[DCP] Adds JSON-LD Support to the ingestion pipeline

pipeline/ingestion/src/main/java/org/datacommons/ingestion/pipeline/GraphIngestionPipeline.java

@@ -87,13 +87,17 @@ public static void buildPipeline(
     for (JsonElement element : jsonArray) {
       JsonElement importElement = element.getAsJsonObject().get("importName");
       JsonElement pathElement = element.getAsJsonObject().get("graphPath");
-
-      if (isJsonNullOrEmpty(importElement) || isJsonNullOrEmpty(pathElement)) {
-        LOGGER.error("Invalid import input json: {}", element.toString());
+      if (isJsonNullOrEmpty(importElement)) {
+        LOGGER.error("Invalid import input json, missing importName: {}", element.toString());
         continue;
       }
       String importName = importElement.getAsString();
-      String graphPath = pathElement.getAsString();
+      String graphPath = isJsonNullOrEmpty(pathElement) ? null : pathElement.getAsString();
+
+      if (graphPath == null) {
+        LOGGER.error("Invalid import input json, missing graphPath: {}", element.toString());
+        continue;
+      }
 
       // Process the individual import.
       processImport(pipeline, spannerClient, importName, graphPath, options.getSkipDelete());
@@ -141,12 +145,22 @@ private static void processImport(
               "CreateEmptyEdgesWait-" + importName, Create.empty(TypeDescriptor.of(Void.class)));
     }
 
-    // 2. Read and Split Graph:
-    // Read the graph data (TFRecord or MCF files) and split into schema and observation nodes.
-    PCollection<McfGraph> graph =
-        graphPath.contains("tfrecord")
-            ? PipelineUtils.readMcfGraph(importName, graphPath, pipeline)
-            : PipelineUtils.readMcfFiles(importName, graphPath, pipeline);
+    PCollection<McfGraph> graph;
+    switch (PipelineUtils.resolveFormat(graphPath)) {
+      case TFRECORD:
+        graph = PipelineUtils.readMcfGraph(importName, graphPath, pipeline);
+        break;
+      case JSONLD:
+        graph = PipelineUtils.readJsonLdFiles(importName, graphPath, pipeline);
+        break;
+      case MCF:
+        graph = PipelineUtils.readMcfFiles(importName, graphPath, pipeline);
+        break;
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Invalid import config: missing graphPath or template/csv paths");
+    }
+
     PCollectionTuple graphNodes = PipelineUtils.splitGraph(importName, graph);
     PCollection<McfGraph> observationNodes = graphNodes.get(PipelineUtils.OBSERVATION_NODES_TAG);
     PCollection<McfGraph> schemaNodes = graphNodes.get(PipelineUtils.SCHEMA_NODES_TAG);
@@ -181,9 +195,11 @@ private static void processImport(
         spannerClient.writeMutations(pipeline, "WriteNodesToSpanner-" + importName, nodeMutations);
 
     // Write Edges (wait for Nodes write and Edges delete)
-    edgeMutations.apply(
-        "EdgesWaitOn-" + importName, Wait.on(List.of(writtenNodes.getOutput(), deleteEdgesWait)));
-    spannerClient.writeMutations(pipeline, "WriteEdgesToSpanner-" + importName, edgeMutations);
+    PCollection<Mutation> waitingEdges =
+        edgeMutations.apply(
+            "EdgesWaitOn-" + importName,
+            Wait.on(List.of(writtenNodes.getOutput(), deleteEdgesWait)));
+    spannerClient.writeMutations(pipeline, "WriteEdgesToSpanner-" + importName, waitingEdges);
 
     // 4. Process Observation Nodes:
     // Build an optimized graph from observation nodes and convert to Observation mutations.
@@ -193,9 +209,9 @@ private static void processImport(
         GraphReader.graphToObservations(optimizedGraph, importName, spannerClient, obsCounter)
             .apply("ExtractObsMutations-" + importName, Values.create());
     // Write Observations (wait for Obs delete)
-    observationMutations.apply("ObsWaitOn-" + importName, Wait.on(deleteObsWait));
+    PCollection<Mutation> waitingObs =
+        observationMutations.apply("ObsWaitOn-" + importName, Wait.on(deleteObsWait));
 
