Add bindings command-line option for build-image goal

build-plugin/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/docs/antora/modules/gradle-plugin/pages/packaging-oci-image.adoc

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Buildpack references must be in one of the following forms:
 | None, indicating the builder should use the buildpacks included in it.
 
 | `bindings`
-|
+| `--bindings`
 a|https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/[Volume bind mounts] that should be mounted to the builder container when building the image.
 The bindings will be passed unparsed and unvalidated to Docker when creating the builder container.
 Bindings must be in one of the following forms:
@@ -192,6 +192,9 @@ Where `<options>` can contain:
 * `ro` to mount the volume as read-only in the container
 * `rw` to mount the volume as readable and writable in the container
 * `volume-opt=key=value` to specify key-value pairs consisting of an option name and its value
+
+Bindings provided using the `--bindings` command-line option are added to those configured in the build script.
+When a command-line binding shares its container destination path with a configured binding, the command-line binding takes precedence.
 |
 
 | `network`

build-plugin/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/tasks/bundling/BootBuildImage.java

@@ -17,10 +17,13 @@
 package org.springframework.boot.gradle.tasks.bundling;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import org.gradle.api.Action;
 import org.gradle.api.DefaultTask;
@@ -108,6 +111,20 @@ public BootBuildImage() {
 		getSecurityOptions().convention((Iterable<? extends String>) null);
 		getEffectiveEnvironment().putAll(getEnvironment());
 		getEffectiveEnvironment().putAll(getEnvironmentFromCommandLine().map(BootBuildImage::asMap));
+		getEffectiveBindings().set(getBindings().zip(getBindingsFromCommandLine(), BootBuildImage::mergeBindings));
+	}
+
+	private static List<String> mergeBindings(List<String> bindings, List<String> bindingsFromCommandLine) {
+		Set<String> commandLineContainerDestinationPaths = bindingsFromCommandLine.stream()
+			.map((binding) -> Binding.of(binding).getContainerDestinationPath())
+			.collect(Collectors.toSet());
+		List<String> merged = new ArrayList<>();
+		bindings.stream()
+			.filter((binding) -> !commandLineContainerDestinationPaths
+				.contains(Binding.of(binding).getContainerDestinationPath()))
+			.forEach(merged::add);
+		merged.addAll(bindingsFromCommandLine);
+		return merged;
 	}
 
 	private static Map<String, String> asMap(List<String> variables) {
@@ -252,9 +269,23 @@ public void setPullPolicy(String pullPolicy) {
 	 * image.
 	 * @return the bindings
 	 */
+	@Internal
+	public abstract ListProperty<String> getBindings();
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the volume bindings contributed from the command line. Added bindings take
+	 * precedence over configured bindings that share the same container destination path.
+	 * @return the bindings from the command line
+	 * @since 4.1.1
+	 */
+	@Internal
+	@Option(option = "bindings", description = "Volume bind mounts that will be mounted to the builder container. "
+			+ "Can be specified multiple times.")
+	abstract ListProperty<String> getBindingsFromCommandLine();
+
 	@Input
 	@Optional
-	public abstract ListProperty<String> getBindings();
+	abstract ListProperty<String> getEffectiveBindings();
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the tags that will be created for the built image.
@@ -479,7 +510,7 @@ private BuildRequest customizeBuildpacks(BuildRequest request) {
 	}
 
 	private BuildRequest customizeBindings(BuildRequest request) {
-		List<String> bindings = getBindings().getOrNull();
+		List<String> bindings = getEffectiveBindings().getOrNull();
 		if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(bindings)) {
 			return request.withBindings(bindings.stream().map(Binding::of).toList());
 		}

build-plugin/spring-boot-gradle-plugin/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/gradle/tasks/bundling/BootBuildImageTests.java

@@ -291,6 +291,30 @@ void whenIndividualEntriesAreAddedToBindingsThenRequestHasBindings() {
 			.containsExactly(Binding.of("host-src:container-dest:ro"), Binding.of("volume-name:container-dest:rw"));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void whenBindingsAreSetOnTheCommandLineAndNoneAreConfiguredThenRequestHasCommandLineBindings() {
+		this.buildImage.getBindingsFromCommandLine().add("host-src:container-a:ro");
+		this.buildImage.getBindingsFromCommandLine().add("volume-name:container-b:rw");
+		assertThat(this.buildImage.createRequest().getBindings()).containsExactly(Binding.of("host-src:container-a:ro"),
+				Binding.of("volume-name:container-b:rw"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenBindingsAreSetOnTheCommandLineThenTheyAreAddedToConfiguredBindings() {
+		this.buildImage.getBindings().set(Arrays.asList("host-src:container-a:ro"));
+		this.buildImage.getBindingsFromCommandLine().add("volume-name:container-b:rw");
+		assertThat(this.buildImage.createRequest().getBindings()).containsExactly(Binding.of("host-src:container-a:ro"),
+				Binding.of("volume-name:container-b:rw"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void whenBindingsFromTheCommandLineShareContainerPathWithConfiguredBindingThenCommandLineTakesPrecedence() {
+		this.buildImage.getBindings().set(Arrays.asList("host-src:container-a:ro", "volume-name:container-b:ro"));
+		this.buildImage.getBindingsFromCommandLine().add("other-volume:container-b:rw");
+		assertThat(this.buildImage.createRequest().getBindings()).containsExactly(Binding.of("host-src:container-a:ro"),
+				Binding.of("other-volume:container-b:rw"));
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void whenNetworkIsConfiguredThenRequestHasNetwork() {
 		this.buildImage.getNetwork().set("test");

build-plugin/spring-boot-maven-plugin/src/docs/antora/modules/maven-plugin/pages/build-image.adoc

@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@ Buildpack references must be in one of the following forms:
 * Buildpack in an OCI image - `[docker://]<host>/<repo>[:<tag>][@<digest>]`
 | None, indicating the builder should use the buildpacks included in it.
 
