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DCC Bus & Feeder Calculator

Free model railroad DCC bus wire gauge and feeder spacing calculator. Estimate voltage drop, get wiring fixes, and plan N, HO, O, or G scale layouts before you solder track.

A fast, single-page web tool for model railroaders planning DCC wiring. Type your scale, bus length, gauge, and feeders — get an instant voltage-drop estimate, a risk verdict (Safe / Acceptable / Borderline / Risky), and a punch list of fixes.

Live: https://dcc-bus-feeder-calculator.vercel.app/


Features

  • Voltage drop estimator using standard copper AWG resistance tables and the full out-and-back electrical path.
  • Scale-aware defaults for N, HO, O, G, and Custom — voltage, target drop %, and feeder spacing.
  • Risk classification — Safe, Acceptable, Borderline, Risky — based on percent drop.
  • End-fed vs. center-fed bus modeling so you can see what halving the run actually buys you.
  • Bus type penalty for tinned copper (small but real practical difference).
  • Plain-English fixes — heavier gauge, more feeders, center-feed, split into districts, add a booster.
  • Shopping checklist of materials that match the wiring plan.
  • No backend, no accounts, no tracking. Runs entirely in the browser.

Who this is for

  • Model railroaders sizing bus wire before a wire order.
  • Builders troubleshooting stalls, decoder glitches, or dim headlights on long runs.
  • Anyone deciding between 14 AWG and 12 AWG bus, or 18 AWG and 22 AWG feeders.

Run locally

npm install
npm run dev

Build

npm run build
npm run preview

How the math works

Voltage drop = Current × Resistance
Resistance   = (effective bus length × 2) × AWG resistance/ft × bus-type factor
             + (feeder length × 2)        × AWG resistance/ft
Drop %       = (Voltage drop / DCC voltage) × 100
  • Effective bus length is halved when center-fed (the farthest run is half the total).
  • Out-and-back doubles the conductor length, because current goes through two wires.
  • AWG resistance uses standard reference values at ~20°C, ohms per 1000 ft, for 10–22 AWG copper.
  • Assumed load is capped per scale so tiny beginner layouts don't get scared off by a 5 A booster.

What this does not model

Dirty rail, weak solder joints, oxidized rail joiners, contact resistance, decoder sensitivity, poor wheel pickup, or feeder parallel behavior. Treat the result as a wiring-plan check, not a guarantee.


Safe wording (for embedding / sharing)

Based on standard copper resistance, this configuration meets common DCC power stability guidelines. Does not account for connection quality or dirty track.


Tech stack


Suggested GitHub topics

When publishing on GitHub, add these topics to the repo for discovery:

dcc, model-railroad, model-trains, model-railway, wiring-calculator,
voltage-drop, awg, bus-wire, feeder-spacing, ho-scale, n-scale, o-scale,
g-scale, calculator, react, vite, typescript, electronics, hobby

Credits

Built by Jacob Britten.

Releases

No releases published

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Contributors