-    spannerClient.writeMutations(
-        pipeline, "WriteObservationsToSpanner-" + importName, observationMutations);
+    spannerClient.writeMutations(pipeline, "WriteObservationsToSpanner-" + importName, waitingObs);
   }
 }

pipeline/util/src/main/java/org/datacommons/ingestion/util/PipelineUtils.java

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.nio.channels.Channels;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Comparator;
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@
 import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
 import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileIO;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.TFRecordIO;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.TextIO;
 import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.fs.EmptyMatchTreatment;
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@
 import org.datacommons.proto.Mcf.McfOptimizedGraph;
 import org.datacommons.proto.Mcf.McfStatVarObsSeries;
 import org.datacommons.util.GraphUtils;
+import org.datacommons.util.parser.jsonld.JsonLdParser;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
@@ -162,6 +166,55 @@ public McfGraph apply(String input) {
     return mcf;
   }
 
+  // Input file formats supported by the ingestion pipeline.
+  public enum InputFormat {
+    JSONLD,
+    TFRECORD,
+    MCF
+  }
+
+  /** Resolves the input format based on the file path. */
+  public static InputFormat resolveFormat(String graphPath) {
+    if (graphPath == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("graphPath cannot be null");
+    }
+    if (graphPath.contains("tfrecord")) {
+      return InputFormat.TFRECORD;
+    }
+    if (graphPath.endsWith(".jsonld")) {
+      return InputFormat.JSONLD;
+    }
+    // Fallback to MCF as default behavior
+    return InputFormat.MCF;
+  }
+
+  /** Reads JSON-LD files and converts them to McfGraph protos. */
+  public static PCollection<McfGraph> readJsonLdFiles(String name, String files, Pipeline p) {
+    return p.apply("MatchJsonLdFiles-" + name, FileIO.match().filepattern(files))
+        .apply("ReadJsonLdFiles-" + name, FileIO.readMatches())
+        .apply(
+            "ParseJsonLd-" + name,
+            ParDo.of(
+                new DoFn<FileIO.ReadableFile, McfGraph>() {
+                  @ProcessElement
+                  public void processElement(
+                      @Element FileIO.ReadableFile file, OutputReceiver<McfGraph> receiver) {
+                    try (InputStream is = Channels.newInputStream(file.open())) {
+                      McfGraph graph = JsonLdParser.parse(is);
+                      for (Map.Entry<String, org.datacommons.proto.Mcf.McfGraph.PropertyValues>
+                          entry : graph.getNodesMap().entrySet()) {
+                        McfGraph.Builder singleNodeGraph = McfGraph.newBuilder();
+                        singleNodeGraph.putNodes(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+                        receiver.output(singleNodeGraph.build());
+                      }
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                      throw new RuntimeException(
+                          "Failed to parse JSON-LD file: " + file.toString(), e);
+                    }
+                  }
+                }));
+  }
+
   public static PCollectionTuple splitGraph(String name, PCollection<McfGraph> graph) {
     return graph.apply(
         "SplitGraph-" + name,

pipeline/util/src/test/java/org/datacommons/ingestion/util/PipelineUtilsTest.java

