signals become either target weights or orders, execution assumptions turn those decisions into fills, and portfolio state is used to reconstruct NAV, metrics, plots, and run metadata.

What you want to do -> what to use

I want to...	Use
Generate long / flat / short or ranking intent	_compute_signals()
Convert intent into target portfolio exposure	_compute_weights()
Apply caps, vol targeting, inverse vol, or risk parity	risk_model=...
Trade only on calendar, drift, signal, or turnover triggers	RebalancePolicy(...)
Submit market / limit / stop / trailing / bracket / OCO orders	execution_mode="orders" + _compute_orders(...)
Model spread, impact, and commission assumptions	slippage & commission models
Validate parameters out of sample	walk-forward / Optuna

The repository examples and tests demonstrate these engine semantics locally.

What You Get From One Run

Each local run can produce metrics, plots, equity curves, drawdowns, rolling risk, optimization evidence, walk-forward results, CSV/JSON artifacts, a static HTML dashboard, and run metadata. The hosted platform adds crisis diagnostics, interactive dashboards, execution traces, and PDF tear sheets.

What Stays Local

Your strategy code, signals, portfolio accounting, order simulation, metrics, plots, generated reports, and run artifacts stay local. QuantJourney Cloud is used for market-data preparation and authentication.

What It Is Not

This is not a broker, not a live trading system, not investment advice, and not a guarantee that a strategy will work out of sample. Some examples intentionally simplify assumptions such as borrow cost, financing, liquidity and market impact. Those assumptions are documented so they can be changed, not hidden.

Example Output

Every run produces a review-ready research packet — equity curves, monthly returns heatmaps, drawdowns, risk and rolling statistics, and walk-forward / optimization summaries (see Reports for the exact file list). A few examples:

Cumulative returns vs benchmark

Monthly returns heatmap

Crisis analysis across historical stress periods (hosted platform report pack)

Walk-forward out-of-sample equity (hosted platform report pack)

The first two charts come from the open-source report pack in this repository. Charts marked hosted platform report pack — crisis analysis, trade blotters, execution traces, PDF factsheets, and interactive dashboards — are generated by the hosted QuantJourney platform on top of the same engine results. More examples at backtester.quantjourney.cloud.

Install

pip install quantjourney-bt

The wheel installs the backtester library. The runnable strategy catalog and the strategy.sh (macOS/Linux) and strategy.bat (Windows) launchers are repository assets; clone this repository when you want to run or modify the examples below.

The install also exposes qj-bt data, an unauthenticated terminal helper for browsing public backtester metadata such as sources, granularities, datasets, example universes, and the symbols referenced by those examples.

Optional extras: pip install "quantjourney-bt[wf]" adds Optuna for the walk-forward optimization examples (WF05); [data] adds the yfinance benchmark fallback.

For local development:

python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
python -m pip install -U pip
python -m pip install -e ".[dev,data]"
pytest

Do not install dependencies into the Homebrew/system Python. Use a virtual environment; otherwise macOS/Homebrew may raise an externally-managed-environment error and the launcher may miss packages such as quantjourney_ti.

Reproducible Demo Without API Key

Run the first strategy against deterministic bundled sample data:

./strategy.sh example_weights_01_sma_daily --sample-data --output /tmp/qj-sample

The sample dataset is intentionally small and reproducible. It is useful for install checks, report generation, and reading the engine flow without creating an account. For real market data, set QuantJourney API credentials and run the same strategy without --sample-data.

qj-bt Data Catalog

Open the optional keyboard-driven browser in an interactive terminal:

qj-bt data

Use deterministic section commands in scripts, CI, or an agent workflow:

qj-bt data overview
qj-bt data sources
qj-bt data granularities
qj-bt data datasets
qj-bt data asset-classes
qj-bt data universes
qj-bt data example-symbols
qj-bt data sources --json

qj-bt data uses the public metadata endpoints without reading or transmitting an API key. When no section is supplied, it opens the interactive browser only when stdin and stdout are attached to a terminal; otherwise it emits the overview table. The example-symbol index is illustrative and is not an exhaustive market-data availability catalog.

Repository Layout

backtester/               Runtime package imported as backtester
strategies/               Runnable strategy examples
strategy.sh               macOS/Linux strategy launcher
strategy.bat              Windows strategy launcher
strategy.py               Shared cross-platform launcher logic
benchmarks/               Benchmark-suite notes
skills/                   Strategy-authoring skill materials
tests/                    Import, packaging, and report smoke checks
docs/                     Roadmap and supporting documentation
CHANGELOG.md              Release history

The public runtime includes the shared execution simulator, contract-aware portfolio ledger, portfolio-of-strategies book, and pre-trade risk controls. Hosted data, orchestration, and extended report packs remain outside this repository; see Public Scope.

