test: wait for reattach before initial break on restart

[inoway46]

restart can return to the prompt before the debugger reattaches and emits the
initial break. That leaves a race in these tests, which still flakes on macOS
unusual-path runs.

This change waits for Debugger attached. and the prompt before
waitForInitialBreak().

CI failed logs:

• test/parallel/test-debugger-run-after-quit-restart.js:61
  • https://github.com/nodejs/node/actions/runs/23221018730
• test/parallel/test-debugger-preserve-breaks.js:32
  • https://github.com/nodejs/node/actions/runs/21915213108

Refs: #61762

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.71%. Comparing base (e78ccd8) to head (6c8f70e).
⚠️ Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #62471      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.70%   89.71%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         691      691              
  Lines      213935   213953      +18     
  Branches    41050    41043       -7     
==========================================
+ Hits       191907   191948      +41     
+ Misses      14095    14085      -10     
+ Partials     7933     7920      -13     

see 51 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/72169/

[inoway46]

This failure appears unrelated to the changes in this PR. Could someone please rerun the CI?
https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-commit-arm/nodes=ubuntu2404-arm64/62686/testReport/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/72180/