@@ -180,6 +180,59 @@ public void testCombineGraphNodes() {
     Assert.assertEquals(PipelineResult.State.DONE, state);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testReadJsonLdFiles() throws java.io.IOException {
+    options.setStableUniqueNames(PipelineOptions.CheckEnabled.OFF);
+
+    java.nio.file.Path tempFile = java.nio.file.Files.createTempFile("test", ".jsonld");
+    String jsonLdContent =
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@context\": {\n"
+            + "    \"schema\": \"https://schema.org/\",\n"
+            + "    \"name\": \"https://schema.org/name\"\n"
+            + "  },\n"
+            + "  \"@graph\": [\n"
+            + "    {\n"
+            + "      \"@id\": \"dcid:TestNode\",\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"schema:Thing\",\n"
+            + "      \"name\": \"Test Node Name\"\n"
+            + "    }\n"
+            + "  ]\n"
+            + "}";
+    java.nio.file.Files.write(
+        tempFile, jsonLdContent.getBytes(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+
+    PCollection<McfGraph> result = PipelineUtils.readJsonLdFiles("test", tempFile.toString(), p);
+
+    McfGraph.Builder expectedGraph = McfGraph.newBuilder();
+    PropertyValues.Builder pv = PropertyValues.newBuilder();
+    pv.putPvs(
+        "typeOf",
+        Values.newBuilder()
+            .addTypedValues(
+                TypedValue.newBuilder().setValue("Thing").setType(ValueType.RESOLVED_REF))
+            .build());
+    pv.putPvs(
+        "dcid",
+        Values.newBuilder()
+            .addTypedValues(
+                TypedValue.newBuilder().setValue("dcid:TestNode").setType(ValueType.TEXT))
+            .build());
+    pv.putPvs(
+        "name",
+        Values.newBuilder()
+            .addTypedValues(
+                TypedValue.newBuilder().setValue("Test Node Name").setType(ValueType.TEXT))
+            .build());
+    expectedGraph.putNodes("dcid:TestNode", pv.build());
+
+    PAssert.that(result).containsInAnyOrder(expectedGraph.build());
+    PipelineResult.State state = p.run().waitUntilFinish();
+    Assert.assertEquals(PipelineResult.State.DONE, state);
+
+    java.nio.file.Files.delete(tempFile);
+  }
+
   private McfGraph createGraph(Map<String, Map<String, List<String>>> nodeData) {
     McfGraph.Builder graph = McfGraph.newBuilder();
     for (Map.Entry<String, Map<String, List<String>>> nodeEntry : nodeData.entrySet()) {

tool/src/main/java/org/datacommons/tool/Args.java

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.Strings;
 import org.datacommons.proto.Debug;
 import org.datacommons.util.FileGroup;
+import org.datacommons.util.JsonLdFileGroup;
 import org.datacommons.util.LogWrapper;
+import org.datacommons.util.McfFileGroup;
 
 // Class representing the command line arguments to dc-import tool. Largely used as a struct.
 class Args {
@@ -75,14 +77,24 @@ public Debug.CommandArgs toProto() {
     if (!LogWrapper.TEST_MODE && fileGroup != null) {
       List<String> allFiles = new ArrayList<>();
 
-      if (fileGroup.getMcfs() != null) {
-        for (File f : fileGroup.getMcfs()) {
-          allFiles.add(f.getPath());
+      if (fileGroup instanceof McfFileGroup) {
+        McfFileGroup mcfGroup = (McfFileGroup) fileGroup;
+        if (mcfGroup.getMcfs() != null) {
+          for (File f : mcfGroup.getMcfs()) {
+            allFiles.add(f.getPath());
+          }
         }
-      }
-      if (fileGroup.getTmcfs() != null) {
-        for (File f : fileGroup.getTmcfs()) {
-          allFiles.add(f.getPath());
+        if (mcfGroup.getTmcfs() != null) {
+          for (File f : mcfGroup.getTmcfs()) {
+            allFiles.add(f.getPath());
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (fileGroup instanceof JsonLdFileGroup) {
+        JsonLdFileGroup jsonLdGroup = (JsonLdFileGroup) fileGroup;
+        if (jsonLdGroup.getJsonLds() != null) {
+          for (File f : jsonLdGroup.getJsonLds()) {
+            allFiles.add(f.getPath());
+          }
         }
       }
       if (fileGroup.getCsvs() != null) {

tool/src/main/java/org/datacommons/tool/Lint.java

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 import org.datacommons.util.FileGroup;
 import picocli.CommandLine;
 
-@CommandLine.Command(name = "lint", description = "Run various checks on input MCF/TMCF/CSV files")
+@CommandLine.Command(
+    name = "lint",
+    description = "Run various checks on input MCF/TMCF/CSV/JSON-LD files")
 class Lint implements Callable<Integer> {
   private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Lint.class);
 
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ class Lint implements Callable<Integer> {
       description =
           ("List of input files. The file extensions are used to infer the format. "
               + "Valid extensions include .mcf for Instance MCF, .tmcf for Template MCF, "
+              + ".jsonld for JSON-LD instances, "
               + ".csv for tabular text files delimited by comma (overridden with -d), and .tsv "
               + "for tab-delimited tabular files."))
   private File[] files;