The tests/ directory is intentionally kept. It is not required at runtime, but it gives the package a quick install/import/report safety check before release.

Documentation

• Windows setup - native Windows installation and strategy.bat usage without WSL.
• Roadmap - direction of travel by theme, without delivery dates or ordering commitments.
• Strategy catalog - runnable examples with source and result links.
• Contributing - how to add example strategies, fixes, and docs (fork, branch, pull request).
• Release process - clean-tag publishing and exact artifact boundary checks.

AI Co-Pilot Skills

The skills/ directory holds guidance packs for AI-assisted research. When you work with an AI coding assistant, point it at the relevant SKILL.md so it follows the engine's conventions instead of guessing:

Skill	Use it to
qj-strategy-ideas	Turn an idea into a runnable strategy — weights vs orders, the nearest example, the two-method pattern.
qj-strategy-author	Write a clean, focused example strategy.
qj-strategy-reviewer	Review a strategy for look-ahead, exposure, cost realism, and mode fit.
qj-report-analyst	Read a report and its plots and judge whether the result is trustworthy.
qj-config-helper	Configure the engine — parameters, rebalance policy, risk overlays, granularity.

For example: when writing a new strategy, open skills/qj-strategy-ideas/SKILL.md and follow the pattern; when reviewing one, use skills/qj-strategy-reviewer/SKILL.md; to make sense of the output, use skills/qj-report-analyst/SKILL.md.

Quick Start

For a full catalog of all 50 example strategies — each with a one-line description, a link to its source, and a link to its results page — see strategies/README.md or the summary below.

List available strategies:

./strategy.sh --list

On Windows use strategy.bat --list in Command Prompt or .\strategy.bat --list in PowerShell. See WINDOWS.md for the complete native Windows workflow.

Check one strategy import without credentials or a data call:

./strategy.sh example_weights_01_sma_daily --check

Run a deterministic demo without API credentials:

./strategy.sh example_weights_01_sma_daily --sample-data --output /tmp/qj-sample

Run repository checks:

pytest -q

Run a real backtest after setting credentials:

export QJ_API_KEY="..."
./strategy.sh example_weights_01_sma_daily --output /tmp/qj-reports

Run all strategies sequentially through the same launcher:

export QJ_API_KEY="..."
./strategy.sh --all --output ./reports

The batch continues after individual failures and writes per-strategy logs plus a tab-separated summary under reports/_batch/<timestamp>/. Use ./strategy.sh --all --check to import-check the full catalog without data calls.

API key auth is preferred for CLI runs. Email/password auth also works; if the auth service returns an active-session conflict, the launcher retries with replace_existing_session=true by default. Set QJ_REPLACE_EXISTING_SESSION=0 if you do not want a CLI run to replace an existing web session.

Strategy Catalog

The repository ships 50 runnable example strategies — 25 weight-based, 20 order-based, and 5 walk-forward / optimization. Each has source and results-page links in the full catalog; a summary follows.

Weight-based (25) — target-weight portfolios, market-neutral long/short, and risk overlays:

