Support COPY TO TsFile for exporting query results in table model

iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/exception/DiskSpaceInsufficientException.java

@@ -31,4 +31,8 @@ public DiskSpaceInsufficientException(List<String> folders) {
         String.format("Can't get next folder from [%s], because they are all full.", folders),
         TSStatusCode.DISK_SPACE_INSUFFICIENT.getStatusCode());
   }
+
+  public DiskSpaceInsufficientException(String message) {
+    super(message, TSStatusCode.DISK_SPACE_INSUFFICIENT.getStatusCode());
+  }
 }

iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/queryengine/execution/operator/process/copyto/CopyToOptions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iotdb.db.queryengine.execution.operator.process.copyto;
+
+import org.apache.iotdb.commons.schema.column.ColumnHeader;
+import org.apache.iotdb.db.exception.sql.SemanticException;
+import org.apache.iotdb.db.queryengine.execution.operator.process.copyto.tsfile.CopyToTsFileOptions;
+import org.apache.iotdb.db.queryengine.plan.relational.analyzer.Analysis;
+import org.apache.iotdb.db.queryengine.plan.relational.planner.RelationPlan;
+import org.apache.iotdb.db.queryengine.plan.relational.planner.Symbol;
+
+import org.apache.tsfile.utils.Accountable;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for COPY TO command options.
+ *
+ * <p>This interface defines the configuration for COPY TO operations, including target format,
+ * target table name, column mappings, and memory management. Implementations provide
+ * format-specific validation and inference logic.
+ */
+public interface CopyToOptions extends Accountable {
+
+  /**
+   * Infers and validates options based on query analysis and relation plan.
+   *
+   * <p>This method is called during analysis phase to fill in default values and validate
+   * user-specified options against the query structure. For example, it can infer the target time
+   * column from the query's time column if not explicitly specified.
+   *
+   * @param analysis the query analysis containing metadata about the query
+   * @param queryRelationPlan the logical relation plan of the inner query
+   * @param columnHeaders the column headers from the query result
+   */
+  void infer(Analysis analysis, RelationPlan queryRelationPlan, List<ColumnHeader> columnHeaders);
+
+  /**
+   * Validates the options against the actual column schema.
+   *
+   * <p>This method is called after planning to ensure the specified options (e.g., target columns,
+   * tags) are valid for the given output schema.
+   *
+   * @param columnHeaders the column headers of the query result
+   * @throws SemanticException if validation fails
+   */
+  void check(List<ColumnHeader> columnHeaders);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the response column headers for the result set.
+   *
+   * <p>These headers describe the columns that will be returned to the client after the COPY TO
+   * operation completes (e.g., file path, row count).
+   *
+   * @return list of column headers for the response
+   */
+  List<ColumnHeader> getRespColumnHeaders();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the output symbols that represent the columns in the COPY TO result.
+   *
+   * @return list of symbols for the output columns
+   */
+  List<Symbol> getOutputSymbols();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the output column names for the result.
+   *
+   * @return list of column names
+   */
+  List<String> getOutputColumnNames();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the target output format.
+   *
+   * @return the format enum value
+   */
+  Format getFormat();
+
+  /**
+   * Estimates the maximum memory usage in bytes required for writing.
+   *
+   * <p>This is used for memory management and determining whether to flush data to disk.
+   *
+   * @return estimated maximum memory usage in bytes
+   */
+  long estimatedMaxRamBytesInWrite();
+
+  /** Supported output formats for COPY TO command. */
+  enum Format {
+    /** TsFile format output. */
+    TSFILE,
+  }
+
+  class Builder {
+    private CopyToOptions.Format format = CopyToOptions.Format.TSFILE;
+    private String targetTableName = null;
+    private String targetTimeColumn = null;
+    private Set<String> targetTagColumns = null;
+    private long memoryThreshold = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    public Builder withFormat(CopyToOptions.Format format) {
+      this.format = format;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withTargetTableName(String targetTableName) {
+      this.targetTableName = targetTableName;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withTargetTimeColumn(String targetTimeColumn) {
+      this.targetTimeColumn = targetTimeColumn;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withTargetTagColumns(Set<String> targetTagColumns) {
+      this.targetTagColumns = targetTagColumns;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder withMemoryThreshold(long memoryThreshold) {
+      if (memoryThreshold <= 0) {
+        throw new SemanticException("The memory threshold must be greater than 0.");
+      }
+      this.memoryThreshold = memoryThreshold;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public CopyToOptions build() {
+      switch (format) {
+        case TSFILE:
+        default:
+          return new CopyToTsFileOptions(
+              targetTableName, targetTimeColumn, targetTagColumns, memoryThreshold);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

iotdb-core/datanode/src/main/java/org/apache/iotdb/db/queryengine/execution/operator/process/copyto/IFormatCopyToWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.iotdb.db.queryengine.execution.operator.process.copyto;
+
+import org.apache.tsfile.read.common.block.TsBlock;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for writing query results to external storage formats.
+ *
+ * <p>This interface abstracts the writing logic so that different output formats (e.g., TsFile,
+ * CSV) can be supported. Each implementation handles format-specific operations like encoding,
+ * schema definition, and file sealing.
+ */
+public interface IFormatCopyToWriter {
+
+  /**
+   * Writes a TsBlock containing query results to the target storage.
+   *
+   * @param tsBlock the data block to write, containing rows of query results
+   * @throws Exception if write fails (e.g., IO error, encoding error)
+   */
+  void write(TsBlock tsBlock) throws Exception;
+
+  /**
+   * Builds a TsBlock containing metadata or summary information about the written data.
+   *
+   * <p>This is typically called after all data has been written to return information about the
+   * output, such as file paths, row counts, or statistics.
+   *
+   * @return a TsBlock containing result metadata, or null if no result is needed
+   */
+  TsBlock buildResultTsBlock();
+
+  /**
+   * Finalizes the writing process and prepares the file for reading.
+   *
+   * <p>This method ensures all data is flushed to disk and necessary footer/headers are written.
+   * After seal() is called, no more data should be written.
+   *
+   * @throws Exception if sealing fails
+   */
+  void seal() throws Exception;
+
+  /**
+   * Closes the writer and releases all resources.
+   *
+   * <p>This method should be called after seal() to ensure proper cleanup of file handles, buffers,
+   * and other resources.
+   *
+   * @throws IOException if close fails
+   */
+  void close() throws IOException;
+}