Classes

src/additions/test_generators.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-"""Generators.
 
+"""Generators.
 @see: https://www.learnpython.org/en/Generators
 
 Generators are used to create iterators, but with a different approach. Generators are simple

src/classes/test_inheritance.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 of the same code, inheritance allows a derived class to reuse the same code and modify accordingly
 """
 
-
 # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
 class Person:
     """Example of the base class"""
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ class Employee(Person):
     in the global scope.)
     """
     def __init__(self, name, staff_id):
-        Person.__init__(self, name)
+        super().__init__(name)
         # You may also use super() here in order to avoid explicit using of parent class name:
         # >>> super().__init__(name)
         self.staff_id = staff_id
@@ -47,20 +46,26 @@ def get_full_id(self):
         """Get full employee id"""
         return self.get_name() + ', ' + self.staff_id
 
-
+class Manager(Employee):
+    def __init__(self, name, staff_id, department ):
+        super().__init__(name, staff_id)
+        self.department = department
 def test_inheritance():
     """Inheritance."""
 
     # There’s nothing special about instantiation of derived classes: DerivedClassName() creates a
     # new instance of the class. Method references are resolved as follows: the corresponding class
     # attribute is searched, descending down the chain of base classes if necessary, and the method
     # reference is valid if this yields a function object.
-    person = Person('Bill')
-    employee = Employee('John', 'A23')
+    person = Person('Jack')
+    employee = Employee('John', 'A1')
+    manager = Manager('Ali', 'A3', 'Finance')
 
-    assert person.get_name() == 'Bill'
+    assert person.get_name() == 'Jack'
     assert employee.get_name() == 'John'
-    assert employee.get_full_id() == 'John, A23'
+    assert manager.get_name() == 'Ali'
+    employee.name = 'Bill'
+    assert employee.get_full_id() == 'Bill, A1'
 
     # Python has two built-in functions that work with inheritance:
     #
@@ -76,6 +81,7 @@ def test_inheritance():
 
     assert isinstance(person, Person)
     assert isinstance(employee, Person)
+    assert  not isinstance(employee, Manager)
 
     assert issubclass(Employee, Person)
     assert not issubclass(Person, Employee)

src/classes/test_instance_objects.py

@@ -26,5 +26,8 @@ class DummyClass:
 
     # pylint: disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
     dummy_instance.temporary_attribute = 1
+    dummy_instance.name = "Dummy"
     assert dummy_instance.temporary_attribute == 1
+    assert dummy_instance.name == "Dummy"
     del dummy_instance.temporary_attribute
+

src/classes/test_method_objects.py

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ def test_method_objects():
     # calling a method with a list of n arguments is equivalent to calling the corresponding
     # function with an argument list that is created by inserting the method’s instance object
     # before the first argument.
-
-    assert counter.get_counter() == 10
-    assert MyCounter.get_counter(counter) == 10
+    counter.increment_counter()
+    new_counter = MyCounter()
+    assert counter.get_counter() == 11
+    assert MyCounter.get_counter(new_counter) == 10

src/classes/test_multiple_inheritance.py

@@ -9,13 +9,19 @@
 
 def test_multiple_inheritance():
     """Multiple Inheritance"""
-
+    class Parent:
+        temp="Dummy variable"
     # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
-    class Clock:
+
+    class Clock(Parent):
         """Clock class"""
 
         time = '11:23 PM'
 
+        def get_parent_data(self):
+            self.temp = "Parent from clock class"
+            return self.temp
+
         def get_time(self):
             """Get current time
 
@@ -24,11 +30,15 @@ def get_time(self):
             return self.time
 
     # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
-    class Calendar:
+    class Calendar(Parent):
         """Calendar class"""
 
         date = '12/08/2018'
 
+        def get_parent_data(self):
+            self.temp = "Parent from calender class"
+            return self.temp
+
         def get_date(self):
             """Get current date
 