#	Strategy	Idea	Code	Results
W01	Daily SMA Trend	Hold each sector ETF while SMA(50) > SMA(200); daily rebalance	source	view
W02	Monthly ETF Trend + Drift	SMA(50/200) trend on ETFs; month-end + 5% drift band	source	view
W03	Weekly RSI Reversion	Enter RSI(14) < 35, exit RSI > 60; weekly (Fri)	source	view
W04	Quarterly Dual Momentum	Rank ETFs by 12-month return, hold top 2 if positive; quarter-end	source	view
W05	Monthly Inverse Volatility	Size each ETF by inverse 63-day volatility; month-end	source	view
W06	Signal-Change Defensive Rotation	SPY > SMA(200) -> risk-on ETFs, else defensive; on signal change	source	view
W07	Intraday RSI 15m	Equal-weight basket when RSI oversold; 15-minute bars	source	view
W08	Intraday EMA Scalp 1m	EMA(9/21) trend/cash; 1-minute bars	source	view
W09	Intraday SMA Trend 1h	SMA(10/30) trend/cash; hourly bars	source	view
W10	Monthly + Circuit Breaker	Monthly ETF trend; flatten on a 15% drawdown + cooldown	source	view
W11	Quarterly TE + Cost Gate	Momentum with tracking-error trigger and turnover budget	source	view
W12	Daily Partial Drift	Momentum tilt; trade only names past a 10% drift band	source	view
W13	Pairs Trading (Ratio Z-Score)	Market-neutral KO/PEP on a log-ratio z-score	source	view
W14	Pairs Trading (Hedge Ratio)	Market-neutral EWA/EWC on a rolling OLS hedge-ratio spread	source	view
W15	Cross-Sectional Momentum (L/S)	Long top-3 / short bottom-3 by 12-month return; monthly	source	view
W16	Cross-Sectional Reversal (L/S)	Long losers / short winners by 1-month return; weekly	source	view
W17	Vol-Targeted Trend	SMA trend basket scaled to a 10% volatility target	source	view
W18	Vol-Targeted Momentum	Momentum basket scaled to a 15% volatility target	source	view
W19	Risk Parity (Multi-Asset ERC)	Equal risk contribution across a multi-asset basket	source	view
W20	Risk Parity + Position Cap	Sector ERC chained with a 25% per-position cap	source	view
W21	Bollinger Band Reversion	Buy below the lower band, exit at the midline	source	view
W22	MACD Trend	Long while MACD is above its signal line	source	view
W23	FX Time-Series Momentum	Six-month trend across USD-quoted spot pairs; inverse-vol weights	source	view
W24	FX Cross-Sectional Momentum	Long strongest / short weakest XXX/USD pair; monthly	source	view
W25	Continuous Futures Trend Proxy	Diversified long/short trend on provider continuous series	source	view

W23-W25 are price-return research proxies. They do not apply FX lots or futures multipliers to PnL and do not model financing, margin, or controlled futures rolls.

Order-based (20) — explicit orders through the fill engine (slippage, commissions, blotter):

#	Strategy	Order type	Idea	Code	Results
O01	Market SMA Crossover	Market	Buy SMA(20) crossing above SMA(50), sell on reverse	source	view
O02	Market RSI Reversion	Market	Buy RSI(14) < 35, sell RSI > 60	source	view
O03	Limit RSI Dip Buyer	Limit	Passive buy-limit below the close on weak RSI	source	view
O04	Limit Trend Pullback	Limit	In an uptrend, wait for a 1% pullback to enter	source	view
O05	Stop Breakout Entry	Stop	Buy-stop above the recent 20-day high	source	view
O06	Protective Stop Loss	Market + Stop	Trend entry with a 5% protective stop	source	view
O07	Stop-Limit Breakout	Stop-Limit	Enter breakouts but cap the maximum fill price	source	view
O08	Stop-Limit Protection	Market + Stop-Limit	Trend entry, downside protected by a stop-limit sell	source	view
O09	Trailing Stop Trend	Trailing Stop	Trend entry, 4% trailing stop manages the exit	source	view
O10	RSI + Trailing Stop	Trailing Stop	Oversold RSI entry, 5% trailing stop for risk	source	view
O11	Trailing Stop-Limit	Trailing Stop-Limit	Trailing stop that converts to a limit on trigger	source	view
O12	Bracket Trend	Bracket	Trend entry with a +6% / -3% bracket	source	view
O13	Bracket RSI Reversion	Bracket	RSI dip with a +4% / -2% bracket	source	view
O14	OCO Dip or Breakout	OCO	Competing buy-limit (dip) and buy-stop (breakout)	source	view
O15	Intraday 5m Bracket Reversion	Bracket	Oversold-RSI dips with a tight +0.6% / -0.4% bracket; 5-min bars	source	view
O16	Intraday 30m Stop Breakout	Stop	Buy-stop above the 12-bar high, fixed holding period; 30-min bars	source	view
O17	Monthly Rotation (orders)	Market	Event-driven monthly momentum rotation, executed with orders	source	view
O18	Signal-Change Rotation (orders)	Market	Trade only on SMA trend-signal flips (no calendar)	source	view
O19	FX Momentum with Standard Lots	Market	Contract-aware whole-lot momentum on USD-quoted spot pairs	source	view
O20	Futures Donchian Contracts	Market	Whole-contract ATR sizing on provider continuous futures	source	view

O19-O20 consume provider contract specifications. Multipliers and lot sizes are applied. Cross-currency conversion, FX swaps, dated-futures selection, and controlled roll execution remain out of scope; unsupported cross-currency FX accounting is rejected rather than approximated.

