Richer support for python syntax

[Casper Lamboo (casperlamboo)]

Main objective of this PR is to be able to parse the following value

min(extruderValues('adhesion_type'), key=('raft', 'brim', 'skirt', 'none').index)

Added support for the following syntax

• property index can now write property.index
• key word arguments can now write min(..., key=...)

NP-1167, NP-1333

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR expands the formula parser/evaluator to better match Python-like syntax by adding expr.property access (e.g., math.pi, ('a','b').index) and enabling keyword arguments for selected built-ins (e.g., min(..., key=...), round(x=..., base=...)). This supports the target expression min(extruderValues('adhesion_type'), key=('raft', 'brim', 'skirt', 'none').index).

Changes:

• Introduces PropertyAccessExpr plus parser grammar support for chained property access on variables and primary expressions.
• Adds keyword-argument parsing and evaluation via a new eval::Value::rich_fn_t (function + signature), and wires signatures into int, round, min, and math.log.
• Updates the standard environment to expose math as an object map instead of math.* flat variables; adds/updates tests accordingly.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 22 out of 22 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
tests/parser.cpp	Updates existing math-related AST expectations and adds tests for property access, tuple/list methods, and keyword args/key usage.
src/eval.cpp	Extends Value formatting/equality/truthiness/emscripten conversion for rich_fn_t and object maps.
src/env/round.cpp	Refactors round into a signature-bearing functor and keeps legacy fn_t wrapper.
src/env/min.cpp	Adds key support (callable second argument) and signature-bearing functor wrapper.
src/env/math_log.cpp	Refactors math.log into a signature-bearing functor and keeps legacy fn_t wrapper.
src/env/map.cpp	Allows map() to accept either fn_t or rich_fn_t callables.
src/env/int_fn.cpp	Refactors int into a signature-bearing functor and keeps legacy fn_t wrapper.
src/env/env.cpp	Switches math into a property-map object; registers int/min/round/math.log as rich_fn_t in std env.
src/ast/property_access_expr.cpp	Implements evaluation for property maps and built-in methods like join and index.
src/ast/fn_application_expr.cpp	Implements keyword-arg binding and invocation for rich_fn_t functions.
include/cura-formulae-engine/parser/variable_or_fn_application_grammar_or_array_indexing_grammar.h	Adds keyword-arg parsing, property-access parsing, and supports applying these to primary expressions.
include/cura-formulae-engine/parser/variable_grammar.h	Disallows . inside identifiers to enable expr.property parsing.
include/cura-formulae-engine/parser/math_expr_grammar.h	Simplifies atom parsing by delegating primaries to the variable/fn/index/property grammar.
include/cura-formulae-engine/formula.md	Updates grammar snippet to mention keyword-arg syntax.
include/cura-formulae-engine/eval.h	Adds rich_fn_t and object-map support to Value.
include/cura-formulae-engine/env/round.h	Declares RoundFunction and exported instance for signature support.
include/cura-formulae-engine/env/min.h	Declares MinFunction and exported instance for signature support.
include/cura-formulae-engine/env/math_log.h	Declares MathLogFunction and exported instance for signature support.
include/cura-formulae-engine/env/int_fn.h	Declares IntFunction and exported instance for signature support.
include/cura-formulae-engine/ast/property_access_expr.h	Declares the new PropertyAccessExpr AST node.
include/cura-formulae-engine/ast/fn_application_expr.h	Extends AST node with keyword-arg storage/comparison.
CMakeLists.txt	Enables CTest discovery and adds the new AST source file to the build.

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[Erwan MATHIEU (wawanbreton)]

Looks good ! Only a few remarks/suggestion. Of course I don't understand 100% of it, but the unit tests should be good enough to check the behavior 🙂

[Erwan MATHIEU (wawanbreton)]

For the move to be really effective, isn't it necessary to declare the arguments as move-able ? Otherwise there will be a first copy, then the copy will be moved, right ? 🤔
If this is correct, then the same remark applies to all the constructors.

Suggested change

	FnApplicationExpr(ExprPtr fn, std::vector<ExprPtr> args, std::vector<KeywordArg> kwargs = {})
	FnApplicationExpr(ExprPtr fn, std::vector<ExprPtr> && args, std::vector<KeywordArg> && kwargs = {})

[Erwan MATHIEU (wawanbreton)]

Can't the signature be empty if it has no arguments ?

[Erwan MATHIEU (wawanbreton)]

Maybe add a spdlog::error since InvalidNumberOfArguments is not super explicit ?

[Erwan MATHIEU (wawanbreton)]

Can you use the == operator of the map here ? It seems to behave the same 🤔

Suggested change

	if (map_lhs.size() != map_rhs.size())
	{
	return false;
	}
	for (const auto& [key, val_lhs] : map_lhs)
	{
	const auto it = map_rhs.find(key);
	if (it == map_rhs.end() || val_lhs != it->second)
	{
	return false;
	}
	}
	return true;
	return map_lhs == map_rhs;

[Erwan MATHIEU (wawanbreton)]

Oh also I think it would make sense to bump the version to 1.2, right ?