-| `bindings`
+| `bindings` +
+(`spring-boot.build-image.bindings`)
 a|https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/[Volume bind mounts] that should be mounted to the builder container when building the image.
 The bindings will be passed unparsed and unvalidated to Docker when creating the builder container.
 Bindings must be in one of the following forms:
@@ -208,6 +209,9 @@ Where `<options>` can contain:
 * `ro` to mount the volume as read-only in the container
 * `rw` to mount the volume as readable and writable in the container
 * `volume-opt=key=value` to specify key-value pairs consisting of an option name and its value
+
+Bindings provided on the command line are added to the bindings configured in the `pom.xml`.
+When a command-line binding shares its container destination path with a configured binding, the command-line binding takes precedence.
 |
 
 | `network` + (`spring-boot.build-image.network`)

build-plugin/spring-boot-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/maven/BuildImageMojo.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import java.util.function.Function;
@@ -191,6 +192,15 @@ public abstract class BuildImageMojo extends AbstractPackagerMojo {
 	@Parameter(property = "spring-boot.build-image.imagePlatform")
 	@Nullable String imagePlatform;
 
+	/**
+	 * Alias for {@link Image#bindings} to support configuration through command-line
+	 * property.
+	 * @since 4.1.1
+	 */
+	@Parameter(property = "spring-boot.build-image.bindings")
+	@SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // maven-maven-plugin can't handle annotated arrays
+	String[] bindings;
+
 	/**
 	 * Docker configuration options.
 	 * @since 2.4.0
@@ -306,6 +316,9 @@ private BuildRequest getBuildRequest(Libraries libraries) {
 		if (image.imagePlatform == null && this.imagePlatform != null) {
 			image.setImagePlatform(this.imagePlatform);
 		}
+		if (this.bindings != null && this.bindings.length > 0) {
+			image.addBindings(Arrays.asList(this.bindings));
+		}
 		return customize(image.getBuildRequest(this.project.getArtifact(), content));
 	}
 

build-plugin/spring-boot-maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/maven/Image.java

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.maven;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import org.apache.maven.artifact.Artifact;
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -188,6 +191,26 @@ void setPublish(@Nullable Boolean publish) {
 		this.publish = publish;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Adds the given bindings to the existing bindings, with the added bindings taking
+	 * precedence over existing bindings that share the same container destination path.
+	 * @param bindings the bindings to add
+	 */
+	void addBindings(List<String> bindings) {
+		List<String> merged = new ArrayList<>();
+		if (this.bindings != null) {
+			Set<String> addedContainerDestinationPaths = bindings.stream()
+				.map((binding) -> Binding.of(binding).getContainerDestinationPath())
+				.collect(Collectors.toSet());
+			this.bindings.stream()
+				.filter((binding) -> !addedContainerDestinationPaths
+					.contains(Binding.of(binding).getContainerDestinationPath()))
+				.forEach(merged::add);
+		}
+		merged.addAll(bindings);
+		this.bindings = merged;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns the network the build container will connect to.
 	 * @return the network

build-plugin/spring-boot-maven-plugin/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/maven/ImageTests.java

@@ -180,6 +180,35 @@ void getBuildRequestWhenHasBindingsUsesBindings() {
 				Binding.of("volume-name:container-dest:rw"));
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void getBuildRequestWhenAddBindingsAndHasNoBindingsUsesAddedBindings() {
+		Image image = new Image();
+		image.addBindings(Arrays.asList("host-src:container-a:ro", "volume-name:container-b:rw"));
+		BuildRequest request = image.getBuildRequest(createArtifact(), mockApplicationContent());
+		assertThat(request.getBindings()).containsExactly(Binding.of("host-src:container-a:ro"),
+				Binding.of("volume-name:container-b:rw"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void getBuildRequestWhenAddBindingsAddsToExistingBindings() {
+		Image image = new Image();
+		image.bindings = Arrays.asList("host-src:container-a:ro");
+		image.addBindings(Arrays.asList("volume-name:container-b:rw"));
+		BuildRequest request = image.getBuildRequest(createArtifact(), mockApplicationContent());
+		assertThat(request.getBindings()).containsExactly(Binding.of("host-src:container-a:ro"),
+				Binding.of("volume-name:container-b:rw"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void getBuildRequestWhenAddBindingsWithMatchingContainerPathOverridesExistingBinding() {
+		Image image = new Image();
+		image.bindings = Arrays.asList("host-src:container-a:ro", "volume-name:container-b:ro");
+		image.addBindings(Arrays.asList("other-volume:container-b:rw"));
+		BuildRequest request = image.getBuildRequest(createArtifact(), mockApplicationContent());
+		assertThat(request.getBindings()).containsExactly(Binding.of("host-src:container-a:ro"),
+				Binding.of("other-volume:container-b:rw"));
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void getBuildRequestWhenNetworkUsesNetwork() {
 		Image image = new Image();

buildpack/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/Binding.java

@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@ public boolean usesSensitiveContainerPath() {
 	/**
 	 * Returns the container destination path.
 	 * @return the container destination path
+	 * @since 4.1.1
 	 */
-	String getContainerDestinationPath() {
+	public String getContainerDestinationPath() {
 		List<String> parts = getParts();
 		Assert.state(parts.size() >= 2, () -> "Expected 2 or more parts, but found %d".formatted(parts.size()));
 		return parts.get(1);