@@ -63,6 +73,23 @@ class where there is an overlap in the hierarchy. Thus, if an attribute is not f
         """
 
     calendar_clock = CalendarClock()
-
     assert calendar_clock.get_date() == '12/08/2018'
     assert calendar_clock.get_time() == '11:23 PM'
+    assert calendar_clock.get_parent_data() == 'Parent from clock class'
+
+    class Animal:
+        def print_nature(self):
+            return 'I am an animal'
+
+    class LandHabitant():
+        def print_charateristics(self):
+            return 'I am a LandHabitant creation'
+
+
+    class Tiger(Animal, LandHabitant):
+        pass
+
+    tiger = Tiger()
+
+    assert tiger.print_nature() == 'I am an animal'
+    assert tiger.print_charateristics() == 'I am a LandHabitant creation'

src/classes/test_practice_class_definition_and_objects.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""
+Practing  the Class Definition and objects
+"""
+
+
+def test_class_and_instance_variable():
+    """ Testing class definition """
+    class Car:
+        """Car class example"""
+        # pylint: disbale= too-few-public-methods
+        name = 'Sports Car'
+
+        def __init__(self, owner_name, model):
+            self.owner_name = owner_name
+            self.model = model
+
+    assert Car.name == 'Sports Car'
+    assert Car.__doc__ == 'Car class example'
+
+    car1 = Car('Ali',2019)
+
+    assert car1.name, car1.model == ('Ali',2019)
+

src/classes/test_practice_classes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""
+Practing  the classes tasks
+"""
+
+
+def test_class_and_instance_variable():
+    """ Testing class and  instance variable """
+    class Car:
+        """ Car class example"""
+        # pylint: disbale= too-few-public-methods
+        name = 'Sports Car'
+
+        def __init__(self, owner_name):
+            self.owner_name = owner_name
+
+    car1 = Car('Ali')
+    car2 = Car('Hamza')
+
+    assert car1.name == "Sports Car"
+    assert car2.name == "Sports Car"
+
+    assert car1.owner_name == 'Ali'
+    assert car2.owner_name == "Hamza"
+
+    Car.name = 'MiniVan'
+
+    assert car1.name == 'MiniVan'
+    car3 = Car('Raza')
+    assert car3.name == 'MiniVan'
+
+
+    class CarWithSharedFeatures:
+        """ Car class example with wrong shared variable usage"""
+        features = [] 
+
+        def __init__(self, owner_name):
+            self.name = owner_name  # Instance variable unique to each instance.
+
+        def add_feature(self, feature):
+            """Add feature to the car
+            This function illustrate mistaken use of mutable class variable features.
+            """
+            self.features.append(feature)
+
+    car1 = CarWithSharedFeatures('Ali')
+    car2 = CarWithSharedFeatures('Hamza')
+
+    car1.add_feature("Back Camera")
+    car2.add_feature("Leather seats")
+
+    # All cars are sharing same mutable object
+    assert car1.features == ["Back Camera", "Leather seats"]
+
+    class CarWithSeperateFeatures:
+        """ Car class example with correct shared variable usage"""
+        def __init__(self, owner_name):
+            self.name = owner_name  # Instance variable unique to each instance.
+            self.features = []
+
+        def add_feature(self, feature):
+            """Add feature to the car
+            This function illustrate mistaken use of mutable class variable features.
+            """
+            self.features.append(feature)
+
+    car1 = CarWithSeperateFeatures('Ali')
+    car2 = CarWithSeperateFeatures('Hamza')
+
+    car1.add_feature("Back Camera")
+    car2.add_feature("Leather_seats")
+
+    # Each car has separate features list
+    assert car1.features == ["Back Camera"]
+

src/operators/test_arithmetic.py

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ def test_arithmetic_operators():
     assert 5 * 3 == 15
     assert isinstance(5 * 3, int)
 
+    assert isinstance(5 == 3, int)
+
     # Division.
     # Result of division is float number.
     assert 5 / 3 == 1.6666666666666667
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ def test_arithmetic_operators():
 
     # Modulus.
     assert 5 % 3 == 2
+    assert 4 % 2 == 0
 
     # Exponentiation.
     assert 5 ** 3 == 125