Replacing Graphix transpiler with graphix-jcz-transpiler

[emlynsg]

This PR takes the causal flow-based transpilation method detailed in the graphix-jcz-transpiler and adds it to Graphix, replacing the previous transpilation approach into one that is more principled and consistent with the literature [1].

Major changes include:

• Full rework of the transpiler.py module to implement $J,, CZ$ gate decomposition and use the causal-flow-based approach to construct patterns
• Addition of a $J(\alpha)$ gate to circuits, with equivalent additions to random circuits, ops and management to codebase components related to OpenQASM
• Updates to many tests to account for the new transpiler generating BlochMeasurement commands which need to be inferred as Pauli (usually for preprocessing)

[1] The Measurement Calculus
Vincent Danos, Elham Kashefi, Prakash Panangaden

[thierry-martinez]

Veriphix tests are likely being killed by the OOM killer. When running the Veriphix test suite locally, I observed that it hangs on the very first test of test_client.py. This test runs a delegated random circuit that only standardizes the pattern, without using Pauli presimulation or space minimization. There is a difficulty that I don't know how to address here: the new transpiler cannot match the performance of the original one without Pauli presimulation, but we do not yet know how to implement Pauli presimulation without setting the input.

[emlynsg]

Veriphix tests are likely being killed by the OOM killer. When running the Veriphix test suite locally, I observed that it hangs on the very first test of test_client.py. This test runs a delegated random circuit that only standardizes the pattern, without using Pauli presimulation or space minimization. There is a difficulty that I don't know how to address here: the new transpiler cannot match the performance of the original one without Pauli presimulation, but we do not yet know how to implement Pauli presimulation without setting the input.

I agree that seems to be the case. I can imagine it should work if either minimize_space or to_space_minimal_pattern are applied -- let's discuss tomorrow morning.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.89%. Comparing base (6edaaef) to head (94aea0c).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #484      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.85%   89.89%   +1.03%     
==========================================
  Files          49       49              
  Lines        7135     7065      -70     
==========================================
+ Hits         6340     6351      +11     
+ Misses        795      714      -81     

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[matulni]

Thank you, very nice work. We should be able recycle some of your ideas in TranspileSwapResult in a more general API for Circuit !

I made some minor comments (and there remain a few comments from a previous review I made to resolve).