Walk-forward & optimization (5) — prove a strategy generalizes:

#	Example	Idea	Code	Results
WF01	Rolling Walk-Forward	Sliding fixed-length train/test windows with a pre-OOS purge	source	view
WF02	Expanding Walk-Forward	Ever-growing training window vs sliding test window	source	view
WF03	Anchored + Pre-OOS Purging	Fixed and percentage-based exclusions before each test window	source	view
WF04	Grid Search	Exhaustive SMA fast/slow tuning scored by real backtests	source	view
WF05	Optuna TPE + Walk-Forward	Bayesian parameter search, then out-of-sample validation	source	view

WF01-WF03 default to slice_diagnostics: train/test metrics are computed from one full-period NAV so examples run quickly and remain easy to inspect. To run a fuller per-fold strategy re-run/refit, enable:

QJ_WF_MODE=per_fold_refit ./strategy.sh example_wf_01_rolling_walkforward

The logs and walk-forward summary report the active mode. Per-fold refit is slower because each fold runs the strategy again through the data/preparation pipeline. Factories receive ISO date strings, and the runner fails closed if the returned NAV escapes the requested fold bounds. Learned preprocessing must still be fitted on training data only.

extra_pre_oos_purge_pct extends the exclusion immediately before OOS; the legacy embargo_pct alias does not implement classical post-test embargo. Optimizer runs report DSR with raw/effective trial counts plus a rolling top-K rank-failure diagnostic. The latter is not canonical CSCV PBO.

WF04-WF05 are optimization workflows and should be read as selection diagnostics rather than a simple winner-takes-all backtest.

Long/short examples (W13–W16) are market-neutral; short borrow/financing is not modeled (a documented research approximation).

Data Granularity

Backtester(..., granularity="1d") remains the default. For yfinance-backed /bt/prepare data you can request historical intraday bars with values such as 1m, 5m, 15m, 30m, or 1h; numeric aliases like granularity=5 are normalized to 5m.

strategy = MyStrategy(
    api_key="...",
    instruments=["AAPL", "MSFT"],
    backtest_period={"start": "2026-06-01", "end": "2026-06-05"},
    source="yfinance",
    granularity="5m",
)

Intraday availability depends on yfinance history coverage for the requested symbols and dates.

Strategy Skeleton

import asyncio
import os
import pandas as pd

from backtester import Backtester


class MyStrategy(Backtester):
    def _compute_signals(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
        close = self.instruments_data.get_feature("adj_close")
        fast = close.rolling(20).mean()
        slow = close.rolling(60).mean()
        return ((fast > slow) & fast.notna() & slow.notna()).astype(float)

    def _compute_weights(self) -> pd.DataFrame:
        signals = self.instruments_data.get_feature(
            "strategies", self.strategy_name, "signals"
        )
        active = signals.sum(axis=1).replace(0, pd.NA)
        return signals.div(active, axis=0).fillna(0.0)

    def _compute_positions(self) -> None:
        pass


async def main() -> None:
    strategy = MyStrategy(
        api_key=os.environ["QJ_API_KEY"],
        strategy_name="sma_research",
        instruments=["AAPL", "MSFT", "NVDA"],
        backtest_period={"start": "2024-01-01", "end": "2025-01-01"},
        source="yfinance",
        granularity="1d",
        initial_capital=100_000,
    )
    await strategy.run_strategy()
    strategy.print_summary()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Reports

By default a strategy run writes outputs under reports/<strategy_name>/ or the directory passed to --output:

• summary.txt
• summary.json
• metrics.csv
• equity_curve.csv
• equity_curve.png
• dashboard.html
• selected PNG charts under plots/
• run_metadata.json

Use --no-reports when you only want calculation and run metadata:

./strategy.sh example_weights_01_sma_daily --no-reports --output /tmp/qj-reports

Assumptions & Limitations

• Example strategies are research templates, not production trading systems.
• Long/short examples do not model borrow fees, stock-loan availability, financing, or margin interest by default.
• Commissions, slippage, volume participation, and market impact are model assumptions. Treat them as part of the research contract.
• The deterministic sample dataset is illustrative. It is not historical market data and should not be used to judge strategy quality.
• Historical intraday availability depends on the upstream provider and the requested symbols, dates, and granularity.
• Walk-forward and optimization diagnostics help expose overfit risk, but a good in-sample or single out-of-sample result is not proof of robustness. Check whether a run used slice_diagnostics or per_fold_refit.

The runtime package is imported as backtester.

License

Apache License 2.0.